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Women Living with HIV

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
Interests: minority health; HIV/AIDS; psycho-educational interventions; equitable technology-enhanced approaches; well-being; resilience; spirituality

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
Interests: anal cancer; cervical cancer; minority health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The HIV epidemic continues to affect women, as women account for the 54% of the 36,000,000 adults who live with HIV, globally (www.WHO.int). Although a smaller proportion (46%) of new infections worldwide are among women, in 2019, only 1.1M received anti-retroviral medications to prevent maternal-to-child transmission of the virus, for the 1.3M pregnant women diagnosed with HIV—leaving themselves and their children at risk for a lifetime of health complications. Even in high income countries, such as the US, disproportionate, health-related outcomes for racial/ethnic minority women continue today in terms of new HIV infections and sexually transmitted infections—due to poverty and stigma (WomensHealth.gov), geographic inequities, racial discrimination, and medical mistrust (Randolph et al., 2020). Furthermore, women with HIV face additional risks of gynecological abnormalities, cervical cancer,  heart disease, and aging-related issues (HIV.gov).

We will focus the conversation of this Special Issue around recent findings that paint a holistic picture of what is known about women with HIV in the world. The environments and frameworks that encompass multi-level approaches to understanding the unique challenges and vulnerabilities faced by all women will be included. There will be a special focus on racial/ethnic minority women, and migrant and refugee women. Strength-based approaches that consider not just risk, but protective factors are encouraged. The full life spectrum, from HIV acquisition to aging with HIV, including adolescents, emerging adults, and older adults, will frame this topic. Protocols, reviews, preliminary findings, and null findings are welcomed.

Dr. Lunthita M. Duthely
Dr. Patricia P. Jeudin
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • minority health
  • HIV/AIDS
  • well-being
  • resilience
  • psycho-education
  • interventions
  • implementation

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 287 KiB  
Article
Investigating the Barriers and Facilitators to Using Antiretroviral Therapy among Women Living with HIV in Plateau State, Nigeria
by Emmanuel O. Osayi, Sarah C. Blake, Tolulope Afolaranmi, Oluseye Ajayi, John Onyeji, Atiene S. Sagay, Albert Anderson and Taiwo J. Obindo
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(5), 546; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21050546 - 26 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1128
Abstract
Background: Women and girls account for more than 50% of the global HIV population. In Nigeria, the proportion of women living with HIV on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been on the rise. Despite this, little research exists on their experiences regarding antiretroviral [...] Read more.
Background: Women and girls account for more than 50% of the global HIV population. In Nigeria, the proportion of women living with HIV on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been on the rise. Despite this, little research exists on their experiences regarding antiretroviral therapy use, especially for women living with HIV (WLHIV) in Plateau State, Nigeria. This study investigates the barriers and facilitators influencing antiretroviral therapy use among women living with HIV. Methods: This study employed a qualitative research design, using focus groups, and included women (female sex workers, pregnant and non-pregnant women living with HIV) and the male partners of serodiscordant couples. Eligibility criteria were being 18 years of age or older, on antiretroviral therapy for more than one year/on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for more than one month, and speaking English, Hausa, or both. Data coding utilized both inductive and deductive approaches, and standard content analysis was applied to develop emerging themes. Results: Of the 106 participants, 88 were women living with HIV, and 18 were men in serodiscordant couples. The first facilitator shared by the participants was feeling healthier and stronger due to the antiretroviral therapy, which was also expressed by the male participants on PrEP as feeling good while taking the drug. Additional facilitators shared by the participants included weight gain and having a more positive outlook on life. Participants also disproportionately described barriers to using antiretroviral therapy, including experiences with emotional challenges, physical discomfort, and side effects of ART. Such barriers were linked to feelings of past regret, frustration, and disappointment. Conclusion: This study underscores the significance of maintaining a positive perspective on ART use, demonstrated by the connection between a positive outlook and weight gain, and highlights the hurdles that Plateau State’s women living with HIV face in adhering to antiretroviral therapy. Policymakers and healthcare providers can utilize these findings to formulate targeted strategies aimed at minimizing identified barriers and enhancing antiretroviral therapy utilization among this population via peer- support groups, economic empowerment, and psychosocial support. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Women Living with HIV)
11 pages, 333 KiB  
Article
How the COVID-19 Pandemic Influenced HIV Care: Are We Prepared Enough for Future Pandemics? An Assessment of Factors Influencing Access, Utilization, Affordability, and Motivation to Engage with HIV Services amongst African, Caribbean, and Black Women
by Emily McKay, Emmanuela Ojukwu, Saima Hirani, Tatiana Sotindjo, Ijeoma Okedo-Alex and Patience Magagula
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(11), 6051; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20116051 - 5 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1787
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in disruption in healthcare delivery for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). African, Caribbean, and Black women living with HIV (ACB WLWH) in British Columbia (BC) faced barriers to engage with HIV care services prior to the COVID-19 [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in disruption in healthcare delivery for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). African, Caribbean, and Black women living with HIV (ACB WLWH) in British Columbia (BC) faced barriers to engage with HIV care services prior to the COVID-19 pandemic that were intensified by the transition to virtual care during the pandemic. This paper aims to assess which factors influenced ACB WLWH’s access to, utilization and affordability of, and motivation to engage with HIV care services. This study utilized a qualitative descriptive approach using in-depth interviews. Eighteen participants were recruited from relevant women’s health, HIV, and ACB organizations in BC. Participants felt dismissed by healthcare providers delivering services only in virtual formats and suggested that services be performed in a hybrid model to increase access and utilization. Mental health supports, such as support groups, dissolved during the pandemic and overall utilization decreased for many participants. The affordability of services pertained primarily to expenses not covered by the provincial healthcare plan. Resources should be directed to covering supplements, healthy food, and extended health services. The primary factor decreasing motivation to engage with HIV services was fear, which emerged due to the unknown impact of the COVID-19 virus on immunocompromised participants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Women Living with HIV)

