Feature Review Papers in Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease

A special issue of Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (ISSN 2308-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 11497

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Guest Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease is planning to launch a Special Issue that focuses on stroke and cerebrovascular disease. This Issue, we will highlight some of the recent developments in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of transient ischaemic attack, ischaemic stroke, intracerebral and subarachnoid haemorrhage and cerebral venous thrombosis. These topics could include genetics, risk factors, epidemiology, imaging and other diagnostic tools, as well as various treatment modalities in the acute, subacute, and rehabilitative phases as well as in the long-term. For this Special issue, entitled “Reviews in Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease”, we invite you to contribute review articles in these and related areas to assist clinicians treating patients with strokes, as well as stroke researchers., as they strive to better manage their patients. Additionally, any new impactful knowledge that may reduce the risk, morbidity and mortality of this increasingly prevalent illness that is placing tremendous burdens on stroke survivors, family, community healthcare and social systems is welcome.

Dr. Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • review
  • stroke
  • cerebrovascular disease
  • transient ischaemic attack
  • ischaemic stroke
  • intracerebral haemorrhage
  • subarachnoid haemorrhage

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Review

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15 pages, 492 KiB  
Review
Stroke in Bangladesh: A Narrative Review of Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Acute Stroke Services
by Mudasar Aziz, Naznin Bipasha, Udit Gupta, Isabela V. P. Ramnarine, Jessica Redgrave, Ali N. Ali, Arshad Majid and Simon M. Bell
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2025, 12(2), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd12020058 - 5 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1044
Abstract
Introduction: Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. It is one of the foremost non-communicable diseases and the third leading cause of death in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a developing country and as such, the prevalence, risk factors and management of [...] Read more.
Introduction: Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. It is one of the foremost non-communicable diseases and the third leading cause of death in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a developing country and as such, the prevalence, risk factors and management of the condition has some differences with more Westernised populations. In this review, we look at the epidemiology of stroke in Bangladesh and what barriers exist to improving stroke care in this country. Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed database, Mymensingh Medical Journal, Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience and Google Scholar was conducted for articles relating to stroke in Bangladesh. Results: The incidence of stroke in Bangladesh is 3 strokes per 1000 people. The prevalence of haemorrhagic stroke is higher than in Western populations, and novel risk factors such as sitting in a squatting position and betel nut chewing increase a Bangladeshi’s stroke risk. A lack of education on stroke symptoms and a poor internal infrastructure are the main barriers to improving stroke care in this country. Conclusions: Stroke in Bangladesh is associated with traditional risk factors and non-traditional risk factors that are behaviourally ingrained into the local culture. Improved outcomes for these patients will rely on education programmes for the population, a regard for these risk factors and improving the availability of evidence-based treatments. Innovative approaches from policy decision makers to enhance equitable access to stroke services may help in providing stroke care in Bangladesh. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review Papers in Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease)
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12 pages, 953 KiB  
Review
Device-Assisted Left Atrial Appendage Exclusion: From Basic Sciences to Clinical Applications
by Julia Izabela Karpierz, Michał Piotrowski, Krzysztof Bartuś, Radosław Chmiel, Katarzyna Wijatkowska and Artur Słomka
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11(10), 332; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11100332 - 18 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1397
Abstract
Device-assisted left atrial appendage exclusion plays a crucial role in the prevention of fatal ischemic complications in patients with atrial fibrillation and contraindications to anticoagulation treatment. Various devices with different safety profiles and device-related complications are available in daily practice to perform this [...] Read more.
Device-assisted left atrial appendage exclusion plays a crucial role in the prevention of fatal ischemic complications in patients with atrial fibrillation and contraindications to anticoagulation treatment. Various devices with different safety profiles and device-related complications are available in daily practice to perform this procedure. In this review, the anatomy, physiology, and functions of the left atrial appendage were detailed, and all available devices used for epicardial and endocardial exclusion of the left atrial appendage and their clinical outcomes were discussed. Future research should aim to further investigate the long-term effects of left atrial appendage exclusion on body homeostasis, blood coagulation, and cardiac function. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review Papers in Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease)
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23 pages, 1318 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review of Percutaneous and Surgical Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion
by Michał Święczkowski, Emil Julian Dąbrowski, Paweł Muszyński, Piotr Pogorzelski, Piotr Jemielita, Joanna Maria Dudzik, Tomasz Januszko, Małgorzata Duzinkiewicz, Maciej Południewski, Łukasz Kuźma, Marcin Kożuch, Paweł Kralisz and Sławomir Dobrzycki
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11(8), 234; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11080234 - 27 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1894
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia worldwide, and is associated with a significant risk of thromboembolic events. Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) has emerged as a promising alternative for patients with contraindications or intolerance to anticoagulant therapy. This review summarises the [...] Read more.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia worldwide, and is associated with a significant risk of thromboembolic events. Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) has emerged as a promising alternative for patients with contraindications or intolerance to anticoagulant therapy. This review summarises the current evidence, indications, and technical advancements in surgical and percutaneous LAAO. Preprocedural planning relies on various imaging techniques, each with unique advantages and limitations. The existing randomised clinical trials and meta-analyses demonstrate favourable results for both percutaneous and surgical LAAO. Postprocedural management emphasises personalised anticoagulation strategies and comprehensive imaging surveillance to ensure device stability and detect complications. Future focus should be put on antithrombotic regimens, investigating predictors of device-related complications, and simplifying procedural aspects to enhance patient outcomes. In summary, LAAO is presented as a valuable therapeutic option for preventing AF-related thromboembolic events, with ongoing research aimed at refining techniques and improving patient care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review Papers in Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease)
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13 pages, 620 KiB  
Review
Emerging Stroke Risk Factors: A Focus on Infectious and Environmental Determinants
by Sajid Hameed, Nurose Karim, Mohammad Wasay and Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11010019 - 11 Jan 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4937
Abstract
This review focuses on emerging risk factors for stroke, including air pollution and climate change, gut microbiota, high altitude, and systemic infection. Up to 14% of all stroke-associated mortality is attributed to air pollution and is more pronounced in developing countries. Fine particulate [...] Read more.
This review focuses on emerging risk factors for stroke, including air pollution and climate change, gut microbiota, high altitude, and systemic infection. Up to 14% of all stroke-associated mortality is attributed to air pollution and is more pronounced in developing countries. Fine particulate matter and other air pollutants contribute to an increased stroke risk, and this risk appears to increase with higher levels and duration of exposure. Short term air pollution exposure has also been reported to increase the stroke risk. The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem of bacteria and other microorganisms that reside in the digestive system and affect multiple body systems. Disruptions in the gut microbiota may contribute to stroke development, possibly by promoting inflammation and atherosclerosis. High altitudes have been associated with erythrocytosis and cerebrovascular sinus thrombosis, but several studies have reported an increased risk of thrombosis and ischemic stroke at high altitudes, typically above 3000 m. Systemic infection, particularly infections caused by viruses and bacteria, can also increase the risk of stroke. The risk seems to be greatest in the days to weeks following the infection, and the pathophysiology is complex. All these emerging risk factors are modifiable, and interventions to address them could potentially reduce stroke incidence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review Papers in Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease)
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Other

