International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Research

11 pages, 369 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ability of the Sport Education Model to Promote Healthy Lifestyles in University Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial

by Chun-Chin Liao, Chien-Huei Hsu, Kuei-Pin Kuo, Yu-Jy Luo and Chun-Chieh Kao

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 2174; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032174 - 25 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3241

Abstract

Although studies on sports performance, leadership abilities, group cohesion, and learning motivation have revealed that the sport education model contributes considerably to the development of healthy lifestyles, few studies have explored the development of healthy lifestyles from an educational intervention perspective. This study [...] Read more.

Although studies on sports performance, leadership abilities, group cohesion, and learning motivation have revealed that the sport education model contributes considerably to the development of healthy lifestyles, few studies have explored the development of healthy lifestyles from an educational intervention perspective. This study fills this gap in the literature. In addition, studies have mostly recruited elementary or middle school students; few have explored the effectiveness of sport education for college students. To fill this gap, this study conducted quasi-experimental research on university students by using different teaching strategies, with healthy lifestyles as the dependent variable. The research participants consisted of 95 students from Ming Chuang University distributed to an experimental group or control group. The experimental group was taught using the sport education model; the control group was taught using direct instruction. The results indicate that the sport education model has a stronger ability to promote healthy lifestyles than conventional teaching. Additionally, the results suggest that teachers should apply specific teaching strategies to cultivate and reinforce exercise habits and healthy behaviors among students. On the basis of the results, the researchers suggest that physical education teachers establish effective teaching strategies and promote healthy lifestyles to students. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 2nd Edition: Management and Promotion of Healthy Habits and Active Life)

12 pages, 763 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How Can We Improve Running Events? The IPA4RE Questionnaire and Its Potential Impact on the Experience of Runners

by Jairo León-Quismondo, José Bonal, Pablo Burillo and Álvaro Fernández-Luna

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 1703; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031703 - 17 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1898

Abstract

The benefits that a positive running experience provides to individuals have been broadly studied by the scientific community, with the finding that running sport events are a facilitating tool to attract more individuals into physical activity. This study focuses on a sport management [...] Read more.

The benefits that a positive running experience provides to individuals have been broadly studied by the scientific community, with the finding that running sport events are a facilitating tool to attract more individuals into physical activity. This study focuses on a sport management approach to improve the quality and organizational efficiency of running sports events so that a better experience for runners can be provided. The methods of this research consist of the validation of a new questionnaire called ‘The IPA4RE questionnaire’. Furthermore, an IPA analysis for a specific event was carried out. As our main findings, the most valued aspects perceived by consumers are the event atmosphere, security, event route, and convenience of bib collection and event day information. In conclusion, the IPA4RE can be used as a management tool by running event organizers to make more efficient use of their resources and provide a better experience to participants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 2nd Edition: Management and Promotion of Healthy Habits and Active Life)

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13 pages, 918 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Understanding the Predictors of Economic Politics on Elite Sport: A Case Study from Spain

by Jordi Seguí-Urbaneja, David Cabello-Manrique, Juan Carlos Guevara-Pérez and Esther Puga-González

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12401; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912401 - 29 Sep 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1967

Abstract

Sport federations (NSFs) are the main promoters of sport at a national level. Their complex management involves coordinating relations with private entities, public administrations, and international organisations. Therefore, the economic situation of a country and its sport support policies have significant influences on [...] Read more.

Sport federations (NSFs) are the main promoters of sport at a national level. Their complex management involves coordinating relations with private entities, public administrations, and international organisations. Therefore, the economic situation of a country and its sport support policies have significant influences on the achievement of the NSFs’ objectives and, therefore, on their sustainability and influence on an active population. This study analyses the determinants of the financial performance of 59 Spanish sport federations (SSFs), 28 Olympic and 31 non-Olympic, based on the relationship between the funding received and their international results during the period from 2007 to 2019 (both years included). The preliminary data analysis included an examination of the missing data, and a t-test was used to compare Olympic and non-Olympic sport federations regarding different variables related to their resources and results. In addition, multiple linear regressions identified the possible predictors of the financing of sport federations and were separately performed for Olympic and non-Olympic federations. The results showed that SSFs were able to maintain their results in the face of decreasing resources. In addition, Olympic SSFs were found to be less dependent on public funding than non-Olympic SSFs for competitive results. This is evidence of a paradigm shift in the management of Spanish federated sports, evolving towards a model that is less dependent on the state, more efficient, and therefore more sustainable. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 2nd Edition: Management and Promotion of Healthy Habits and Active Life)

