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Environmental, Occupational, and Smoke-Related Exposure: Impact on Respiratory Diseases
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Environmental, Occupational, and Smoke-Related Exposure: Impact on Respiratory Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2022) | Viewed by 22083

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Paige Lacy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
559 HMRC, Alberta Respiratory Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
Interests: allergy; immunology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Subhabrata Moitra

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
Interests: Asthma, COPD, Occupational exposure, Environmental exposure, Interstitial lung diseases, Pulmonary function, Airway physiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

According to the Global Burden of Disease Study, morbidity and mortality due to respiratory diseases have increased significantly in the past few decades, and their rates are increasing every year. Globally, nearly 450 million people suffer from chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and approximately 4 million people die each year from these diseases. Pneumonia and interstitial lung diseases are some of the non-malignant respiratory diseases that contribute significantly to the global burden of respiratory diseases. Air pollution, smoking, vaping, allergies, and occupational exposure are some of the most important risk factors for respiratory diseases. In this Special Issue, we want to emphasize the mechanisms of non-malignant respiratory illness through the lens of clinical, epidemiological, and experimental viewpoints. We invite clinical, epidemiological, and translational research papers and reviews that examine the clinically relevant aspects of non-malignant lung diseases. Manuscripts that deal with clinical characteristics (etiology, physiological mechanism, and clinical outcome), occupational and environmental aspects (longitudinal and cross-sectional occupational and environmental exposure, panel data study, etc.), and mechanistic insights (basic and translational research that are clinically relevant) are very welcome. We will also evaluate other types of articles, such as systematic reviews (and meta-analyses) and commentaries. The recommended topics include, but are not limited to, the following: 

  • Asthma
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • Interstitial lung diseases (ILD)
  • Tuberculosis
  • Pneumonia
  • Environmental exposure
  • Occupational exposure
  • Longitudinal studies
  • Experimental research
  • Epidemiological studies
  • Respiratory physiology
  • Obstructive sleep apnea

Prof. Dr. Paige Lacy
Dr. Subhabrata Moitra
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • asthma
  • COPD
  • ILD
  • tuberculosis
  • pneumonia
  • environmental exposure
  • occupational exposure
  • longitudinal studies
  • experimental research
  • epidemiological studies
  • respiratory physiology
  • obstructive sleep apnea

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2495 KiB  
Article
Geography as a Determinant of Health: Health Services Utilization of Pediatric Respiratory Illness in a Canadian Province
by Shehzad Kassam, Jesus Serrano-Lomelin, Anne Hicks, Susan Crawford, Jeffrey A. Bakal and Maria B. Ospina
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(16), 8347; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168347 - 6 Aug 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2303
Abstract
Respiratory diseases contribute to high healthcare utilization rates among children. Although social inequalities play a major role in these conditions, little is known about the impact of geography as a determinant of health, particularly with regard to the difference between rural and urban [...] Read more.
Respiratory diseases contribute to high healthcare utilization rates among children. Although social inequalities play a major role in these conditions, little is known about the impact of geography as a determinant of health, particularly with regard to the difference between rural and urban centers. A regional geographic analysis was conducted using health repository data on singleton births between 2005 and 2010 in Alberta, Canada. Data were aggregated according to regional health sub-zones in the province and standardized prevalence ratios (SPRs) were determined for eight respiratory diseases (asthma, influenza, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, croup, pneumonia, and other upper and other lower respiratory tract infections). The results indicate that there are higher rates of healthcare utilization in northern compared to southern regions and in rural and remote regions compared to urban ones, after accounting for both material and social deprivation. Geography plays a role in discrepancies of healthcare utilization for pediatric respiratory diseases, and this can be used to inform the provision of health services and resource allocation across various regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental, Occupational, and Smoke-Related Exposure: Impact on Respiratory Diseases)
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Review

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37 pages, 2170 KiB  
Review
Assessing the Risk of Respiratory-Related Healthcare Visits Associated with Wildfire Smoke Exposure in Children 0–18 Years Old: A Systematic Review
by Shelby Henry, Maria B. Ospina, Liz Dennett and Anne Hicks
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(16), 8799; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168799 - 20 Aug 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3652
Abstract
Wildfires are increasing in frequency, size, and intensity, and increasingly affect highly populated areas. Wildfire smoke impacts cardiorespiratory health; children are at increased risk due to smaller airways, a higher metabolic rate and ongoing development. The objective of this systematic review was to [...] Read more.
Wildfires are increasing in frequency, size, and intensity, and increasingly affect highly populated areas. Wildfire smoke impacts cardiorespiratory health; children are at increased risk due to smaller airways, a higher metabolic rate and ongoing development. The objective of this systematic review was to describe the risk of pediatric respiratory symptoms and healthcare visits following exposure to wildfire smoke. Medical and scientific databases and the grey literature were searched from inception until December 2020. Included studies evaluated pediatric respiratory-related healthcare visits or symptoms associated with wildfire smoke exposure. Prescribed burns, non-respiratory symptoms and non-pediatric studies were excluded. Risk of bias was evaluated using the National Toxicology Program’s Office of Health Assessment and Translation Risk of Bias Rating Tool. Data are presented narratively due to study heterogeneity. Of 2138 results, 1167 titles and abstracts were screened after duplicate removal; 65 full text screens identified 5 pre-post and 11 cross-sectional studies of rural, urban and mixed sites from the USA, Australia, Canada and Spain. There is a significant increase in respiratory emergency department visits and asthma hospitalizations within the first 3 days of exposure to wildfire smoke, particularly in children < 5 years old. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental, Occupational, and Smoke-Related Exposure: Impact on Respiratory Diseases)
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Other

