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Gut Microbiome and Health
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Gut Microbiome and Health

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Global Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2018) | Viewed by 56971

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Christine Edwards

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Guest Editor
Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ada Garcia

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Guest Editor
School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
Interests: nutrition in early years; complementary feeding; undernutrition; public health nutrition interventions; evaluation; infant foods; diet quality; infant feeding behaviours
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Alison Parrett

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Affiliation: Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The gut microbiome has been implicated in the pathology of several diseases, from in utero to senescence. During childhood, alterations in gut microbiome diversity have been found in diseases, such as asthma, allergy, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and obesity. In poverty associated undernutrition, environmental enteric dysfunction is associated with abnormal gut function and alterations in the gut microbiome and inflammation are proposed as underpinning mechanisms. In adulthood, the microbiome has been associated with the causes and prevention of many chronic diseases including heart disease, obesity and cancer, as well as decline in cognitive function and other brain disorders. 

This Special Issue seeks papers on the gut microbiome, including those on the impact of diet and environmental conditions related to public health at all stages of the life cycle. Epidemiological and mechanistic studies will be considered. High-quality narrative and systematic reviews will be also considered.

Prof. Christine Edwards
Dr. Ada Garcia
Dr. Alison Parrett
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Gut microbiome
  • Gut colonisation
  • Diet
  • Malnutrition
  • Obesity
  • Chronic disease
  • Lifecycle
  • Brain function
  • Ageing
  • Feeding studies

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1071 KiB  
Article
Impact of Fermentable Fibres on the Colonic Microbiota Metabolism of Dietary Polyphenols Rutin and Quercetin
by Bahareh Mansoorian, Emilie Combet, Areej Alkhaldy, Ada L. Garcia and Christine Ann Edwards
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(2), 292; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020292 - 21 Jan 2019
Cited by 42 | Viewed by 6472
Abstract
Dietary fibre and polyphenols are both metabolised to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and phenolic acids (PA) by the colonic microbiota. These may alter microbiota growth/diversity, but their interaction is not understood. Interactions between rutin and raftiline, ispaghula or pectin were investigated in human [...] Read more.
Dietary fibre and polyphenols are both metabolised to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and phenolic acids (PA) by the colonic microbiota. These may alter microbiota growth/diversity, but their interaction is not understood. Interactions between rutin and raftiline, ispaghula or pectin were investigated in human faecal batch cultures (healthy participants; 19–33 years, 4 males, 6 females, BMI 18.4–27.4) after a low (poly)phenol diet three days prior to study. Phenolic acids were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and SCFAs by gas chromatography-flame ionisation after 2, 4, 6, and 24 h. Rutin fermentation produced Phenyl acetic acid (PAA), 4-Hydroxy benzoic acid (4-OHBA), 3-Hydroxy phenyl acetic acid (3-OHPAA), 4-Hydroxy phenyl acetic acid (4-OHPAA), 3,4-Dihydroxy phenyl acetic acid (3,4-diOHPAA), 3-Hydroxy phenyl propionic acid (3-OHPPA), and 4-Hydroxy phenyl propionic acid (4-OHPPA). 3,4-DiOHPAA and 3-OHPAA were predominant at 6 h (1.9 ± 1.8 µg/mL, 2.9 ± 2.5 µg/mL, and 0.05 ± 0.0 µg/mL, respectively) and 24 h (5.5 ± 3.3 µg/mL, 3.1 ± 4.2 µg/mL, and 1.2 ± 1.6 µg/mL). Production of all PA except 3-OHPPA and 4-OHPPA was reduced by at least one fibre. Inhibition of PA was highest for rutin (8-fold, p < 0.01), then pectin (5-fold, p < 0.01), and ispaghula (2-fold, p = 0.03). Neither rutin nor quercetin had a detectable impact on SCFA production. These interactions should be considered when assessing dietary polyphenols and potential health benefits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiome and Health)
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14 pages, 826 KiB  
Article
Effect of β-Glucan and Black Tea in a Functional Bread on Short Chain Fatty Acid Production by the Gut Microbiota in a Gut Digestion/Fermentation Model
by Abbe M. Mhd Jalil, Emilie Combet, Christine A. Edwards and Ada L. Garcia
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(2), 227; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020227 - 15 Jan 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5281
Abstract
β-Glucan and black tea are fermented by the colonic microbiota producing short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and phenolic acids (PA). We hypothesized that the addition of β-glucan, a dietary fiber, and tea polyphenols to a food matrix like bread will also affect starch [...] Read more.
β-Glucan and black tea are fermented by the colonic microbiota producing short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and phenolic acids (PA). We hypothesized that the addition of β-glucan, a dietary fiber, and tea polyphenols to a food matrix like bread will also affect starch digestion in the upper gut and thus further influence colonic fermentation and SCFA production. This study investigated SCFA and PA production from locally developed breads: white bread (WB), black tea bread (BT), β-glucan bread (βG), β-glucan plus black tea bread (βGBT). Each bread was incubated in an in vitro system mimicking human digestion and colonic fermentation. Digestion with α-amylase significantly (p = 0.0001) increased total polyphenol and polyphenolic metabolites from BT bread compared with WB, βG, and βGBT. Total polyphenols in βGBT remained higher (p = 0.016; 1.3-fold) after digestion with pepsin and pancreatin compared with WB. Fermentations containing βG and βGBT produced similar propionate concentrations ranging from 17.5 to 18.6 mmol/L and total SCFA from 46.0 to 48.9 mmol/L compared with control WB (14.0 and 37.4 mmol/L, respectively). This study suggests that combination of black tea with β-glucan in this functional bread did not impact on SCFA production. A higher dose of black tea and β-glucan or in combination with other fibers may be needed to increase SCFA production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiome and Health)
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Review