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7 pages, 334 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relationship between Asymmetry Indices, Anthropometric Parameters, and Physical Fitness in Obese and Non-Obese High School Students

by Monoem Haddad, Zied Abbes, Rony Ibrahim, Zlatan Aganovic, Khalid Bibi and Johnny Padulo

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(17), 10533; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710533 - 24 Aug 2022

Viewed by 1589

Abstract

Impaired balance is associated with an increased risk of lower extremity injuries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between age, anthropometric measurement, and asymmetry index (AI) in an adolescent high school population. Twenty-six male students (15 ± 1.0 years) [...] Read more.

Impaired balance is associated with an increased risk of lower extremity injuries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between age, anthropometric measurement, and asymmetry index (AI) in an adolescent high school population. Twenty-six male students (15 ± 1.0 years) were randomly selected. Body composition, measurements of vertical jump height using a countermovement jump test (CMJ), and dynamic single stance balance using the Y-balance test (YBT), were collected over 4 weeks. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were used as dimension reduction techniques in four different blocks to determine valid predictors for AIs. In the first regression analysis, controlling for age, body mass, height, and body mass index (BMI), the regression coefficient (B = 0.383, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.088, 0.679], p < 0.05) associated with body fat indicated that with each additional unit of body fat, the YBT AI increased by 0.383 units. In the second regression analysis, controlling for age, body mass, and BMI, the regression coefficients associated with height (B = −1.692, 95% CI [−3.115, −0.269], p < 0.05] and body fat percentage (B = 0.529, 95% CI [0.075, 0.983], p < 0.05) indicated that with each additional unit of height or body fat percentage, the CMJ AI decreased by 1.692 units and increased by 0.529 units. Grouping participants based on body fat percentage had a significant effect on the AIs (p < 0.05) of the CMJ and YBT. The AI of the CMJ was 15% higher, and that of the YBT was 7% higher in non-obese students than obese students. These findings contribute to the knowledge of the local community and the emerging body of literature on motor skills and competence related to weight in this population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 2nd Edition: Management and Promotion of Healthy Habits and Active Life)

15 pages, 381 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experiences of Health-Promoting Activities among Individuals with Knee Pain: The Halland Osteoarthritis Cohort

by Charlotte Sylwander, Evelina Sunesson, Maria L. E. Andersson, Emma Haglund and Ingrid Larsson

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(17), 10529; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710529 - 24 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1935

Abstract

Knee pain is an early sign of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and a risk factor for chronic widespread pain (CWP). Early prevention is vital, and more research is needed to understand health-promoting activities for individuals with knee pain from a patient perspective. This study [...] Read more.

Knee pain is an early sign of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and a risk factor for chronic widespread pain (CWP). Early prevention is vital, and more research is needed to understand health-promoting activities for individuals with knee pain from a patient perspective. This study aimed to explore how individuals with knee pain experienced health-promoting activities. Explorative qualitative design with inductive approach was applied to explore the experiences of 22 individuals (13 women, 9 men; median age: 52). Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed using latent qualitative content analysis. The results revealed health-promoting activities in individuals with knee pain and were interpreted in the overall theme, striving for balance in everyday life. Two categories explored the content in health-promoting activities: (1) Caring for the body—being physically active, having a healthy diet, and utilising support; and (2) Managing life stressors—allowing for recovery, promoting vitality, and safeguarding healthy relationships. In conclusion, individuals with knee pain described various health-promoting activities. They strived for balance in everyday life by caring for the body and managing life stressors. We suggest that a broader approach to everyday life can be helpful in treatment plans and health promotion to manage and prevent KOA and CWP, while striving for a healthy lifestyle. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 2nd Edition: Management and Promotion of Healthy Habits and Active Life)

13 pages, 368 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and Perceived Mental and Physical Health of People Living with Non-Communicable Diseases: An International Cross-Sectional Survey

by Salma Azzouzi, Catherine Stratton, Laura Paulina Muñoz-Velasco, Kangxin Wang, Maryam Fourtassi, Bo-Young Hong, Rory Cooper, Joseph K. Balikuddembe, Angela Palomba, Mark Peterson, Uma Pandiyan, Andrei Krassioukov, Deo Rishi Tripathi, Yetsa A. Tuakli-Wosornu and Abderrazak Hajjioui

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(13), 8023; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138023 - 30 Jun 2022

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 3898

Abstract

The huge burden and vulnerability imposed by non-communicable diseases (NCDs) during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted how healthy lifestyle behaviors and the well-being of people living with NCDs need to be prioritized. The aim of our study is to better understand the impact of [...] Read more.