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24 pages, 743 KiB  
Systematic Review
Indoor Air Pollution and the Health of Vulnerable Groups: A Systematic Review Focused on Particulate Matter (PM), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Their Effects on Children and People with Pre-Existing Lung Disease
by Tun Z. Maung, Jack E. Bishop, Eleanor Holt, Alice M. Turner and Christian Pfrang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(14), 8752; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148752 - 19 Jul 2022
Cited by 90 | Viewed by 11347
Abstract
Air pollution affects health, but much of the focus to this point has been on outdoor air. Higher indoor pollution is anticipated due to increasingly energy-efficient and less leaky buildings together with more indoor activities. Studies of indoor air pollution focusing on children [...] Read more.
Air pollution affects health, but much of the focus to this point has been on outdoor air. Higher indoor pollution is anticipated due to increasingly energy-efficient and less leaky buildings together with more indoor activities. Studies of indoor air pollution focusing on children and people with respiratory disease from the database Web of Science (1991–2021) were systemically reviewed according to the PRISMA guidelines, with 69 studies included in the final selection. Emissions from building materials affected indoor air quality, and ventilation also had an influence. The main indoor air pollutants are Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Particulate Matter (PM). PM sources included smoking, cooking, heating, candles, and insecticides, whereas sources of coarse particles were pets, housework and human movements. VOC sources included household products, cleaning agents, glue, personal care products, building materials and vehicle emissions. Formaldehyde levels were particularly high in new houses. Personal exposure related to both indoor and outdoor pollutant levels, highlighting home characteristics and air exchange rates as important factors. Temperature, humidity, educational level, air purifiers and time near sources were also related to personal exposure. There was an association between PM and Fractional exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO), lung function, oxygen saturation, childhood asthma and symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. High VOCs were associated with upper airways and asthma symptoms and cancer. Effective interventional studies for PM in the future might focus on human behavior together with air purifiers and increased ventilation, whereas VOC interventions might center more on building materials and household products, alongside purification and ventilation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental, Occupational, and Smoke-Related Exposure: Impact on Respiratory Diseases)
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10 pages, 591 KiB  
Study Protocol
The Influence of Artificial Light at Night on Asthma and Allergy, Mental Health, and Cancer Outcomes: A Systematic Scoping Review Protocol
by Andy Deprato, Himasha Rao, Hannah Durrington, Robert Maidstone, Ana Adan, Jose Francisco Navarro, Anna Palomar-Cros, Barbara N. Harding, Prasun Haldar, Saibal Moitra, Tanusree Moitra, Lyle Melenka, Manolis Kogevinas, Paige Lacy and Subhabrata Moitra
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(14), 8522; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148522 - 12 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3319
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) exposure is associated with the disruption of human circadian processes. Through numerous pathophysiological mechanisms such as melatonin dysregulation, it is hypothesised that ALAN exposure is involved in asthma and allergy, mental illness, and cancer outcomes. There are numerous [...] Read more.
Artificial light at night (ALAN) exposure is associated with the disruption of human circadian processes. Through numerous pathophysiological mechanisms such as melatonin dysregulation, it is hypothesised that ALAN exposure is involved in asthma and allergy, mental illness, and cancer outcomes. There are numerous existing studies considering these relationships; however, a critical appraisal of available evidence on health outcomes has not been completed. Due to the prevalence of ALAN exposure and these outcomes in society, it is critical that current evidence of their association is understood. Therefore, this systematic scoping review will aim to assess the association between ALAN exposure and asthma and allergy, mental health, and cancer outcomes. This systematic scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. We will search bibliographic databases, registries, and references. We will include studies that have described potential sources of ALAN exposure (such as shift work or indoor and outdoor exposure to artificial light); have demonstrated associations with either allergic conditions (including asthma), mental health, or cancer-related outcomes; and are published in English in peer-reviewed journals. We will conduct a comprehensive literature search, title and abstract screening, full-text review, and data collection and analysis for each outcome separately. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental, Occupational, and Smoke-Related Exposure: Impact on Respiratory Diseases)
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