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Fluids
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Computational Fluid Dynamics in Fluid Machinery
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Computational Fluid Dynamics in Fluid Machinery

A special issue of Fluids (ISSN 2311-5521). This special issue belongs to the section "Mathematical and Computational Fluid Mechanics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2024 | Viewed by 8261

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ling Zhou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
China National Research Center of Pumps, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Interests: high-efficiency, high-lift submersible oil/submersible pump numerical simulation, optimization design and hydraulic model development; experimental measurement and control methods of pressure pulsation and axial force of multi-stage pumps; two-phase flow and abrasion and wear of fluid machinery
Dr. Wei Li

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
China National Research Center of Pumps, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Interests: design and optimization of fluid machinery; computational fluid dynamics (CFD); cavitation of pump; unsteady flow and control; flow measurements and experimental techniques
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is widely used in the manufacturing of aerospace aircraft, petroleum, chemical, aerospace, water conservancy, agricultural irrigation and other industrial fields. However, the applications of CFD vary due to the diversity of their operating environments, which also have many problems, including multiphase flow, chemical reactions, heat transfer, etc. In the past several decades, more advanced computational models and appropriate methods to solve these problems have been the pursuit of scientists and engineers. Prof. Ramesh Agarwal is an outstanding representative, and developed the Wray–Agarwal turbulence model.

To celebrate the contributions of Prof. Ramesh Agarwal, we have created a new Special Issue. This Special Issue seeks high-quality original research articles with a focus on recent advances in computational research on aerospace design and fluid dynamics. Original research and review articles are welcome.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

  • Airfoil;
  • Aerospace materials;
  • Control of unsteady flow in fluid machinery;
  • Application of new turbulence models, such as the Wray–Agarwal model;
  • Multi-phase flow in fluid machinery;
  • Turbulence in fluid machinery;
  • Rotating stall;
  • Fluid–solid interaction;
  • Drag reduction;
  • Incompressible and compressible fluids;
  • Other relevant topics.

Dr. Ling Zhou
Dr. Wei Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fluids is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fluid machinery
  • computational fluid dynamics
  • turbulent flow

