Rheological Studies and Applications of Hydrogels Related to Drug Delivery

A special issue of Gels (ISSN 2310-2861). This special issue belongs to the section "Gel Processing and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 3209

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
Interests: hydrogels; biopolymer; bioconjugate; microfluidics; viscoelasticity; drug delivery

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Guest Editor
1. Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. Sqr. 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
2. MTA-SZTE Lendület “Momentum” Noble Metal Nanostructures Research Group, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. Sqr. 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
Interests: biopolymers; polymer-based colloidal drug delivery systems; drug encapsulation; nanocarriers

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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
Interests: in vitro early ADME models; CNS and ophthalmic drug permeability; eye drop formulas; drug metabolism; rheology-mucoadhesivity correlation
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hydrogels are well-known materials due to their excellent gel-forming properties, the number of publications devoted to which has grown exponentially in recent years. In the realm of drug delivery, rheological studies related to hydrogels have emerged as an essential area of investigation, representing a nexus of scientific inquiry and practical application. The exploration of hydrogel formulations and their rheological characteristics constitutes a fundamental aspect of this Special Issue, delving into the behavior and mechanical attributes that investigate their functionality.

Hydrogels, due to their unique structural characteristics and responsiveness to environmental stimuli, stand as versatile candidates for use as drug delivery systems. The rheological investigation of these materials often consider their viscoelastic properties, shear-thinning behavior, and gelation kinetics, providing insights into the dynamic interplay of forces governing hydrogel mechanics. Such elucidation not only refines our understanding of hydrogel behavior but also informs the rational design of drug carriers tailored to specific therapeutic needs. Furthermore, the pragmatic applications of hydrogels in drug delivery systems have a spectrum of functionalities, encompassing controlled release, site-specific targeting, and sustained drug release. These applications align with the overall objective of enhancing therapeutic efficacy, minimizing side effects, and optimizing patient outcomes. As we study the rheological complexity of hydrogels, their potential as practical vehicles for drug delivery becomes increasingly apparent, as we acknowledge their status a new frontier in pharmaceutical science that has profound implications for personalized and precision medicine.

This Special Issue of Gels, entitled “Rheological Studies and Applications of Hydrogels Related to Drug Delivery”, is dedicated to the latest research in the field of hydrogels. This Special Issue’s scope ranges from their fundamental aspects to particular applications. It will discuss the preparation, properties, and rheological characteristics of hydrogels, as well as their practical applications in drug delivery systems.

Dr. Zsófia Edit Pápay
Dr. Norbert Varga
Prof. Dr. György T. Balogh
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • applications of hydrogels
  • hydrogels in drug delivery
  • rheology of hydrogels
  • role of rheology in drug delivery
  • properties of hydrogels

