International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Editorial

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3 pages, 257 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Global Community Child Health

by Matthew Ellis and Puspa Raj Pant

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(9), 3331; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093331 - 11 May 2020

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3092

Abstract

This special issue of IJERPH has published a range of studies in this developing field of Global Community Child Health research. A number of manuscripts submitted in response to our invitation describing ‘community-based interventions which impact on child health and wellbeing around the [...] Read more.

This special issue of IJERPH has published a range of studies in this developing field of Global Community Child Health research. A number of manuscripts submitted in response to our invitation describing ‘community-based interventions which impact on child health and wellbeing around the globe. In addition to rural community-based initiatives given that most children now live in cities we are also interested to hear about urban initiatives….’ We hope this issue will of great interest to the researchers and practitioners as well as academia from the fields of Global Health as well as Global Child Health because it comprised of 14 articles representing all five continents. Physical activity appears a key component of the scientific community’s current conception of child well-being judging from the four papers published addressing this area. This issue also has papers on childhood obesity to rubella vaccination. Despite of the journal’s strive for reaching out to a wider global child health community, this issue missed contributions relating to child safeguarding and social determinants of urban health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Community Child Health)

Research

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15 pages, 797 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Goal-Framing and Temporal-Framing: Effects on the Acceptance of Childhood Simple Obesity Prevention Messages among Preschool Children’s Caregivers in China

by Qingmao Rao, Li Bai, Yalan LV, Abu Saleh Abdullah, Ian Brooks, Yunjie Xie, Yong Zhao and Xiaorong Hou

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(3), 770; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030770 - 26 Jan 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3233

Abstract

A range of intervention models are available for childhood obesity prevention; however, few studies have examined the effectiveness of intervention messages. This study developed childhood simple obesity prevention messages on the basis of goal-framing and temporal-framing effects to improve message acceptance among the [...] Read more.

A range of intervention models are available for childhood obesity prevention; however, few studies have examined the effectiveness of intervention messages. This study developed childhood simple obesity prevention messages on the basis of goal-framing and temporal-framing effects to improve message acceptance among the caregivers of preschool children and explored associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 592 caregivers of preschool children in urban kindergartens in China during March to April 2019. The framing messages were developed based on prospect theory and construal level theory. The majority (48.4%) of caregivers found the gain-framed, present-oriented message most salient for acceptance. We found that gender, education background, theme, and the use of negative words have impacts on goal-framing effects; and previous participation in a health related intervention, career category, and the theme have impacts on temporal-framing effects (p < 0.001). Goal-framing effects and temporal-framing effects can influence each other (p < 0.001). The findings suggest that the gain-framed, present-oriented message could be considered a strategy to improve the acceptance of information by caregivers. When framing a message, subtle differences like using negative words might affect the exertion of framing effects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Community Child Health)

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11 pages, 1282 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sociodemographic Characteristics of Traditional Healers and Their Knowledge of Noma: A Descriptive Survey in Three Regions of Mali

by Denise Baratti-Mayer, Moussa Baba Daou, Angèle Gayet-Ageron, Emilien Jeannot and Brigitte Pittet-Cuénod

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(22), 4587; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224587 - 19 Nov 2019

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3827

Abstract

Background: Noma can be a lethal disease and causes disfigurement in young children in low-resource countries, particularly in Africa. In these settings, 80% of the population mainly consult traditional healers for healthcare problems. Our study aimed to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of [...] Read more.

Background: Noma can be a lethal disease and causes disfigurement in young children in low-resource countries, particularly in Africa. In these settings, 80% of the population mainly consult traditional healers for healthcare problems. Our study aimed to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of traditional healers and to assess their knowledge of noma. Methods: We conducted a survey among traditional healers in three Malian regions from May 2015 to January 2016 and collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, professional activity, knowledge, and experience of noma and collaboration with modern medicine. Results: Among 770 traditional healers invited to participate, 732 responded (95%) (mean age, 54.5 years). Most were illiterate (66.3%), which was associated with older age (p < 0.001). Although they treated all types of disease, only 10.5% had some knowledge of noma, with regional differences (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Noma is poorly known among traditional healers, especially in remote areas. Our findings suggest a lack of interest among young people for traditional medicine, implying an imminent decrease of healers, and thus the need for national health systems to strengthen and promote access to modern health care. Training programmes to improve the early diagnosis referral of noma patients should include all types of primary health workers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Community Child Health)

