RNAs in Biology

A special issue of Genes (ISSN 2073-4425). This special issue belongs to the section "RNA".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 May 2024 | Viewed by 2662

Special Issue Editor

1. Department of Biostatistics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
2. Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
3. New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
Interests: bioinformatics; genomics; gene regulation; miRNA; genetic variation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

RNA has played a broad range of roles in cellular processes. These include controlling gene expression, transferring information from genomic DNA to protein molecules, mediating molecular interactions, and catalyzing chemical reactions. In the human genome, tens of thousands of RNA sequences do not translate into proteins but help regulate gene expression at transcriptional and post-transcription levels. Recent advances in genomic technologies have revealed that RNA-based gene regulation by different classes of non-coding RNAs is involved in almost every aspect of biology, including development, disease progression, and pathogenesis.

This Special Issue welcomes reviews and research articles on a broad range of RNA biology. We will consider manuscripts on topics including, but not limited to, studies on the ways RNAs influence gene expression, the characterization of function for different classes of RNAs in cellular development, the role of RNAs in disease, the functions of various types of non-coding RNAs, and especially the identification and characterization of the role of non-coding regulatory RNAs and their regulatory networks. We look forward to your contributions.

Dr. Zihua Hu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Genes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • regulatory RNAs
  • non-coding RNAs
  • RNA in disease and therapy
  • RNA modifications, including editing
  • RNA–RNA interactions, including microRNAs
  • RNA in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation
  • non-coding RNA in epigenetic regulation

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 10313 KiB  
Article
LncRNA NDUFA6-DT: A Comprehensive Analysis of a Potential LncRNA Biomarker and Its Regulatory Mechanisms in Gliomas
by Ruiting Huang, Ying Kong, Zhiqing Luo and Quhuan Li
Genes 2024, 15(4), 483; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15040483 - 11 Apr 2024
Viewed by 558
Abstract
Gliomas are the most prevalent primary malignant tumors affecting the brain, with high recurrence and mortality rates. Accurate diagnoses and effective treatment challenges persist, emphasizing the need for identifying new biomarkers to guide clinical decisions. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) hold potential as diagnostic [...] Read more.
Gliomas are the most prevalent primary malignant tumors affecting the brain, with high recurrence and mortality rates. Accurate diagnoses and effective treatment challenges persist, emphasizing the need for identifying new biomarkers to guide clinical decisions. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) hold potential as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in cancer. However, only a limited subset of lncRNAs in gliomas have been explored. Therefore, this study aims to identify lncRNA signatures applicable to patients with gliomas across all grades and explore their clinical significance and potential biological mechanisms. Data used in this study were obtained from TCGA, CGGA, and GEO datasets to identify key lncRNA signatures in gliomas through differential and survival analyses and machine learning algorithms. We examined their associations with the clinical characteristics, gene mutations, diagnosis, and prognosis of gliomas. Functional enrichment analysis was employed to elucidate the potential biological mechanisms associated with these significant lncRNA signatures. We explored competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks. We found that NDUFA6-DT emerged as a significant lncRNA signature in gliomas, with reduced NDUFA6-DT expression associated with a worse prognosis in gliomas. Nomogram analysis incorporating NDUFA6-DT expression levels exhibited excellent prognostic and predictive capabilities. Functional annotation suggested that NDUFA6-DT might influence immunological responses and synaptic transmission, potentially modifying glioma initiation and progression. The associated ceRNA network revealed the possible presence of the NDUFA6-DT-miR-455-3p-YWHAH/YWHAG axis in low-grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), regulating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and influencing glioma cell survival and apoptosis. We believe that NDUFA6-DT is a novel lncRNA linked to glioma diagnosis and prognosis, potentially becoming a pivotal biomarker for glioma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue RNAs in Biology)
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13 pages, 2000 KiB  
Article
Genome-Wide Analysis on Driver and Passenger RNA Editing Sites Suggests an Underestimation of Adaptive Signals in Insects
by Yuchen Zhang and Yuange Duan
Genes 2023, 14(10), 1951; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14101951 - 17 Oct 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 854
Abstract
Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing leads to a similar effect to A-to-G mutations. RNA editing provides a temporo-spatial flexibility for organisms. Nonsynonymous (Nonsyn) RNA editing in insects is over-represented compared with synonymous (Syn) editing, suggesting adaptive signals of positive selection on Nonsyn editing during [...] Read more.
Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing leads to a similar effect to A-to-G mutations. RNA editing provides a temporo-spatial flexibility for organisms. Nonsynonymous (Nonsyn) RNA editing in insects is over-represented compared with synonymous (Syn) editing, suggesting adaptive signals of positive selection on Nonsyn editing during evolution. We utilized the brain RNA editome of Drosophila melanogaster to systematically study the LD (r2) between editing sites and infer its impact on the adaptive signals of RNA editing. Pairs of editing sites (PESs) were identified from the transcriptome. For CDS PESs of two consecutive editing sites, their occurrence was significantly biased to type-3 PES (Syn-Nonsyn). The haplotype frequency of type-3 PES exhibited a significantly higher abundance of AG than GA, indicating that the rear Nonsyn site is the driver that promotes the editing of the front Syn site (passenger). The exclusion of passenger Syn sites dramatically amplifies the adaptive signal of Nonsyn RNA editing. Our study for the first time quantitatively demonstrates that the linkage between RNA editing events comes from hitchhiking effects and leads to the underestimation of adaptive signals for Nonsyn editing. Our work provides novel insights for studying the evolutionary significance of RNA editing events. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue RNAs in Biology)
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Review