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

27 pages, 5143 KiB  
Article
Computational Fluid Dynamics Prediction of External Thermal Loads on Film-Cooled Gas Turbine Vanes: A Validation of Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes Transition Models and Scale-Resolving Simulations for the VKI LS-94 Test Case
by Simone Sandrin, Lorenzo Mazzei, Riccardo Da Soghe and Fabrizio Fontaneto
Fluids 2024, 9(4), 91; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids9040091 - 15 Apr 2024
Viewed by 463
Abstract
Given the increasing role of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations in the aerothermal design of gas turbine vanes and blades, their rigorous validation is becoming more and more important. This article exploits an experimental database obtained by the von Karman Institute (VKI) for [...] Read more.
Given the increasing role of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations in the aerothermal design of gas turbine vanes and blades, their rigorous validation is becoming more and more important. This article exploits an experimental database obtained by the von Karman Institute (VKI) for Fluid Dynamics for the LS-94 test case. This represents a film-cooled transonic turbine vane, investigated in a five-vane linear cascade configuration under engine-like conditions in terms of the Reynolds number and Mach number. The experimental characterization included inlet freestream turbulence measured with hot-wire anemometry, aerodynamic performance assessed with a three-hole pressure probe in the downstream section, and vane convective heat transfer coefficient distribution determined with thin-film thermometers. The test matrix included cases without any film-cooling injection, pressure-side injection, and suction-side injection. The CFD simulations were carried out in Ansys Fluent, considering the impact of mesh sizing and steady-state Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) transition modelling, as well as more accurate transient scale-resolving simulations. This work provides insight into the advantages and drawbacks of such approaches for gas turbine hot-gas path designers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Dynamics in Fluid Machinery)
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21 pages, 6496 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Oscillatory Response of Light-Weight Wind Turbine Rotors under Controlled Gust Pulses
by Fernando Ponta, Alayna Farrell, Apurva Baruah and North Yates
Fluids 2024, 9(4), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids9040083 - 26 Mar 2024
Viewed by 688
Abstract
Given the industry-wide trend of continual increases in the size of utility-scale wind turbines, a point will come where reductions will need to be made in terms of the weight of the turbine’s blades to ensure they can be as long as needed [...] Read more.
Given the industry-wide trend of continual increases in the size of utility-scale wind turbines, a point will come where reductions will need to be made in terms of the weight of the turbine’s blades to ensure they can be as long as needed without sacrificing structural stability. One such technique that may be considered is to decrease the material used for the shell and spar cap. While this will solve the weight issue, it creates a new one entirely—less material for the shell and spar cap will in turn create blades that are more flexible than what is currently used. This article aims to investigate how the oscillatory response of light-weight wind turbine rotors is affected by these flexibility changes. The object of our study is the Sandia National Lab National Rotor Testbed (SNL-NRT) wind turbine, which the authors investigated in the course of a research project supported by SNL. Using a reduced-order characterization (ROC) technique based on controlled gust pulses, introduced by the authors in a previous work, the aeroelastic dynamics of the NRT’s original baseline blade design and several of its flexible variations were studied via numerical simulations employing the CODEF multiphysics suite. Results for this characterization are presented and analyzed, including a generalization of the ROC of the SNL-NRT oscillatory dynamics to larger machines with geometrical similarity. The latter will prove to be valuable in terms of extrapolating results from the present investigation and other ongoing studies to the scale of current and future commercial machines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Dynamics in Fluid Machinery)
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18 pages, 7764 KiB  
Article
Numerical Approach Based on Solving 3D Navier–Stokes Equations for Simulation of the Marine Propeller Flow Problems
by Andrey Kozelkov, Vadim Kurulin, Andrey Kurkin, Andrey Taranov, Kseniya Plygunova, Olga Krutyakova and Aleksey Korotkov
Fluids 2023, 8(11), 293; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids8110293 - 31 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1391
Abstract
The report presents the approach implemented in the Russian LOGOS software package for the numerical simulation of the marine propeller flow problems using unstructured computational meshes automatically generated by the mesh generator. This approach includes a computational model based on the Navier–Stokes equation [...] Read more.
The report presents the approach implemented in the Russian LOGOS software package for the numerical simulation of the marine propeller flow problems using unstructured computational meshes automatically generated by the mesh generator. This approach includes a computational model based on the Navier–Stokes equation system and written with respect to the physical process: the turbulent nature of flow with transient points is accounted using the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes method and the k–ω SST model of turbulence by Menter along with the γ–Reθ (Gamma Re Theta) laminar-turbulent transition model; the Volume of Fluid method supplemented with the Schnerr–Sauer cavitation model is used to simulate the cavitation processes; a rotating propeller is simulated by a moving computational mesh and the GGI method to provide conformity of the solutions on adjacent boundaries of arbitrarily-shaped unstructured meshes of the two domains. The specific features of the numerical algorithms in use are described. The method validation results are given; they were obtained because of the problems of finding the performance curves of model-scale propellers in open water, namely the problems of finding the performance of propellers KP505 and IB without consideration of cavitation and the performance of propellers VP1304 and C5 under cavitation conditions. The paper demonstrates that the numerical simulation method presented allows for obtaining sufficiently accurate results to predict the main hydrodynamic characteristics for most modes of operation of the propellers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Dynamics in Fluid Machinery)
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20 pages, 3488 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation of the Conjugate Heat Transfer of a “Fluid–Solid Body” System on an Unmatched Grid Interface
by Aleksey Korotkov, Andrey Kozelkov, Andrey Kurkin, Robert Giniyatullin and Sergey Lashkin
Fluids 2023, 8(10), 266; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids8100266 - 27 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1065
Abstract
Recently, when modeling transient problems of conjugate heat transfer, the independent construction of grid models for fluid and solid subdomains is increasingly being used. Such grid models, as a rule, are unmatched and require the development of special grid interfaces that match the [...] Read more.