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10 pages, 301 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Engagement of Fathers in Parent Group Interventions for Children with Congenital Zika Syndrome: A Qualitative Study

by Tracey Smythe, Antony Duttine, Ana Carolina Dias Vieira, Barbara da Silveira Madeira de Castro and Hannah Kuper

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(20), 3862; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203862 - 12 Oct 2019

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3407

Abstract

We aimed to explore the engagement of fathers in a community-based group intervention (Juntos) for children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and their caregivers in Brazil. Six Juntos groups were facilitated from August 2017 to May 2018. We conducted a qualitative study to [...] Read more.

We aimed to explore the engagement of fathers in a community-based group intervention (Juntos) for children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and their caregivers in Brazil. Six Juntos groups were facilitated from August 2017 to May 2018. We conducted a qualitative study to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention for fathers of children with CZS. Methods included participant observation, focus group discussions, and semi-structured interviews of fathers with a child enrolled in the program. Data collected were transcribed, coded and thematically analyzed to explore father preference for, and beliefs about the intervention and to assess potential barriers and enablers to their involvement. Forty-nine families (61 participants) enrolled, of whom 20% (12/61) were fathers. Seven (58%) fathers attended more than 7 out of 10 sessions. The content of Juntos was found to be acceptable to those fathers who attended. Participation in the group offered fathers the opportunity to share experiences of caring for their child and demonstrate their importance as care agents. Work commitments, and the view of mothers as primary caregivers were barriers to engagement of fathers. Facilitators to engagement included a presentation of clear objectives for fathers’ involvement and the opportunity to learn a practical skill related to caring for their child. A better understanding of the perspectives of fathers is crucial to help increase their involvement in parenting interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Community Child Health)

12 pages, 1253 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bacterial Contamination of Children’s Toys in Rural Day Care Centres and Households in South Africa

by Solanka Ellen Ledwaba, Piet Becker, Afsatou Traore-Hoffman and Natasha Potgieter

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(16), 2900; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162900 - 13 Aug 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3590

Abstract

Background: Young children exhibit a high susceptibility to several diarrhoea-causing bacterial microorganisms. In this study, the prevalence of fecal contamination on children’s toys was determined using total coliform and E. coli as bacterial fecal indicators. The prevalence of diarrhoeagenic E. coli strains were [...] Read more.

Background: Young children exhibit a high susceptibility to several diarrhoea-causing bacterial microorganisms. In this study, the prevalence of fecal contamination on children’s toys was determined using total coliform and E. coli as bacterial fecal indicators. The prevalence of diarrhoeagenic E. coli strains were used as an indication of the potential health risks. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out for 3 months in rural communities in the Vhembe district, Limpopo province of South Africa. Nonporous plastic toys (n = 137) used by children under 5 years of age in households and day care centres (DCCs) from rural villages were collected for assessment. New toys (n = 109) were provided to the households and DCCs and collected again after 4 weeks. Microbiological assessment was carried out using the Colilert^® Quanti-Tray/2000 system. Diarrhoeagenic E. coli strains were identified using a published multiplex PCR protocol. Results: Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) conditions of the children in the households and DCCs were assessed. Statistical analysis was used to identify the relationship between fecal contamination of the existing and introduced toys. All the existing and introduced toy samples, both from DCCs and households, tested positive for total coliform counts and 61 existing and introduced toy samples tested positive for E. coli counts. Diarrhoeagenic E. coli strains identified included EHEC, ETEC, EPEC, EIEC and EAEC. Conclusions: The results indicated that water, sanitation and hygiene conditions could be responsible in the contamination of children’s toys and the transmission of diarrhoea to young children. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Community Child Health)

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13 pages, 302 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physical Activity and Quality of Life of Healthy Children and Patients with Hematological Cancers

by Aleksandra Kowaluk, Marek Woźniewski and Iwona Malicka

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(15), 2776; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152776 - 3 Aug 2019

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3493

Abstract

The aim was to assess the level of physical activity and the quality of life of children undergoing cancer treatment, during and after the completion of the treatment. Eighty-eight children aged 11–15 were enrolled. Three groups of children were assessed, i.e., children undergoing [...] Read more.

