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Fluids
Special Issues
Flow Visualization: Experiments and Techniques, 2nd Edition
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Flow Visualization: Experiments and Techniques, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Fluids (ISSN 2311-5521). This special issue belongs to the section "Mathematical and Computational Fluid Mechanics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 September 2025 | Viewed by 1559

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mingming Ge

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
Interests: experimental fluid mechanics, cavitation and multiphase flow; aI for fluids; numerical simulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Guangjian Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
Interests: two-phase structure and dynamics of cavitation; flow visualization; particle image velocimetry (PIV); numerical simulation of turbulent cavitating flow
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xin-Lei Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Interests: turbulence modeling; data assimilation; machine learning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Flow visualization is a technique used to observe and analyze the patterns and characteristics of fluid flow. It is a valuable tool in fluid mechanics research and engineering applications, as it allows researchers to gain insights into the behavior of fluids and identify various flow phenomena.

Flow visualization methods can be broadly divided into two categories:

  1. Direct flow visualization involves directly observing the flow using techniques such as dye injection, particle tracking, and smoke visualization;
  2. Indirect flow visualization involves using instruments and sensors to measure flow properties such as pressure, velocity, and temperature, which are then processed to visualize the flow patterns and characteristics.

This Special Issue aims to gather recent advancements in flow visualization techniques and present new findings in fluid mechanics using these techniques.

Suggested topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Multiphase flow measurement and instrumentation;
  • PIV/MicroPIV/Tomo-PIV/LIF-PIV techniques;
  • High-speed photography;
  • Experimental fluid mechanics;
  • Measurements of a two-phase structure and dynamics of cavitation;
  • Traditional and synchrotron X-ray imaging;
  • Pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) technique;
  • Multi-sensor data fusion;
  • Pressure field reconstruction;
  • AI techniques applied in experimental fluid mechanics.

We look forward to receiving your contributions and hope this Special Issue will provide a platform for researchers to share their work and exchange knowledge and ideas.

Dr. Mingming Ge
Dr. Guangjian Zhang
Dr. Xin-Lei Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fluids is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • flow visualization
  • multiphase flow
  • cavitation
  • high-speed photography
  • PIV
  • X-ray imaging
  • pressure field reconstruction
  • data assimilation
  • machine learning

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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16 pages, 19757 KiB  
Article
Experimental Particle Image Velocimetry Apparatus with Known Displacement of Synthetic Particles
by Anderson Gomes Girardi, Sigeo Kitatani Júnior, João Paulo da Silva Fonseca and Felipe Pamplona Mariano
Fluids 2025, 10(3), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids10030068 - 16 Mar 2025
Viewed by 312
Abstract
The study of velocimetry is important for characterizing and comprehending the effects of fluid flow, and the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique is one of the primary approaches for understanding the velocity vector field in a test section. Commercial PIV systems are expensive, [...] Read more.
The study of velocimetry is important for characterizing and comprehending the effects of fluid flow, and the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique is one of the primary approaches for understanding the velocity vector field in a test section. Commercial PIV systems are expensive, with one of the main cost factors being high-speed camera equipment capable of capturing images at high frames per second (fps), rendering them impractical for many applications. This study proposes an evaluation of utilizing smartphones as accessible image acquisition systems for PIV technique application. An experimental setup inspired by the known angular displacement of synthetic particles is proposed. A stepper motor rotates a plate containing an image of synthetic particles on its surface. The motion of the plate is captured by the smartphone camera, and the images are processed using PIVlab-MatLab® software. The use of two smartphones is assessed, with acquisition rates of either 240 fps or 960 fps and varying angular velocities. The results were satisfactory for velocities up to 0.7 m/s at an acquisition rate of 240 fps and up to 1.8 m/s at 960 fps, validating the use of smartphones as a cost-effective alternative for applying the PIV technique, both for educational purposes and for research carried out in low-income organizations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flow Visualization: Experiments and Techniques, 2nd Edition)
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22 pages, 8709 KiB  
Article
Performance of a Pharmaceutical Single-Use Stirred Tank Operating at Different Filling Volumes: Mixing Time, Fluid Dynamics and Power Consumption
by Federico Alberini, Andrea Albano, Pushpinder Singh, Giuseppina Montante, Francesco Maluta, Nicodemo Di Pasquale and Alessandro Paglianti
Fluids 2025, 10(3), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids10030064 - 8 Mar 2025
Viewed by 583
Abstract
Single-use bioreactors (SUBs) are revolutionizing biotechnology and biopharmaceutical manufacturing by offering cost-efficient, flexible, and scalable alternatives to traditional reusable systems. These bioreactors, made from disposable and pre-sterilized materials, streamline cell cultivation for biological production while minimizing the need for complex cleaning and sterilization. [...] Read more.
Single-use bioreactors (SUBs) are revolutionizing biotechnology and biopharmaceutical manufacturing by offering cost-efficient, flexible, and scalable alternatives to traditional reusable systems. These bioreactors, made from disposable and pre-sterilized materials, streamline cell cultivation for biological production while minimizing the need for complex cleaning and sterilization. A critical aspect of SUB performance lies in optimizing hydrodynamic parameters flow field, power consumption, mixing time, and energy efficiency, which directly influence process outcomes. This study investigates the hydrodynamic performance of an SUB system through stereo Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to analyze flow fields, Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) for mixing time, and Electro Resistance Tomography (ERT) for further insights into mixing dynamics. The results, evaluated at varying impeller speeds and fill heights, provide a comprehensive understanding of flow behavior, mixing efficiency, and power requirements. This work highlights the importance of hydrodynamic characterization in optimizing SUB design and operation, contributing to more sustainable and efficient biopharmaceutical production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flow Visualization: Experiments and Techniques, 2nd Edition)
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