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Drinking and Industrial Water Treatment
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Drinking and Industrial Water Treatment

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 12738

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Andre Lerch

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Chair of Process Engineering in Hydro Systems, Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Technische Universitaet Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
Interests: membrane processes in drinking and process water treatment and waste water treatment; Simulation of treatment processes by applied Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD); industrial water management in the context of Integrated Water, Energy and Resource Management (IWERM); impact of climate change and anthropogenic pollution on water treatment and management

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ensuring a secure supply of clean drinking water and promoting sustainable industrialisation with support of innovative technologies and production methods are objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations, which are also of particular relevance in water management. In the industry, an increasing cost pressure for process and wastewater treatment and disposal of concentrates as well as a potential local or seasonal shortages of water lead to a multiple reuse of water up to “Zero Liquid Discharge” and to the selective and efficient use of energy and resources to remove contaminants. In the field of drinking water management, it becomes apparent that raw water sources, both groundwater and surface water, are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic pollution with plastics and micropollutants, especially persistent mobile and toxic contaminants, and potentially harmful multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes as well as viruses. Climate change, with its decreasing or strongly fluctuating fresh water resources and increasing number of storm events, is continuing to make an impact.

Hence, the development and optimisation of innovative and sustainable processes is of particular importance for the environment and public health. Innovative and sustainable drinking and industrial water treatment processes must target at a sufficient, i.e., almost complete retention of pathogens and micropollutants, sustainable utilisation of the used water resources, process integrated water recycling, retain reusable materials, recycle raw materials by the generally efficient use of water, resources and energy.

We would like to invite you to share your work on the above-mentioned fields in the research and development of drinking and industrial water treatment processes with the scientific community and submit your research and review papers to this Special Issue on “International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.”

Prof. Dr. Andre Lerch
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Antibiotic resistant Bacteria ARB, Antibiotic resistant genes ARG
  • Climate change
  • Drinking water
  • Emerging contaminants
  • Industrial water
  • Microorganisms
  • Microplastic
  • Micropollutants
  • Pathogens
  • Persistent mobile and toxic contaminants PMT
  • Sustainable Development Goals, SDG
  • Virus removal
  • Zero liquid discharge