Recently, when modeling transient problems of conjugate heat transfer, the independent construction of grid models for fluid and solid subdomains is increasingly being used. Such grid models, as a rule, are unmatched and require the development of special grid interfaces that match the heat fluxes at the interface. Currently, the most common sequential approach to modeling problems of conjugate heat transfer requires the iterative matching of boundary conditions, which can significantly slow down the process of the convergence of the solution in the case of modeling transient problems with fast processes. The present study is devoted to the development of a direct method for solving conjugate heat transfer problems on grid models consisting of inconsistent grid fragments on adjacent boundaries in which, in the general case, the number and location of nodes do not coincide. A conservative method for the discretization of the heat transfer equation by the direct method in the region of inconsistent interface boundaries between liquid and solid bodies is proposed. The proposed method for matching heat fluxes at mismatched boundaries is based on the principle of forming matched virtual boundaries, proposed in the GGI (General Grid Interface) method. A description of a numerical scheme is presented, which takes into account the different scales of cells and the sharply different thermophysical properties at the interface between liquid and solid media. An algorithm for constructing a conjugate matrix, the form of matrix coefficients responsible for conjugate heat transfer, and methods for calculating them are described. The operability of the presented method is demonstrated by the example of calculating conjugate heat transfer problems, the grid models of which consist of inconsistent grid fragments. The use of the direct conjugation method makes it possible to effectively solve both stationary and non-stationary problems using inconsistent meshes, without the need to modify them in the conjugation region within a single CFD solver. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Dynamics in Fluid Machinery)
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15 pages, 7207 KiB  
Article
Modelling of Peristaltic Pumps with Respect to Viscoelastic Tube Material Properties and Fatigue Effects
by Marco Hostettler, Raphael Grüter, Simon Stingelin, Flavio De Lorenzi, Rudolf M. Fuechslin, Cyrill Jacomet, Stephan Koll, Dirk Wilhelm and Gernot K. Boiger
Fluids 2023, 8(9), 254; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids8090254 - 19 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1440
Abstract
Peristaltic pump technology is widely used wherever relatively low, highly accurately dosed volumetric flow rates are required and where fluid contamination must be excluded. Thus, typical fields of application include food, pharmaceuticals, medical technology, and analytics. In certain cases, when applied in conjunction [...] Read more.
Peristaltic pump technology is widely used wherever relatively low, highly accurately dosed volumetric flow rates are required and where fluid contamination must be excluded. Thus, typical fields of application include food, pharmaceuticals, medical technology, and analytics. In certain cases, when applied in conjunction with polymer-based tubing material, supplied peristaltic flow rates are reported to be significantly lower than the expected set flow rates. Said flow rate reductions are related to (i) the chosen tube material, (ii) tube material fatigue effects, and (iii) the applied pump frequency. This work presents a fast, dynamic, multiphysics, 1D peristaltic pump solver, which is demonstrated to capture all qualitatively relevant effects in terms of peristaltic flow rate reduction within linear peristaltic pumps. The numerical solver encompasses laminar fluid dynamics, geometric restrictions provided by peristaltic pump operation, as well as viscoelastic tube material properties and tube material fatigue effects. A variety of validation experiments were conducted within this work. The experiments point to the high degree of quantitative accuracy of the novel software and qualify it as the basis for elaborating an a priori drive correction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Dynamics in Fluid Machinery)
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26 pages, 14053 KiB  
Article
Improving Pump Characteristics through Double Curvature Impellers: Experimental Measurements and 3D CFD Analysis
by Alfredo M. Abuchar-Curi, Oscar E. Coronado-Hernández, Jairo Useche, Verónica J. Abuchar-Soto, Argemiro Palencia-Díaz, Duban A. Paternina-Verona and Helena M. Ramos
Fluids 2023, 8(8), 217; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids8080217 - 27 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1263
Abstract
The outlet angle and shape of impeller blades are important parameters in centrifugal pump design. There is a lack of detailed studies related to double curvature impellers in centrifugal pumps in the current literature; therefore, an experimental and numerical analysis of double curvature [...] Read more.
The outlet angle and shape of impeller blades are important parameters in centrifugal pump design. There is a lack of detailed studies related to double curvature impellers in centrifugal pumps in the current literature; therefore, an experimental and numerical analysis of double curvature impellers was performed. Six impellers were made and then assessed in a centrifugal pump test bed and simulated via 3D CFD simulation. The original impeller was also tested and simulated. One of the manufactured impellers had the same design as the original, and the other five impellers had a double curvature. Laboratory tests and simulations were conducted with three rotation speeds: 1400, 1700, and 1900 RPM. Head and performance curve equations were obtained for the pump–engine unit based on the flow of each impeller for the three rotation speeds. The results showed that a double curvature impeller improved pump head by approximately 1 m for the range of the study and performance by about 2% when compared to basic impeller. On the other hand, it was observed that turbulence models such as k-ε and SST k-ω reproduced similar physical and numerical results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Dynamics in Fluid Machinery)
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24 pages, 5981 KiB  
Article
Two-Fluid Large-Eddy Simulation of Two-Phase Flow in Air-Sparged Hydrocyclone
by Mustafa Bukhari, Hassan Fayed and Saad Ragab
Fluids 2023, 8(5), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids8050139 - 25 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1373
Abstract
The two-fluid (Euler–Euler) model and large-eddy simulation are used to compute the turbulent two-phase flow of air and water in a cyclonic flotation device known as an Air-Sparged Hydrocyclone (ASH). In the operation of ASH, air is injected through a porous cylindrical wall. [...] Read more.
The two-fluid (Euler–Euler) model and large-eddy simulation are used to compute the turbulent two-phase flow of air and water in a cyclonic flotation device known as an Air-Sparged Hydrocyclone (ASH). In the operation of ASH, air is injected through a porous cylindrical wall. The study considers a 48 mm diameter hydrocyclone and uses a block-structured fine mesh of 10.5 million hexagonal elements. The air-to-water injection ratio is 4, and a uniform air bubble diameter of 0.5 mm is specified. The flow field in ASH was investigated for the inlet flow rate of water of 30.6 L/min at different values of underflow exit pressure. The current simulations quantify the effects of the underflow exit pressure on the split ratio and the overall flow physics in ASH, including the distribution of the air volume fraction, water axial velocity, tangential velocity, and swirling-layer thickness. The loci of zero-axial velocity surfaces were determined for different exit pressures. The water split ratio through the overflow opening varies with underflow exit pressure as 6%, 8%, 16%, and 26% for 3, 4, 5, and 6 kPa, respectively. These results indicate that regulating the pressure at the underflow exit can be used to optimize the ASH’s performance. Turbulent energy spectra in different regions of the hydrocyclone were analyzed. Small-scale turbulence spectra at near-wall points exhibit f−4 law, where f is frequency. Whereas for points at the air-column interface, the energy spectra show an inertial subrange f−5/3 followed by a dissipative range of f−7 law. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Dynamics in Fluid Machinery)
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