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20 pages, 382 KiB  
Review
Breast Cancer and Its Relationship with the Microbiota
by Mariana F. Fernández, Iris Reina-Pérez, Juan Manuel Astorga, Andrea Rodríguez-Carrillo, Julio Plaza-Díaz and Luis Fontana
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15(8), 1747; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081747 - 14 Aug 2018
Cited by 237 | Viewed by 19026
Abstract
The microorganisms that live symbiotically in human beings are increasingly recognized as important players in health and disease. The largest collection of these microorganisms is found in the gastrointestinal tract. Microbial composition reflects both genetic and lifestyle variables of the host. This microbiota [...] Read more.
The microorganisms that live symbiotically in human beings are increasingly recognized as important players in health and disease. The largest collection of these microorganisms is found in the gastrointestinal tract. Microbial composition reflects both genetic and lifestyle variables of the host. This microbiota is in a dynamic balance with the host, exerting local and distant effects. Microbial perturbation (dysbiosis) could contribute to the risk of developing health problems. Various bacterial genes capable of producing estrogen-metabolizing enzymes have been identified. Accordingly, gut microbiota is capable of modulating estrogen serum levels. Conversely, estrogen-like compounds may promote the proliferation of certain species of bacteria. Therefore, a crosstalk between microbiota and both endogenous hormones and estrogen-like compounds might synergize to provide protection from disease but also to increase the risk of developing hormone-related diseases. Recent research suggests that the microbiota of women with breast cancer differs from that of healthy women, indicating that certain bacteria may be associated with cancer development and with different responses to therapy. In this review, we discuss recent knowledge about the microbiome and breast cancer, identifying specific characteristics of the human microbiome that may serve to develop novel approaches for risk assessment, prevention and treatment for this disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiome and Health)
24 pages, 515 KiB  
Review
Rebuilding the Gut Microbiota Ecosystem
by Antonella Gagliardi, Valentina Totino, Fatima Cacciotti, Valerio Iebba, Bruna Neroni, Giulia Bonfiglio, Maria Trancassini, Claudio Passariello, Fabrizio Pantanella and Serena Schippa
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15(8), 1679; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081679 - 7 Aug 2018
Cited by 252 | Viewed by 25413
Abstract
A microbial ecosystem in which bacteria no longer live in a mutualistic association is called dysbiotic. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a condition related with the pathogenesis of intestinal illnesses (irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, and inflammatory bowel disease) and extra-intestinal illnesses (obesity, metabolic [...] Read more.
A microbial ecosystem in which bacteria no longer live in a mutualistic association is called dysbiotic. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a condition related with the pathogenesis of intestinal illnesses (irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, and inflammatory bowel disease) and extra-intestinal illnesses (obesity, metabolic disorder, cardiovascular syndrome, allergy, and asthma). Dysbiosis status has been related to various important pathologies, and many therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring the balance of the intestinal ecosystem have been implemented. These strategies include the administration of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics; phage therapy; fecal transplantation; bacterial consortium transplantation; and a still poorly investigated approach based on predatory bacteria. This review discusses the various aspects of these strategies to counteract intestinal dysbiosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiome and Health)
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