The aim was to assess the level of physical activity and the quality of life of children undergoing cancer treatment, during and after the completion of the treatment. Eighty-eight children aged 11–15 were enrolled. Three groups of children were assessed, i.e., children undergoing cancer treatment (n = 30), children after cancer treatment (n = 28), and healthy children (n = 30). The level of physical activity in children was assessed using the questions from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) questionnaire. The assessment of children’s quality of life was conducted using the KIDSCREEN-10 Index. The chi-square test was used to assess the statistical significance of the differences in the results between the study groups in the case of both HBSC and KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaires. Children undergoing cancer treatment did not perform any physical activity of at least 60 min (in total) per day, during the week. Therefore, they did not meet the recommendations related to the appropriate level of daily physical activity (Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity; MVPA). Children after cancer treatment and healthy children significantly more frequently undertook physical activity. The quality of life of children with cancer is significantly lower and different from the quality of life of healthy children. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Community Child Health)

21 pages, 1997 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Risk Factors Associated with Feeding Children under 2 Years in Rural Malawi—A Formative Study

by Kondwani Chidziwisano, Elizabeth Tilley, Rossanie Malolo, Save Kumwenda, Janelisa Musaya and Tracy Morse

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(12), 2146; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122146 - 17 Jun 2019

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4431

Abstract

Diarrhoeal disease remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the under-five population, particularly in low income settings such as sub-Saharan Africa. Despite significant progress in sanitation and water access, faecal-oral infections persist in these populations. Therefore, a better understanding [...] Read more.

Diarrhoeal disease remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the under-five population, particularly in low income settings such as sub-Saharan Africa. Despite significant progress in sanitation and water access, faecal-oral infections persist in these populations. Therefore, a better understanding of these transmission pathways, and how potential risk factors can be reduced within low income contexts is needed. This study, conducted in Southern Malawi from June to October 2017, used a mixed methods approach to collect data from household surveys (n = 323), checklists (n = 31), structured observations (n = 80), and microbiological food samples (n = 20). Results showed that food prepared for immediate consumption (primarily porridge for children) posed a low health risk. Poor hygiene practices increased the risk of contamination from shared family meals. Faecal and Staphylococcal bacteria were associated with poor hand hygiene and unhygienic eating conditions. Leftover food storage and inadequate pre-consumption heating increased the risk of contamination. Improvements in food hygiene and hand hygiene practices at critical points could reduce the risk of diarrhoeal disease for children under 2 years but must consider the contextual structural barriers to improved practice like access to handwashing facilities, soap, food and water storage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Community Child Health)

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16 pages, 1196 KiB

Open AccessArticle

International Comparison of the Levels and Potential Correlates of Objectively Measured Sedentary Time and Physical Activity among Three-to-Four-Year-Old Children

by Kaiseree I Dias, James White, Russell Jago, Greet Cardon, Rachel Davey, Kathleen F Janz, Russell R Pate, Jardena J Puder, John J Reilly and Ruth Kipping

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(11), 1929; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111929 - 31 May 2019

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4975

Abstract

Physical activity (PA) patterns track from childhood through to adulthood. The study aimed to determine the levels and correlates of sedentary time (ST), total PA (TPA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) in preschool-aged children. We conducted cross-sectional analyses of 1052 children aged three-to-four-years-old from [...] Read more.

Physical activity (PA) patterns track from childhood through to adulthood. The study aimed to determine the levels and correlates of sedentary time (ST), total PA (TPA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) in preschool-aged children. We conducted cross-sectional analyses of 1052 children aged three-to-four-years-old from six studies included in the International Children’s Accelerometry Database. Multilevel linear regression models adjusting for age, gender, season, minutes of wear time, and study clustering effects were used to estimate associations between age, gender, country, season, ethnicity, parental education, day of the week, time of sunrise, time of sunset, and hours of daylight and the daily minutes spent in ST, TPA, and MVPA. Across the UK, Switzerland, Belgium, and the USA, children in our analysis sample spent 490 min in ST per day and 30.0% and 21.2% of children did not engage in recommended daily TPA (≥180 min) and MVPA (≥60 min) guidelines. There was evidence for an association between all 10 potential correlates analyzed and at least one of the outcome variables; average daily minutes spent in ST, TPA and/or MVPA. These correlates can inform the design of public health interventions internationally to decrease ST and increase PA in preschoolers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Community Child Health)