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24 pages, 2004 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Effect of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors in the Prevention and Treatment of Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Lin Bai, Gerhard Litscher and Xiaoning Li
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11(12), 409; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11120409 - 21 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1092
Abstract
Background: Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOIs) may help prevent stroke. However, heterogeneity can be found in the conclusions of different studies. The relevant evidence was summarized in this systematic review and meta-analysis to further clarify the role of XOIs in the prevention and treatment [...] Read more.
Background: Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOIs) may help prevent stroke. However, heterogeneity can be found in the conclusions of different studies. The relevant evidence was summarized in this systematic review and meta-analysis to further clarify the role of XOIs in the prevention and treatment of stroke, with a focus on evaluating the effects of XOIs in primary and secondary prevention of stroke, acute stroke treatment, and reduction of post-stroke complications. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or cohort studies on the effect of XOIs in the prevention and treatment of stroke were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from inception to 3 March 2024, along with hand searching. The analyses were carried out using Review Manager 5.4. Results: The analysis included 14 studies (115,579 patients). While XOIs did not significantly reduce the risk of stroke (RR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.59–1.34), they improved post-stroke functional outcomes, with a reduction in the modified Rankin scale scores (mean difference: −0.6; 95% CI: −0.8 to −0.4), decreased intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels (mean difference: −15.2 ng/mL; 95% CI: −22.3 to −8.1), improved augmentation index (AIx) by 4.2% (95% CI: 2.5–5.9%), reduced central blood pressure (mean reduction: 4.8 mmHg; 95% CI: 2.6–6.9), and delayed carotid intima-media thickness progression (mean difference: −0.05 mm/year; 95% CI: −0.08 to −0.02). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review Papers in Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease)
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