Hydrogel-Based Scaffolds with a Focus on Medical Use (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Gels (ISSN 2310-2861). This special issue belongs to the section "Gel Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2024 | Viewed by 5033

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
Interests: stem cell transplantation; stem cell biology; regenerative medicine; formation of tissues and organs; mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells (MSCs and HSCs)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
Interests: morphology and functional imaging of cells; neuroanatomy and neurophysiology; gene therapy; cell therapy; regenerative medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of scaffolds with optimal characteristics is more readily achievable in polymeric scaffolds. There is currently great research interest in hydrogel-based scaffolds. 

Hydrogel-based scaffolds have recently emerged as the most promising substrates for cell cultures to generate well-defined 3D biofabricated tissue, attracting significant research attention for their potential in medical applications.

These scaffolds act as bioactive substrates and structural supports, providing topographical and chemical stimuli for cell spreading, proliferation and differentiation in vivo. Among the specific scaffold characteristics, high porosity and interconnectivity to facilitate scaffold/cell interactions, nutrient and oxygen infiltration and vascularization aim to obtain specific cellular responses. Scaffolds have sufficient mechanical properties to temporarily substitute the missing tissue and permit essential physiological functions.

This Special Issue is dedicated to the design and development of advanced polymeric scaffolds and their applications for bone/cartilage/skin regeneration in vitro and in vivo.

Dr. Federica Re
Dr. Elisa Borsani
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • hydrogel-based scaffolds
  • resorbable scaffolds
  • synthesis of biomaterials
  • mesenchymal stromal cells
  • bioengineered models
  • bone regeneration
  • cartilage regeneration
  • skin regeneration

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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30 pages, 9043 KiB  
Article
Bone Spheroid Development Under Flow Conditions with Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells in a 3D Porous Hydrogel Supplemented with Hydroxyapatite
by Soukaina El Hajj, Martial Bankoué Ntaté, Cyril Breton, Robin Siadous, Rachida Aid, Magali Dupuy, Didier Letourneur, Joëlle Amédée, Hervé Duval and Bertrand David
Gels 2024, 10(10), 666; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10100666 - 18 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1161
Abstract
Understanding the niche interactions between blood and bone through the in vitro co-culture of osteo-competent cells and endothelial cells is a key factor in unraveling therapeutic potentials in bone regeneration. This can be additionally supported by employing numerical simulation techniques to assess local [...] Read more.
Understanding the niche interactions between blood and bone through the in vitro co-culture of osteo-competent cells and endothelial cells is a key factor in unraveling therapeutic potentials in bone regeneration. This can be additionally supported by employing numerical simulation techniques to assess local physical factors, such as oxygen concentration, and mechanical stimuli, such as shear stress, that can mediate cellular communication. In this study, we developed a Mesenchymal Stem Cell line (MSC) and a Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell line (HUVEC), which were co-cultured under flow conditions in a three-dimensional, porous, natural pullulan/dextran scaffold that was supplemented with hydroxyapatite crystals that allowed for the spontaneous formation of spheroids. After 2 weeks, their viability was higher under the dynamic conditions (>94%) than the static conditions (<75%), with dead cells central in the spheroids. Mineralization and collagen IV production increased under the dynamic conditions, correlating with osteogenesis and vasculogenesis. The endothelial cells clustered at the spheroidal core by day 7. Proliferation doubled in the dynamic conditions, especially at the scaffold peripheries. Lattice Boltzmann simulations showed negligible wall shear stress in the hydrogel pores but highlighted highly oxygenated zones coinciding with cell proliferation. A strong oxygen gradient likely influenced endothelial migration and cell distribution. Hypoxia was minimal, explaining high viability and spheroid maturation in the dynamic conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogel-Based Scaffolds with a Focus on Medical Use (2nd Edition))
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13 pages, 3979 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Photopatterning of Synthetic Thiol-Norbornene Hydrogels
by Umu S. Jalloh, Arielle Gsell, Kirstene A. Gultian, James MacAulay, Abigail Madden, Jillian Smith, Luke Siri and Sebastián L. Vega
Gels 2024, 10(3), 164; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10030164 - 23 Feb 2024
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Abstract
Hydrogels are a class of soft biomaterials and the material of choice for a myriad of biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and highly tunable mechanical and biochemical properties. Specifically, light-mediated thiol-norbornene click reactions between norbornene-modified macromers and di-thiolated crosslinkers can be used [...] Read more.
Hydrogels are a class of soft biomaterials and the material of choice for a myriad of biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and highly tunable mechanical and biochemical properties. Specifically, light-mediated thiol-norbornene click reactions between norbornene-modified macromers and di-thiolated crosslinkers can be used to form base hydrogels amenable to spatial biochemical modifications via subsequent light reactions between pendant norbornenes in the hydrogel network and thiolated peptides. Macromers derived from natural sources (e.g., hyaluronic acid, gelatin, alginate) can cause off-target cell signaling, and this has motivated the use of synthetic macromers such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). In this study, commercially available 8-arm norbornene-modified PEG (PEG-Nor) macromers were reacted with di-thiolated crosslinkers (dithiothreitol, DTT) to form synthetic hydrogels. By varying the PEG-Nor weight percent or DTT concentration, hydrogels with a stiffness range of 3.3 kPa–31.3 kPa were formed. Pendant norbornene groups in these hydrogels were used for secondary reactions to either increase hydrogel stiffness (by reacting with DTT) or to tether mono-thiolated peptides to the hydrogel network. Peptide functionalization has no effect on bulk hydrogel mechanics, and this confirms that mechanical and biochemical signals can be independently controlled. Using photomasks, thiolated peptides can also be photopatterned onto base hydrogels, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) attach and spread on RGD-functionalized PEG-Nor hydrogels. MSCs encapsulated in PEG-Nor hydrogels are also highly viable, demonstrating the ability of this platform to form biocompatible hydrogels for 2D and 3D cell culture with user-defined mechanical and biochemical properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogel-Based Scaffolds with a Focus on Medical Use (2nd Edition))
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Review

