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Geosciences
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Continental Flood Basalt Provinces
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Continental Flood Basalt Provinces

A special issue of Geosciences (ISSN 2076-3263). This special issue belongs to the section "Geochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2023) | Viewed by 3227

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Ciro Cucciniello

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Scienze delle Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse (DiSTAR), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
Interests: continental flood basalt provinces; igneous petrology; igneous geochemistry; alkaline rocks
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Geosciences aims to gather high-quality original research articles and reviews focused on understanding continental flood basalt provinces (CFBPs) from their origin and evolution to environmental impacts. The research presented here will cover topics on magma emplacements, mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry, geochronology, and source characteristics of CFBPs.

Continental flood basalts (CFBs) form part of large igneous provinces (LIPs) and are characterized by exceptionally large volumes of dominantly tholeiitic basalt that are typically emplaced in one main ‘pulse’ over geologically short periods of time. These magmatic events are in contrast to normal plate tectonic activity on Earth. Studies of continental flood basalt genesis have focused on two main issues related to their sources: the role of mantle plumes, and the potential contribution of subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) to the magmatism with or without crustal contamination. Such events have significant implications for our understanding of Earth dynamics and global environmental catastrophes. The mantle-derived magmas, rich in biogeochemically important elements, might be crucial for biota evolution.

I encourage you to send me a short abstract outlining the purpose of the research and the principal results obtained, in order to verify at an early stage if the contribution you intend to submit fits with the objectives of the Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Ciro Cucciniello
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Geosciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • continental flood basalts
  • mineralogy
  • geochemistry
  • geochronology
  • continental breakup
  • mantle plume

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

36 pages, 14223 KiB  
Article
Columbia River Rhyolites: Age-Distribution Patterns and Their Implications for Arrival, Location, and Dispersion of Continental Flood Basalt Magmas in the Crust
by Martin J. Streck, Vanessa M. Swenton, William McIntosh, Mark L. Ferns and Matt Heizler
Geosciences 2023, 13(2), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13020046 - 31 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2447
Abstract
Columbia River province magmatism is now known to include abundant and widespread rhyolite centers even though the view that the earliest rhyolites erupted from the McDermitt Caldera and other nearby volcanic fields along the Oregon–Nevada state border has persisted. Our study covers little-studied [...] Read more.
Columbia River province magmatism is now known to include abundant and widespread rhyolite centers even though the view that the earliest rhyolites erupted from the McDermitt Caldera and other nearby volcanic fields along the Oregon–Nevada state border has persisted. Our study covers little-studied or unknown rhyolite occurrences in eastern Oregon that show a much wider distribution of older centers. With our new data on distribution of rhyolite centers and ages along with literature data, we consider rhyolites spanning from 17.5 to 14.5 Ma of eastern Oregon, northern Nevada, and western Idaho to be a direct response to flood basalts of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) and collectively categorize them as Columbia River Rhyolites. The age distribution patterns of Columbia River Rhyolites have implications for the arrival, location, and dispersion of flood basalt magmas in the crust. We consider the period from 17.5 to 16.4 Ma to be the waxing phase of rhyolite activity and the period from 15.3 to 14.5 Ma to be the waning phase. The largest number of centers was active between 16.3–15.4 Ma. The existence of crustal CRBG magma reservoirs beneath rhyolites seems inevitable, and hence, rhyolites suggest the following. The locations of centers of the waxing phase imply the arrival of CRBG magmas across the distribution area of rhyolites and are thought to correspond to the thermal pulses of arriving Picture Gorge Basalt and Picture-Gorge-Basalt-like magmas of the Imnaha Basalt in the north and to those of Steens Basalt magmas in the south. The earlier main rhyolite activity phase corresponds with Grande Ronde Basalt and evolved Picture Gorge Basalt and Steens Basalt. The later main phase rhyolite activity slightly postdated these basalts but is contemporaneous with icelanditic magmas that evolved from flood basalts. Similarly, centers of the waning phase span the area distribution of earlier phases and are similarly contemporaneous with icelanditic magmas and with other local basalts. These data have a number of implications for long-held notions about flood basalt migration through time and the age-progressive Snake River Plain Yellowstone rhyolite trend. There is no age progression in rhyolite activity from south-to-north, and this places doubt on the postulated south-to-north progression in basalt activity, at least for main-phase CRBG lavas. Furthermore, we suggest that age-progressive rhyolite activity of the Snake River Plain–Yellowstone trend starts at ~12 Ma with activity at the Bruneau Jarbidge center, and early centers along the Oregon–Nevada border, such as McDermitt, belong to the early to main phase rhyolites identified here. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Continental Flood Basalt Provinces)
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