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10 pages, 1025 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Awareness and Factors Associated with Health Care Worker’s Knowledge on Rubella Infection: A Study after the Introduction of Rubella Vaccine in Tanzania

by Nikolas A.S. Chotta, Melina Mgongo, Jacqueline G. Uriyo, Sia E. Msuya, Babill Stray-Pedersen and Arne Stray-Pedersen

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(10), 1676; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101676 - 14 May 2019

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3489

Abstract

Background Congenital rubella syndrome is a global health problem. The incidence is much higher in Africa and Southeast Asia than the rest of the world, especially in countries where universal rubella vaccination has not been implemented. Healthcare worker’s knowledge on rubella infection and [...] Read more.

Background Congenital rubella syndrome is a global health problem. The incidence is much higher in Africa and Southeast Asia than the rest of the world, especially in countries where universal rubella vaccination has not been implemented. Healthcare worker’s knowledge on rubella infection and the rubella vaccine is of utmost importance in achieving and maintaining vaccination coverage targets. This study aimed to assess health care workers knowledge on rubella infection in Kilimanjaro Tanzania, after the introduction of a rubella vaccination. Methods This was a health facility-based cross sectional study. It was conducted in three districts of the Kilimanjaro region between August and October 2016. The study involved eligible health care workers in selected health facilities. An interview guide was used for collecting information by face-to-face interviews. Multivariate analysis was used to assess factors associated with rubella knowledge among healthcare workers. Results A total of 126 health care workers were interviewed. An acceptable level of knowledge was considered if all five questions about rubella were correctly answered. Only 26.4% (n = 31) answered all questions correctly. In multivariate analysis education level and working department were predictors of rubella knowledge; health care workers with an advanced diploma had an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 7.7 (95% Confidence interval; CI: 1.4, 41.0), those with a university degree (AOR: 10; 95% CI: 2.4; 42.5) and health care workers in the outpatient department (AOR: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.04; 0.29). Conclusions Our study confirmed that health care worker’s knowledge on rubella infection was low in the areas where rubella vaccination had been introduced. We recommend continuous education and supportive supervision post vaccine introduction in order to increase healthcare worker’s knowledge on rubella infection, congenital rubella syndrome and prevention through sustained high vaccination coverage. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Community Child Health)

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8 pages, 291 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of OM-85 Given during Two Consecutive Years to Children with a History of Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections: A Retrospective Study

by Susanna Esposito, Sonia Bianchini, Ilaria Polinori and Nicola Principi

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(6), 1065; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16061065 - 25 Mar 2019

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 5190

Abstract

In otherwise healthy infants and young children, respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are extremely common. Clinical data have shown that OM-85 could prevent respiratory recurrences in children. However, further studies are needed to explore the true importance of OM-85 in clinical practice. In addition, [...] Read more.

In otherwise healthy infants and young children, respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are extremely common. Clinical data have shown that OM-85 could prevent respiratory recurrences in children. However, further studies are needed to explore the true importance of OM-85 in clinical practice. In addition, an unsolved problem is the efficacy of OM-85 when it is administered for two consecutive years. Moreover, another open question is the safety of OM-85 when co-administered with the influenza vaccine. In order to solve these unanswered issues, 200 children aged three to six years with a history of recurrent RTIs, defined as at least six documented episodes of acute RTI in a single year, who had received OM-85 (Broncho-Vaxom^®; OM Pharma, a Vifor Pharma Group Company, Geneva, Switzerland) for two consecutive years (3.5 mg once a day for 10 days for 3 months of each year) were selected and matched based on age, sex, and period of evaluation with children with recurrent RTIs who did not receive OM-85. In the group of children treated with OM-85, the number of patients who did not experience any new episode of RTI, as well as the number of RTIs, wheezing episodes, medical visits, and prescribed antibiotic courses, were significantly lower than that in the group not treated with OM-85. The results were similar in the first and second year of OM-85 administration. A minority of patients showed mild adverse events, and the safety profile was overall good, including in the 49 children who received the influenza vaccination within one month from the beginning of the first cycle of OM-85. Our data suggest that OM-85 can effectively and safely reduce the risk of new infective episodes in children with recurrent RTIs and that a second yearly course of lysate administration can be useful to maintain protection, particularly when the diagnosis of recurrent RTIs is made in younger children for whom it is likely that definitive maturation of the immune system still requires a long time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Community Child Health)