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25 pages, 4010 KiB  
Review
Nanoclay-Composite Hydrogels for Bone Tissue Engineering
by Hee Sook Hwang and Chung-Sung Lee
Gels 2024, 10(8), 513; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10080513 - 3 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1308
Abstract
Nanoclay-composite hydrogels represent a promising avenue for advancing bone tissue engineering. Traditional hydrogels face challenges in providing mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and bioactivity necessary for successful bone regeneration. The incorporation of nanoclay into hydrogel matrices offers a potential unique solution to these challenges. This [...] Read more.
Nanoclay-composite hydrogels represent a promising avenue for advancing bone tissue engineering. Traditional hydrogels face challenges in providing mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and bioactivity necessary for successful bone regeneration. The incorporation of nanoclay into hydrogel matrices offers a potential unique solution to these challenges. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fabrication, physico-chemical/biological performance, and applications of nanoclay-composite hydrogels in bone tissue engineering. Various fabrication techniques, including in situ polymerization, physical blending, and 3D printing, are discussed. In vitro and in vivo studies evaluating biocompatibility and bioactivity have demonstrated the potential of these hydrogels for promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Their applications in bone defect repair, osteochondral tissue engineering and drug delivery are also explored. Despite their potential in bone tissue engineering, nanoclay-composite hydrogels face challenges such as optimal dispersion, scalability, biocompatibility, long-term stability, regulatory approval, and integration with emerging technologies to achieve clinical application. Future research directions need to focus on refining fabrication techniques, enhancing understanding of biological interactions, and advancing towards clinical translation and commercialization. Overall, nanoclay-composite hydrogels offer exciting opportunities for improving bone regeneration strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogel-Based Scaffolds with a Focus on Medical Use (2nd Edition))
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

1.
Type of Paper: Article
Tentative Title: Antimicrobial Polyvinyl Alcohol-Nanolignin Composite Hydrogel Scaffold for Potential Surgical Sponge Applications
Authors: Resmi Anand, Delphine Collard Jean-Sébastien Thomann and David Duday
Affiliations: Department of Materials Research and Technology, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, L-4362 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg

2.
Type of Paper: Review
Tentative Title: Bioprinting by Design for in-situ Skin Tissue Engineering
Authors: Alisa Douglas(1,2), Yufei Chen(2), Margarita Elloso(2), Adam Levschuk(2,3), Marc. G Jeschke(2,4)
Affiliations: (1) School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University
(2) Hamilton Health Sciences
(3) Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University
(4) Department of Surgery, McMaster University

3.
Type of Paper:Article
Tentative Title: Cellulose structuring effect on engineered chitosan scaffolds for bone regeneration
Authors: Laura Furlan1, Annj Zamuner1,2, Antonio Gloria3,4, Teresa Russo3, Gabriella D’Auria5, Lucia Falcigno5, Lucia Manni6, Loriano Ballarin6, Elisabetta Schievano7, Paola Brun8, Monica Dettin1,*
Affiliations:
1: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
2: Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
3: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
4: Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, 80125 Naples, Italy
5: Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
6: Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
7: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
8: Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy
 


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