The huge burden and vulnerability imposed by non-communicable diseases (NCDs) during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted how healthy lifestyle behaviors and the well-being of people living with NCDs need to be prioritized. The aim of our study is to better understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthy lifestyle behaviors and perceived mental and physical health among adults living with NCDs, as compared to people without NCDs. We conducted a cross-sectional study using a global online survey through Qualtrics. Over four months, 3550 participants from 65 countries worldwide responded to the survey. The study included 3079 surveys with no missing data (complete survey responses) that were used for analysis. People with NCDs were more likely to report statistically significant worsening physical health (p = 0.001) and statistically insignificant worsening mental health (p = 0.354) when compared to pre-pandemic levels. They reported lower rates of smoking during the pandemic than those without NCDs, and a statistically significant (p < 0.001) relationship was found between weight gain and NCDs. Therefore, the perceived physical and mental health, including changes in body weight and tobacco consumption, of people with NCDs were significantly impacted during the pandemic. In conclusion, this study indicates that the pandemic had a significant impact on perceived physical and mental health, changes in body weight, and tobacco consumption among people with NCDs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 2nd Edition: Management and Promotion of Healthy Habits and Active Life)

10 pages, 539 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Subjective Health Perception on Health Behavior and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Patients with Prediabetes and Diabetes

by Sungjung Kwak, Yoonmi Lee, Seunghui Baek and Jieun Shin

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(13), 7900; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137900 - 28 Jun 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2855

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to confirm the health behavior performance rate and cardiovascular disease-related indicators according to the subjective health perception of prediabetic and diabetic patients using the 2016–2019 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. This study classified hemoglobin [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study is to confirm the health behavior performance rate and cardiovascular disease-related indicators according to the subjective health perception of prediabetic and diabetic patients using the 2016–2019 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. This study classified hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5% as diabetes and 5.7–6.4% prediabetes among 2485 adults over 40 years of age among the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In addition, subjective health perception was divided into ‘good’ and ‘bad’ and then cross-classified into four groups (Good/PDM, Bad/PDM, Good/DM, and Bad/DM) to analyze the differences between the four groups. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA), and complex sample analysis was performed using weights according to the KNHANES raw data usage guidelines from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The rate of subjective health awareness was higher in men than in women in both prediabetic- and diabetic-stage subjects and adults in the prediabetic stage were higher than in the elderly. The better the subjective health status, the higher the ratio of normal weight, proper sleep time, exercise, and eating out among health-related behaviors. As a result of analyzing blood pressure and blood indices related to the cardiovascular disease risk (Framingham Risk Score), in all indicators except blood pressure, the better the subjective health status and the lower the risk of cardiovascular disease. As a result, for disease prevention and continuous management through healthy behaviors in prediabetic and diabetic patients, it is necessary to improve the positive subjective perception of health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 2nd Edition: Management and Promotion of Healthy Habits and Active Life)

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15 pages, 367 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physical Activity and Its Barriers and Facilitators among University Students in Qatar: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Karima Chaabna, Ravinder Mamtani, Amit Abraham, Patrick Maisonneuve, Albert B. Lowenfels and Sohaila Cheema

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(12), 7369; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127369 - 16 Jun 2022

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4858

Abstract

Physical inactivity is a leading risk factor for non-communicable diseases worldwide. This study investigated physical activity (PA) level among university students in Qatar and assessed other lifestyle and demographic factors associated with PA. A cross-sectional study was conducted between February 2017 and February [...] Read more.