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2265 KiB  
Article
Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Amidoxime-Modified Polyacrylonitrile/Fly Ash Composite Adsorbent and Its Application to Metal Wastewater Treatment
by Yan Sun, Xiaojun Song, Jing Ma, Haochen Yu, Gangjun Liu and Fu Chen
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(2), 856; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020856 - 13 Jan 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1549
Abstract
The polyacrylonitrile/fly ash composite was synthesized through solution polymerization and was modified with NH2OH·HCl. The amidoxime-modified polyacrylonitrile/fly ash composite demonstrated excellent adsorption capacity for Zn2+ in an aqueous medium. Fourier transform-Infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction, and scanning [...] Read more.
The polyacrylonitrile/fly ash composite was synthesized through solution polymerization and was modified with NH2OH·HCl. The amidoxime-modified polyacrylonitrile/fly ash composite demonstrated excellent adsorption capacity for Zn2+ in an aqueous medium. Fourier transform-Infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the prepared materials. The results showed that the resulting amidoxime-modified polyacrylonitrile/fly ash composite was able to effectively remove Zn2+ at pH 4–6. Adsorption of Zn2+ was hindered by the coexisting cations. The adsorption kinetics of Zn2+ by Zn2+ followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The adsorption process also satisfactorily fit the Langmuir model, and the adsorption process was mainly single layer. The Gibbs free energy ΔG0, ΔH0, and ΔS0 were negative, indicating the adsorption was a spontaneous, exothermic, and high degree of order in solution system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drinking and Industrial Water Treatment)
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12 pages, 4777 KiB  
Article
Trihalomethanes in Water Supply System and Water Distribution Networks
by Sornsiri Sriboonnak, Phacharapol Induvesa, Suraphong Wattanachira, Pharkphum Rakruam, Adisak Siyasukh, Chayakorn Pumas, Aunnop Wongrueng and Eakalak Khan
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(17), 9066; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179066 - 27 Aug 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3149
Abstract
The formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) in natural and treated water from water supply systems is an urgent research area due to the carcinogenic risk they pose. Seasonal effects and pH have captured interest as potential factors affecting THM formation in the water supply [...] Read more.
The formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) in natural and treated water from water supply systems is an urgent research area due to the carcinogenic risk they pose. Seasonal effects and pH have captured interest as potential factors affecting THM formation in the water supply and distribution systems. We investigated THM occurrence in the water supply chain, including raw and treated water from water treatment plants (coagulation, sedimentation, sand filtration, ClO2-disinfection processes, and distribution pipelines) in the Chiang Mai municipality, particularly the educational institute area. The effects of two seasons, rainy (September–November 2019) and dry (December 2019–February 2020), acted as surrogates for the water quality profile and THM occurrence. The results showed that humic acid was the main aromatic and organic compound in all the water samples. In the raw water sample, we found a correlation between surrogate organic compounds, including SUVA and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (R2 = 0.9878). Four species of THMs were detected, including chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform. Chloroform was the dominant species among the THMs. The highest concentration of total THMs was 189.52 μg/L. The concentration of THMs tended to increase after chlorination when chlorine dioxide and organic compounds reacted in water. The effect of pH on the formation of TTHMs was also indicated during the study. TTHM concentrations trended lower with a pH ≤ 7 than with a pH ≥ 8 during the sampling periods. Finally, in terms of health concerns, the concentration of TTHMs was considered safe for consumption because it was below the standard (<1.0) of WHO’s Guideline Values (GVs). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drinking and Industrial Water Treatment)
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17 pages, 1019 KiB  
Article
Fate of Benzophenone, Benzophenone-3 and Caffeine in Lab-Scale Direct River Water Treatment by Hybrid Processes
by Minja Bogunović, Tijana Marjanović and Ivana Ivančev-Tumbas
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(16), 8691; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168691 - 17 Aug 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1860
Abstract
Emerging microcontaminants benzophenone (BP), benzophenone-3 (BP-3) and caffeine (CF) are widely used anthropogenic markers from a group of pharmaceuticals and personal care products. They have different logD values and charges at neutral pH (2.96 neutral for BP; 3.65 negative and neutral for BP-3; [...] Read more.
Emerging microcontaminants benzophenone (BP), benzophenone-3 (BP-3) and caffeine (CF) are widely used anthropogenic markers from a group of pharmaceuticals and personal care products. They have different logD values and charges at neutral pH (2.96 neutral for BP; 3.65 negative and neutral for BP-3; 0.28 and neutral for CF). The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation (C/F/S), adsorption onto two types of powdered activated carbon (PAC)/sedimentation (PAC/S) and the combination of these two processes in different dosing sequences (PAC/C/F/S) and with/without ultrafiltration (powdered activated carbon/ultrafiltration—PAC/UF, coagulation/UF—CoA/UF) for the removal of selected micropollutants from river water. It was shown that the removal efficiency of benzophenones by coagulation depends on the season, while CF was moderately removed (40–70%). The removal of neutral BP by two PACs unexpectedly differed (near 40% and ˃93%), while the removal of BP-3 was excellent (>95%). PACs were not efficient for the removal of hydrophilic CF. Combined PAC/C/F/S yielded excellent removal for BP and BP-3 regardless of PAC type only when the PAC addition was followed by C/F/S, while C/F/S efficiency for CF diminished. The combination of UF with PAC or coagulant showed also high efficacy for benzophenones, but was negligible for CF removal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drinking and Industrial Water Treatment)
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26 pages, 7036 KiB  
Article
Removal of Transition Metals from Contaminated Aquifers by PRB Technology: Performance Comparison among Reactive Materials
by Celia Margarita Mayacela-Rojas, Antonio Molinari, José Luis Cortina, Oriol Gibert, Carlos Ayora, Adalgisa Tavolaro, María Fernanda Rivera-Velásquez and Carmine Fallico
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(11), 6075; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116075 (registering DOI) - 4 Jun 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2516
Abstract
The most common reactive material used for the construction of a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) is zero valent iron (ZVI), however, its processing can generate corrosive effects that reduce the efficiency of the barrier. The present study makes a major contribution to understanding [...] Read more.
The most common reactive material used for the construction of a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) is zero valent iron (ZVI), however, its processing can generate corrosive effects that reduce the efficiency of the barrier. The present study makes a major contribution to understanding new reactive materials as natural and synthetic, easy to obtain, economical and environmentally friendly as possible substitutes for the traditional ZHV to be used as filters in the removal of three transition metals (Zn, Cu, Cd). To assess the ability to remove these pollutants, a series of batch and column tests were carried out at laboratory scale with these materials. Through BACH tests, four of seven substances with a removal percentage higher than 99% were prioritized (cabuya, natural clinoptilolite zeolites, sodium mordenite and mordenite). From this group of substances, column tests were performed where it is evidenced that cabuya fiber presents the lowest absorption time (≈189 h) while natural zeolite mordenite shows the highest time (≈833 h). The latter being the best option for the PRB design. The experimental values were also reproduced by the RETRASO code; through this program, the trend between the observed and simulated values with respect to the best reactive substance was corroborated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drinking and Industrial Water Treatment)
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18 pages, 4079 KiB  
Article
Membrane Distillation for the Production of Pharmaceutical-Grade Water—Investigation into the Application of AGMD and VMD
by Cornelius Nellessen, Thomas Klein, Hans-Jürgen Rapp and Frank Rögener
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(11), 6058; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116058 (registering DOI) - 4 Jun 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2713
Abstract
The production of pharmaceutical ingredients, intermediates and final products strongly depends on the utilization of water. Water is also required for the purification and preparation of reagents. Each specific application determines the respective water quality. In the European Union, the European Pharmacopeia (Ph. [...] Read more.
The production of pharmaceutical ingredients, intermediates and final products strongly depends on the utilization of water. Water is also required for the purification and preparation of reagents. Each specific application determines the respective water quality. In the European Union, the European Pharmacopeia (Ph. Eur.) contains the official standards that assure quality control of pharmaceutical products during their life cycle. According to this, the production of water for pharmaceutical use is mainly based on multi-stage distillation and membrane processes, especially, reverse osmosis. Membrane distillation (MD) could be an alternative process to these classical methods. It offers advantages in terms of energy demand and a compact apparatus design. In the following study, the preparation of pharmaceutical-grade water from tap water in a one-step process using MD is presented. Special emphasis is placed on the performance of two different module designs and on the selection of optimum process parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drinking and Industrial Water Treatment)
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