8 pages, 524 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Urinary Pesticide Levels in Children and Adolescents Residing in Two Agricultural Communities in Mexico

by Erick Sierra-Diaz, Alfredo de Jesus Celis-de la Rosa, Felipe Lozano-Kasten, Leonardo Trasande, Alejandro Aarón Peregrina-Lucano, Elena Sandoval-Pinto and Humberto Gonzalez-Chavez

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(4), 562; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040562 - 15 Feb 2019

Cited by 53 | Viewed by 6343

Abstract

The use of pesticides in agricultural activities has increased significantly during the last decades. Several studies have reported the health damage that results from exposure to pesticides. In Mexico, hundreds of communities depend economically on agricultural activities. The participation of minors in this [...] Read more.

The use of pesticides in agricultural activities has increased significantly during the last decades. Several studies have reported the health damage that results from exposure to pesticides. In Mexico, hundreds of communities depend economically on agricultural activities. The participation of minors in this type of activity and their exposure to pesticides represents a potential public health problem. A cross-sectional study was conducted, in which urine samples (first-morning urine) were taken from children under 15 years of age in both communities. A total of 281 urine samples obtained in both communities were processed for the determination of pesticides with high-performance liquid chromatography together with tandem mass spectrometry. In 100% of the samples, at least two pesticides of the 17 reported in the total samples were detected. The presence of malathion, metoxuron, and glyphosate was remarkable in more than 70% of the cases. Substantial differences were detected regarding the other compounds. It is necessary to carry out long-term studies to determine the damage to health resulting from this constant exposure and to inform the health authorities about the problem in order to implement preventive measures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Community Child Health)

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16 pages, 3801 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of a Multidimensional Physical Activity Intervention on Body Mass Index, Skinfolds and Fitness in South African Children: Results from a Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial

by Ivan Müller, Christian Schindler, Larissa Adams, Katharina Endes, Stefanie Gall, Markus Gerber, Nan S. N. Htun, Siphesihle Nqweniso, Nandi Joubert, Nicole Probst-Hensch, Rosa du Randt, Harald Seelig, Danielle Smith, Peter Steinmann, Jürg Utzinger, Peiling Yap, Cheryl Walter and Uwe Pühse

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(2), 232; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020232 - 15 Jan 2019

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 29182

Abstract

Obesity-related conditions impose a considerable and growing burden on low- and middle-income countries, including South Africa. We aimed to assess the effect of twice a 10-week multidimensional, school-based physical activity intervention on children’s health in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. A cluster-randomised controlled trial [...] Read more.

Obesity-related conditions impose a considerable and growing burden on low- and middle-income countries, including South Africa. We aimed to assess the effect of twice a 10-week multidimensional, school-based physical activity intervention on children’s health in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. A cluster-randomised controlled trial was implemented from February 2015 to May 2016 in grade 4 classes in eight disadvantaged primary schools. Interventions consisted of physical education lessons, moving-to-music classes, in-class activity breaks and school infrastructure enhancement to promote physical activity. Primary outcomes included cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index (BMI) and skinfold thickness. Explanatory variables were socioeconomic status, self-reported physical activity, stunting, anaemia and parasite infections. Complete data were available from 746 children. A significantly lower increase in the mean BMI Z-score (estimate of difference in mean change: −0.17; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.24 to −0.09; p < 0.001) and reduced increase in the mean skinfold thickness (difference in mean change: −1.06; 95% CI: −1.83 to −0.29; p = 0.007) was observed in intervention schools. No significant group difference occurred in the mean change of cardiorespiratory fitness (p > 0.05). These findings show that a multidimensional, school-based physical activity intervention can reduce the increase in specific cardiovascular risk factors. However, a longer and more intensive intervention might be necessary to improve cardiorespiratory fitness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Community Child Health)