Physical inactivity is a leading risk factor for non-communicable diseases worldwide. This study investigated physical activity (PA) level among university students in Qatar and assessed other lifestyle and demographic factors associated with PA. A cross-sectional study was conducted between February 2017 and February 2018. A self-administered questionnaire, comprising questions from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and other validated questionnaires, was used to assess PA and other lifestyle behaviors, including sedentary behavior, stress, sleep, dietary habits, and smoking habits. The results were reported according to the STROBE guidelines. A total of 370 students (response rate = 95.6%) were recruited from eight universities via quota sampling. The prevalence of physically active students—as per the World Health Organization’s recommendation for PA of 150–300 min/week—was 64.9% (75.2% in males and 58.3% in females). Females and students >20 years old were half as likely to be active compared with males and younger students. More males enjoyed getting regular exercise (83.6% vs. 67.7%, p-value = 0.002). Time spent sitting was similar during weekdays and weekends (mean time ± SD = 480.8 ± 277.7 min/week vs. 492.1 ± 265.0 min/week). Sports facilities and green spaces appear to help increase PA among university students in Qatar. Public health interventions should focus on improving PA-related perception and knowledge among students to further increase PA participation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 2nd Edition: Management and Promotion of Healthy Habits and Active Life)

9 pages, 468 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physical Activity and Academic Procrastination among Chinese University Students: A Parallel Mediation Model of Self-Control and Self-Efficacy

by Changqing Li, Yanbo Hu and Kai Ren

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(10), 6017; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106017 - 15 May 2022

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5490

Abstract

Previous studies have suggested that physical activity may decrease academic procrastination; however, few studies have explored the underlying mechanisms of how physical activity exerts an effect on academic procrastination. This study aimed to examine the mediating effects of self-control and self-efficacy in the [...] Read more.

Previous studies have suggested that physical activity may decrease academic procrastination; however, few studies have explored the underlying mechanisms of how physical activity exerts an effect on academic procrastination. This study aimed to examine the mediating effects of self-control and self-efficacy in the relationship between physical activity and academic procrastination among Chinese university students. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used in this study. The sample comprised 564 university students from a university in Zhejiang, China. The physical activity rating scale-3 (PARS-3), self-control scale (SCS), generalized self-efficacy scale (GSES), and procrastination assessment scale-students (PASS) were used to investigate university students’ physical activity, self-control, self-efficacy, and academic procrastination respectively. The Percentile-Bootstrap technique was performed to examine the mediating effects of self-control and self-efficacy on the association between physical activity and academic procrastination. Results: Physical activity significantly predicted higher levels of self-control and self-efficacy, as well as lower levels of academic procrastination. Self-control and self-efficacy were significant mediators between physical activity and academic procrastination. Conclusion: This study indicated that physical activity interventions targeting the improvement of self-control and self-efficacy may reduce academic procrastination in university students. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 2nd Edition: Management and Promotion of Healthy Habits and Active Life)

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17 pages, 631 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lived Experience after Bariatric Surgery among Patients with Morbid Obesity in East Coast Peninsular Malaysia: A Qualitative Study

by Siti Faezah Gullaam Rasul, Nani Draman, Rosediani Muhamad, Zainab Mat Yudin, Razlina Abdul Rahman, Samsul Draman and Mohd Nizam Md Hashim

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(10), 6009; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106009 - 15 May 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2741

Abstract

Living with morbid obesity is challenging since it affects various dimensions of life. Sustainable weight loss via bariatric surgery helps people suffering from morbid obesity to lead a healthy and meaningful life. This study highlights the challenges before bariatric surgery and the impact [...] Read more.

Living with morbid obesity is challenging since it affects various dimensions of life. Sustainable weight loss via bariatric surgery helps people suffering from morbid obesity to lead a healthy and meaningful life. This study highlights the challenges before bariatric surgery and the impact on one’s life. A phenomenological approach was employed using in-depth interviews with 21 participants (15 females and 6 males) who had undergone surgery at least 6 months prior to the study with the mean age of 42.6 years. Due to excess body weight, the physical limitation had a serious negative impact on their social life, making them targets of bias and stigmatisation. Surgery was the best option for them to attain sustainable weight loss and to lead a new life. However, a few participants struggled with the side effects of surgery. Five themes were discovered, namely, (1) social restraint; (2) experiencing bias and stigmatisation; (3) bringing new life; (4) boosting self-esteem; and (5) facing the negative side of surgery. This study serves as a platform to explore the difficulties faced by people with morbid obesity and the changes that the participants experienced after the surgery for future intervention to curb the rising number of people with morbid obesity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 2nd Edition: Management and Promotion of Healthy Habits and Active Life)

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14 pages, 1078 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of β-Hydroxy β-Methylbutyric Supplementation in Combination with Conservative Non-Invasive Treatments in Athletes with Patellar Tendinopathy: A Pilot Study

by Ángela Sánchez-Gómez, Jose Manuel Jurado-Castro, Fernando Mata, Antonio Jesús Sánchez-Oliver and Raúl Domínguez