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15 pages, 2005 KiB  
Review
Research Progress of Group II Intron Splicing Factors in Land Plant Mitochondria
by Xiulan Li and Yueshui Jiang
Genes 2024, 15(2), 176; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15020176 - 28 Jan 2024
Viewed by 921
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles that provide energy for the life of cells. Group II introns are usually found in the mitochondrial genes of land plants. Correct splicing of group II introns is critical to mitochondrial gene expression, mitochondrial biological function, and plant growth [...] Read more.
Mitochondria are important organelles that provide energy for the life of cells. Group II introns are usually found in the mitochondrial genes of land plants. Correct splicing of group II introns is critical to mitochondrial gene expression, mitochondrial biological function, and plant growth and development. Ancestral group II introns are self-splicing ribozymes that can catalyze their own removal from pre-RNAs, while group II introns in land plant mitochondria went through degenerations in RNA structures, and thus they lost the ability to self-splice. Instead, splicing of these introns in the mitochondria of land plants is promoted by nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded proteins. Many proteins involved in mitochondrial group II intron splicing have been characterized in land plants to date. Here, we present a summary of research progress on mitochondrial group II intron splicing in land plants, with a major focus on protein splicing factors and their probable functions on the splicing of mitochondrial group II introns. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue RNAs in Biology)
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

1. title: Hypergraph Learning with Restart-based Association Masking and DCE Loss for miRNA-Disease Prediction

Abstract: Accumulating scientific evidence highlights the pivotal role of miRNA-Disease association research in elucidating disease pathogenesis and developing innovative diagnostics . Consequently, accurately identifying disease-associated miRNAs has emerged as a prominent research topic in bioinformatics.Advances in Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have catalyzed methodological breakthroughs in this field.However, existing methods are often affected by data noise and insufficient information utilization, limiting their predictive performance. To address this, we introduce PGCMDA, an innovative hypergraph learning framework that incorporates random walk with restart-based association masking and DCE Loss to infer miRNA-disease associations.PGCMDA starts by constructing multiple homogeneous similarity networks. A novel enhancement of our approach is the introduction of a restart-based random walk association masking strategy. By stochastically masking a subset of association data and integrating it with a GCN enhanced by an attention mechanism, this strategy enables better capture of key information, leading to improved information utilization and reduced impact of noisy data. Next, we build a miRNA-disease heterogeneous hypergraph and employ Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) to facilitate advanced information fusion and knowledge discovery. Lastly, We utilize the DCE Loss function to steer the training of the model, effectively addressing class imbalance and probability distribution discrepancies, thereby optimizing the model’s performance.To evaluate the performance of PGCMDA, comprehensive comparisons were conducted with state-of-the-art methods. Additionally, in-depth case studies on lung cancer and colorectal cancer were performed. The results demonstrate PGCMDA's outstanding performance across various metrics and its exceptional effectiveness in real-world application scenarios, highlighting the advantages and value of this method.

2. title: The evolution of pre-mrna splicing signals and modules across the tree of life.

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