Type 1 Diabetes: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approach
A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 43
Special Issue Editor
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder marked by the selective destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in chronic hyperglycemia and dependence on exogenous insulin. The molecular mechanisms underlying T1D involve a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and immune system dysregulation. Over 50 genetic loci have been associated with T1D susceptibility, with the HLA-DR/DQ alleles being the most significant. Environmental factors, such as enteroviral infections and changes in gut microbiota composition, are increasingly recognized as critical in triggering or exacerbating the autoimmune response. Advances in single-cell sequencing and proteomics have deepened our understanding of the immune pathways involved, particularly the role of autoreactive CD8+ T cells, B cells, and innate immune cells in β-cell destruction. Therapeutic approaches are evolving from insulin replacement to strategies aimed at preserving β-cell function and inducing immune tolerance. Clinical trials are exploring the efficacy of antigen-specific immunotherapies, such as peptide vaccines and dendritic cell modulation, which have shown promise in early-phase studies. Additionally, β-cell replacement via stem cell-derived islets and gene editing technologies like CRISPR-Cas9 offer potential for long-term remission. Despite these advancements, significant challenges remain in ensuring the safety, efficacy, and accessibility of these therapies. This issue will focus on elucidating the molecular mechanisms of T1D and exploring innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at improving clinical outcomes.
Dr. Preeti Chhabra
Guest Editor
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Keywords
- type 1 diabetes
- microbiome, proteomics
- immunotherapy
- β-cell replacement
- single-cell sequencing
- stem cells
- gene editing technologies
- tolerance
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