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(1), 471; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010471 - 1 Jan 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3697

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of conservative non-invasive treatments based on eccentric training, stretching and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) supplemented with β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric (HMB) or placebo (PLAC) on body composition, pain and muscular function (jump ability, [...] Read more.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of conservative non-invasive treatments based on eccentric training, stretching and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) supplemented with β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric (HMB) or placebo (PLAC) on body composition, pain and muscular function (jump ability, muscular power and muscular strength) in athletes with patellar tendinopathy (PT). In a double-blind randomized trial, 8 athletes (4 males and 4 females) performed a physical rehabilitation for 4 weeks. They were randomly divided into two experimental groups (two males and two females in each one) that ingested HMB (HMBG) or PLAC (PLACG). In pre- and post-intervention were assessed body composition, pain, countermovement jump (CMJ), back-squat (BS) for analyzing peak power (W) (PP_PP), load (kg) associated to PP_PP (PP_KG) and mean velocity (m/s) (PP_MV) in addition to a 5-RM leg extension tests. An interaction intervention·supplementation (p = 0.049; Ƞ²_p = 0.774) was observed in the height reached in the CMJ as an intervention effect in PPPP detected for the HMBG (p = 0.049). In addition, an enhancement in PPKG (p = 0.028; Ƞ²_p = 0.842) was detected in the intervention, but not in PPMV, as an increase in the intervention in the 5-RM test (p = 0.001; Ƞ²_p = 0.981) was observed. No changes were noted on body composition or pain (p > 0.05). The combination of eccentric training with stretching and ESWT increased concentric muscular power and strength after 4 weeks without changes in body lean mass or pain. In addition, HMB supplementation could enhance the power muscular performance in athletes with PT, optimizing the intervention adaptions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 2nd Edition: Management and Promotion of Healthy Habits and Active Life)

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Review

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19 pages, 420 KiB

Open AccessReview

Physical Education and Sports: A Backbone of the Entire Community in the Twenty-First Century

by Jean de Dieu Habyarimana, Etienne Tugirumukiza and Ke Zhou

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(12), 7296; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127296 - 14 Jun 2022

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 5626

Abstract

The current state of physical inactivity of people can be traced back to the people who have been denied their fundamental human right to physical education and participation in school sports (PES). Growing up without the fundamental human right to free movement and [...] Read more.

The current state of physical inactivity of people can be traced back to the people who have been denied their fundamental human right to physical education and participation in school sports (PES). Growing up without the fundamental human right to free movement and participation in sports activities enabled students to stay physically inactive. The purpose of this study was to explore what is currently known about the role of PES in all areas of human development and SDGs and to raise awareness about PES, which has been shown to be on the decline. To increase the study’s overall efficacy, an external desk research approach was employed to gather relevant information published online: reports, policies, charters, recommendations, and other relevant articles from various electronic databases and websites of international organizations responsible for PES, culture, and health. PES benefits are discussed in all domains of human development, including physical and mental health, cognitive, psychosocial, and moral benefits. Contrary to its importance to human growth as a whole, PES has been sidelined since the end of the twentieth century. An awareness of the subject of PES has thus been raised as a backbone of the entire community in the twenty-first century, so as to translate the promises and policies of PES into realities and practices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 2nd Edition: Management and Promotion of Healthy Habits and Active Life)

17 pages, 2389 KiB

Open AccessReview

Effectiveness of Warm-Up Intervention Programs to Prevent Sports Injuries among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Liyi Ding, Jianfeng Luo, Daniel M. Smith, Marcia Mackey, Haiqing Fu, Matthew Davis and Yanping Hu

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(10), 6336; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106336 - 23 May 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 8630

Abstract

Sports participation by children and adolescents often results in injuries. Therefore, injury prevention warm-up programs are imperative for youth sports safety. The purpose of this paper was to assess the effectiveness of Warm-up Intervention Programs (WIP) on upper and lower limb sports injuries [...] Read more.