Other

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11 pages, 316 KiB  
Brief Report
What Women with HIV Know about Heart Health and Cardiovascular Risk and Intervention Preferences
by Lunthita M. Duthely, Sanjana Satish, Sapna A. Kedia, Lilliana Vilchez, Priscilla T. Valls, Michaela E. Larson, Carolina Cruzval O’Reilly, Vanessa Hurtado, Maria Camila Bernal, Karla Inestroza, Nicholas Fonseca, Tiffany R. Glynn, Mariano J. Kanamori and Claudia A. Martinez
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(9), 1149; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091149 - 29 Aug 2024
Viewed by 275
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant health concern influenced by various determinants. Stigma and resilience have emerged as factors in CVD development and management. Women with HIV (WWH) have higher CVD rates than women without HIV. To improve cardiovascular health for WWH, a [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant health concern influenced by various determinants. Stigma and resilience have emerged as factors in CVD development and management. Women with HIV (WWH) have higher CVD rates than women without HIV. To improve cardiovascular health for WWH, a comprehensive understanding of how these factors interact, the understanding about individual awareness and willingness to engage in risk-reduction interventions are needed. Methods: As part of a study examining CVD risk among WWH aged >35 years old, 90-min focus groups were conducted (May 2022) in the English language. Focus groups aimed to elicit participants’ CVD risk knowledge and potential prevention strategies. Transcripts underwent a qualitative analysis. Results: Nineteen WWH participated in three focus groups. Participants experienced the following: (a) enacted stigma related to their HIV diagnosis (e.g., family, church member, healthcare staff); (b) a recent event (e.g., hospitalization of self/family, death in family, chest pain) triggered both heart health-promoting lifestyle changes and suboptimal health behaviors (e.g., COVID-19 pandemic: unhealthy snacking). Participants wanted to obtain more knowledge (“on a mission”) about CVD risk. In total, 100% expressed willingness to take medication or embark on other lifestyle changes to prevent future CVD events. Although participants identified preventative heart health behaviors (e.g., eating healthy foods; exercising; limiting stress, substances, and smoking), misconceptions were also identified (e.g., “catching” heart disease). Conclusions: Understanding the interplay of the different factors related to heart health is needed both at the provider and the patient level to inform interventions that reduce CVD risk amongst racial/ethnic minoritized women with HIV, living in the Southern region of the US. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Women Living with HIV)
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