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 4006 KiB  
Article
Rheological Properties of Fish and Mammalian Gelatin Hydrogels as Bases for Potential Practical Formulations
by Svetlana R. Derkach, Nikolay G. Voron’ko, Yulia A. Kuchina, Daria S. Kolotova, Vladimir A. Grokhovsky, Alena A. Nikiforova, Igor A. Sedov, Dzhigangir A. Faizullin and Yuriy F. Zuev
Gels 2024, 10(8), 486; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10080486 - 23 Jul 2024
Viewed by 472
Abstract
Hydrogels have the ability to retain large amounts of water within their three-dimensional polymer matrices. These attractive materials are used in medicine and the food industry; they can serve as the basis for structured food products, additives, and various ingredients. Gelatin is one [...] Read more.
Hydrogels have the ability to retain large amounts of water within their three-dimensional polymer matrices. These attractive materials are used in medicine and the food industry; they can serve as the basis for structured food products, additives, and various ingredients. Gelatin is one of widely used biopolymers to create hydrogels that exhibit biocompatibility and tunable rheological properties. In this study, we offer a comparative analysis of rheological properties of gelatin-based hydrogels (C = 6.67%), including mammalian gelatins from bovine and porcine skins and fish gelatins from commercial samples and samples extracted from Atlantic cod skin. Mammalian gelatins provide high strength and elasticity to hydrogels. Their melting point lies in the range from 22 to 34 °C. Fish gelatin from cod skin also provides a high strength to hydrogels. Commercial fish gelatin forms weak gels exhibiting low viscoelastic properties and strength, as well as low thermal stability with a melting point of 7 °C. Gelatins were characterized basing on the analysis of amino acid composition, molecular weight distribution, and biopolymer secondary structure in gels. Our research provides a unique rheological comparison of mammalian and fish gelatin hydrogels as a tool for the re-evaluation of fish skin gelatin produced through circular processes. Full article
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14 pages, 3093 KiB  
Article
Microfluidic Rheology: An Innovative Method for Viscosity Measurement of Gels and Various Pharmaceuticals
by Zsófia Vilimi, Zsófia Edit Pápay, Bálint Basa, Xeniya Orekhova, Nikolett Kállai-Szabó and István Antal
Gels 2024, 10(7), 464; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10070464 - 16 Jul 2024
Viewed by 612
Abstract
Measuring the viscosity of pharmaceutical dosage forms is a crucial process. Viscosity provides information about the stability of the composition, the release rate of the drug, bioavailability, and, in the case of injectable drug formulations, even the force required for injection. However, measuring [...] Read more.
Measuring the viscosity of pharmaceutical dosage forms is a crucial process. Viscosity provides information about the stability of the composition, the release rate of the drug, bioavailability, and, in the case of injectable drug formulations, even the force required for injection. However, measuring viscosity is a complex task with numerous challenges, especially for non-Newtonian materials, which include most pharmaceutical formulations, such as gels. Selecting the appropriate shear rate is critical. Since viscosity in many systems is highly temperature-dependent, stable temperature control is necessary during the measurement. Using microfluidics technology, it is now possible to perform rheological characterization and conduct fast and accurate measurements. Small sample volumes (even below 500 µL) are required, and viscosity determination can be carried out over a wide range of shear rates. Nevertheless, the pharmaceutical application of viscometers operating on the principle of microfluidics is not yet widespread. In our work, we compare the results of measurements taken with a microfluidic chip-based viscometer on different pharmaceutical forms (gels, solution) with those obtained using a traditional rotational viscometer, evaluating the relative advantages and disadvantages of the different methods. The microfluidics-based method enables time- and sample-efficient viscosity analysis of the examined pharmaceutical forms. Full article
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16 pages, 4341 KiB  
Article
Effect of Crosslinking Agents on Chitosan Hydrogel Carriers for Drug Loading and Release for Targeted Drug Delivery
by Md Salah Uddin, Suyash Khand and Chao Dong
Gels 2024, 10(7), 421; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10070421 - 26 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1404
Abstract
Numerous studies report on chitosan hydrogels in different forms, such as films, porous structures, nanoparticles, and microspheres, for biomedical applications; however, this study concentrates on their modifications with different crosslinking agents and observes their effects on drug loading and releasing capacities. Linear chitosan, [...] Read more.
Numerous studies report on chitosan hydrogels in different forms, such as films, porous structures, nanoparticles, and microspheres, for biomedical applications; however, this study concentrates on their modifications with different crosslinking agents and observes their effects on drug loading and releasing capacities. Linear chitosan, along with chitosans crosslinked with two major crosslinkers, i.e., genipin and disulfide, are used to formulate three different hydrogel systems. The crosslinking process is heavily impacted by temperature and pH conditions. Three different drugs, i.e., thymoquinone, gefitinib, and erlotinib, are loaded to the hydrogels in de-ionized water solutions and released in phosphate-buffered solutions; thus, a total of nine combinations are studied and analyzed for their drug loading and releasing capabilities with ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. This study finds that thymoquinone shows the lowest loading efficacy compared to the two other drugs in all three systems. Gefitinib shows stable loading and releasing regardless of crosslinking system, and the genipin-crosslinked system shows stable loading and releasing with all three drug molecules. These experimental results agree well with the findings of our previously published results conducted with molecular dynamics simulations. Full article
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