Sports participation by children and adolescents often results in injuries. Therefore, injury prevention warm-up programs are imperative for youth sports safety. The purpose of this paper was to assess the effectiveness of Warm-up Intervention Programs (WIP) on upper and lower limb sports injuries through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Searches for relevant studies were performed on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane databases. Studies selected met the following criteria: original data; analytic prospective design; investigated a WIP and included outcomes for injury sustained during sports participation. Two authors assessed the quality of evidence using Furlan’s criteria. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.3 software was used to process and analyze the outcome indicators of the literature. Across fifteen studies, the pooled point estimated injury rate ratio (IRR) was 0.64 (95% CI = 0.54–0.75; 36% reduction) while accounting for hours of risk exposure. Publication bias assessment suggested a 6% reduction in the estimate (IRR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.60–0.82), and the prediction interval intimated that any study estimate could still fall between 0.34 and 1.19. Subgroup analyses identified one significant moderator that existed in the subgroup of compliance (p < 0.01) and might be the source of heterogeneity. Compared with the control group, WIPs significantly reduced the injury rate ratio of upper and lower limb sports injuries in children and adolescents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 2nd Edition: Management and Promotion of Healthy Habits and Active Life)

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5 pages, 296 KiB

Open AccessOpinion

Combining Exercise and Carbohydrate Restriction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—A Critical Look at Possible Intervention Effects

by Samir Akrimi and Christian Brinkmann

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 16251; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316251 - 5 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2369

Abstract

Combining regular exercise and a healthy diet is recommended in international guidelines to fight type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Low- and very low-carbohydrate diets have attracted attention in the last years. This article takes a critical look at the possible effects when regular [...] Read more.

Combining regular exercise and a healthy diet is recommended in international guidelines to fight type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Low- and very low-carbohydrate diets have attracted attention in the last years. This article takes a critical look at the possible effects when regular exercise and carbohydrate restriction are combined. An increased intervention effect on the oxidative capacity as well as glucose and lipid profiles can be assumed (at least for a short period of time). However, anabolic signaling pathways might be blunted during a very low-carbohydrate diet and increasing ketosis. Thus, muscle build-up can become difficult or impossible. Furthermore, maximal performance during high-intensity workouts may be attenuated due to a possible reduced anaerobic glycolysis and metabolic inflexibility in T2DM patients. However, more studies are needed to evaluate the effects of this combination in comparison to those of exercise and other types of diet. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 2nd Edition: Management and Promotion of Healthy Habits and Active Life)

26 pages, 2105 KiB

Open AccessStudy Protocol

The GRANDPACT Project: The Development and Evaluation of an Intergenerational Program for Grandchildren and Their Grandparents to Stimulate Physical Activity and Cognitive Function Using Co-Creation

by Evelien Iliano, Melanie Beeckman, Julie Latomme and Greet Cardon

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(12), 7150; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127150 - 10 Jun 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3000

Abstract

In recent years, increased attention has been devoted to intergenerational physical activity (PA) programs because they may have several benefits for both children and older adults (e.g., the reduction of ageism). An intergenerational PA program focusing on grandchildren and grandparents in a ‘standard’ [...] Read more.

In recent years, increased attention has been devoted to intergenerational physical activity (PA) programs because they may have several benefits for both children and older adults (e.g., the reduction of ageism). An intergenerational PA program focusing on grandchildren and grandparents in a ‘standard’ family setting that combines PA and cognitive function is innovative and may hold potential for promoting PA and improving cognitive functioning in both grandchildren and grandparents. The aim of this study is to describe the protocol of the GRANDPACT (GRANDparents and GRANDchildren improve their Physical Activity and Cognitive functions using co-creaTion) Project, focusing on the development of an intergenerational, cognitively enriched, movement program for grandchildren and grandparents using the theoretical framework of the “Behaviour Change Wheel” in combination with a co-creation approach. Two co-creation trajectories will be organized to develop the program, followed by a pilot study to refine the program and an RCT with a pre-test (at baseline), a post-test (after 24 weeks), and a follow-up (after 36 weeks) to measure the outcomes of co-PA, cognitive functions, psychosocial well-being, and the quality of the family relationship ingrandchildren and grandparents. The outcomes will be measured using accelerometry for PA, the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) for cognitive functions, and questionnaires for the psychological well-being and quality of the family relationship. Co-development with end-users and stakeholders during both co-creation trajectories is expected to result in an effective, attractive, and feasible program. Co-PA is expected to improve PA, cognitive functioning, psychosocial well-being, and the quality of the family relationships between grandchildren and grandparents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 2nd Edition: Management and Promotion of Healthy Habits and Active Life)

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