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Review

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9 pages, 294 KiB

Open AccessReview

Early Intervention for Children at High Risk of Developmental Disability in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Narrative Review

by Maya Kohli-Lynch, Cally J. Tann and Matthew E. Ellis

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(22), 4449; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224449 - 13 Nov 2019

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 5540

Abstract

In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), while neonatal mortality has fallen, the number of children under five with developmental disability remains unchanged. The first thousand days are a critical window for brain development, when interventions are particularly effective. Early Childhood Interventions (ECI) are [...] Read more.

In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), while neonatal mortality has fallen, the number of children under five with developmental disability remains unchanged. The first thousand days are a critical window for brain development, when interventions are particularly effective. Early Childhood Interventions (ECI) are supported by scientific, human rights, human capital and programmatic rationales. In high-income countries, it is recommended that ECI for high-risk infants start in the neonatal period, and specialised interventions for children with developmental disabilities as early as three months of age; more data is needed on the timing of ECI in LMICs. Emerging evidence supports community-based ECI which focus on peer support, responsive caregiving and preventing secondary morbidities. A combination of individual home visits and community-based groups are likely the best strategy for the delivery of ECI, but more evidence is needed to form strong recommendations, particularly on the dosage of interventions. More data on content, impact and implementation of ECI in LMICs for high-risk infants are urgently needed. The development of ECI for high-risk groups will build on universal early child development best practice but will likely require tailoring to local contexts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Community Child Health)

Other

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11 pages, 2192 KiB

Open AccessPerspective

Strengthening Health Systems to Support Children with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities in Fiji—A Commentary

by Sue Woolfenden, Kate Milner, Kali Tora, Kelera Naulumatua, Reapi Mataika, Fleur Smith, Raghu Lingam, Joseph Kado and Ilisapeci Tuibeqa

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(3), 972; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030972 - 4 Feb 2020

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4587

Abstract

Supporting children with neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDDs) is recognized as an increasing priority in Fiji, a middle-income Pacific Island country. Our objective was to describe our approach to developing a model of care and strengthening local leadership in developmental paediatrics in Fiji to ensure [...] Read more.

Supporting children with neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDDs) is recognized as an increasing priority in Fiji, a middle-income Pacific Island country. Our objective was to describe our approach to developing a model of care and strengthening local leadership in developmental paediatrics in Fiji to ensure high-quality identification, assessment and management of children with NDDs. Paediatric staff at Colonial War Memorial (CWM) Hospital in Suva have worked in partnership with Australian paediatricians to develop the model of care. The platform of continuing medical education during biannual 3 to 4 days of clinic-based teaching with visiting developmental paediatricians from Australia has been used. Since 2010, there have been 15 local and regional paediatric trainees trained. Since 2015, our two local lead paediatric trainees have run a weekly local developmental clinic. In total, 370 children aged 0 to 18 with NDDs have been comprehensively assessed with a detailed history and standardised tools. The model is extending to two divisional hospitals. Research engagement with the team is resulting in the development of a local evidence base. Local, regional and international leadership and collaboration has resulted in increased capacity in the Fijian health system to support children with NDDs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Community Child Health)

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1 pages, 254 KiB

Open AccessErratum

Erratum: Sierra-Diaz, E.; Celis-de la Rosa, A.J.; Lozano-Kasten, F.; Trasande, L.; Peregrina-Lucano, A.A.; Sandoval-Pinto, E.; Gonzalez-Chavez, H. Urinary Pesticide Levels in Children and Adolescents Residing in Two Agricultural Communities in Mexico. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 562

by Erick Sierra-Diaz, Alfredo de Jesus Celis-de la Rosa, Felipe Lozano-Kasten, Leonardo Trasande, Alejandro Aarón Peregrina-Lucano, Elena Sandoval-Pinto and Humberto Gonzalez-Chavez

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(1), 159; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010159 - 24 Dec 2019

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2098

Abstract

The authors would like to update some important data in the manuscript [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Community Child Health)

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