Journal of Functional Biomaterials

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34 pages, 23488 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Performance of Austenitic High-Nitrogen Steels under Gross Slip Fretting Corrosion in Bovine Serum

by Alfons Fischer, Philipe Telouk, Christian Beckmann, Saskia Heermant, Adrian Wittrock, Jörg Debus and Markus A. Wimmer

J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(4), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15040110 - 18 Apr 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1398

Abstract

Modular artificial hip joints are a clinical standard today. However, the release of wear products from the head–taper interface, which includes wear particles in the nm size range, as well as metal ions, have raised concerns. Depending on the loading of such taper [...] Read more.

Modular artificial hip joints are a clinical standard today. However, the release of wear products from the head–taper interface, which includes wear particles in the nm size range, as well as metal ions, have raised concerns. Depending on the loading of such taper joints, a wide variety of different mechanisms have been found by retrieval analyses. From these, this paper concentrates on analyzing the contribution of gross slip fretting corrosion at ultra-mild wear rates using a bovine calf serum solution (BCS) as the lubricant. The parameters were chosen based on biomechanical considerations, producing wear rates of some ng/m wear path. In parallel, the evolution of tribomaterial (third bodies) was analyzed as to its constituents and generation rates. It has already been shown earlier that, by an advantageous combination of wear mechanisms and submechanisms, certain constituents of the tribomaterial remain inside the contact area and act like extreme-pressure lubricant additives. For the known wear and corrosion resistance of austenitic high-nitrogen steels (AHNSs), which outperform CoCrMo alloys even under inflammatory conditions, we hypothesized that such steels will generate ultra-mild wear rates under gross slip fretting. While testing AHNSs against commercially available biomedical-grade materials of CoCrMo and TiAlV alloys, as well as zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) and against itself, it was found that AHNSs in combination with a Ti6Al4V alloy generated the smallest wear rate under gross slip fretting corrosion. This paper then discusses the wear behavior on the basis of ex situ analyses of the worn surfaces as to the acting wear mechanisms and submechanisms, as well as to the tribological reaction products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Biomaterials for Medical Applications)

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24 pages, 19800 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Advanced Ti–Nb–Ta Alloys for Bone Implants with Improved Functionality

by Jan-Oliver Sass, Marie-Luise Sellin, Elisa Kauertz, Jan Johannsen, Markus Weinmann, Melanie Stenzel, Marcus Frank, Danny Vogel, Rainer Bader and Anika Jonitz-Heincke

J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(2), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15020046 - 17 Feb 2024

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2625

Abstract

The additive manufacturing of titanium–niobium–tantalum alloys with nominal chemical compositions Ti–xNb–6Ta (x = 20, 27, 35) by means of laser beam powder bed fusion is reported, and their potential as implant materials is elaborated by mechanical and biological characterization. The properties of dense [...] Read more.

The additive manufacturing of titanium–niobium–tantalum alloys with nominal chemical compositions Ti–xNb–6Ta (x = 20, 27, 35) by means of laser beam powder bed fusion is reported, and their potential as implant materials is elaborated by mechanical and biological characterization. The properties of dense specimens manufactured in different build orientations and of open porous Ti–20Nb–6Ta specimens are evaluated. Compression tests indicate that strength and elasticity are influenced by the chemical composition and build orientation. The minimum elasticity is always observed in the 90° orientation. It is lowest for Ti–20Nb–6Ta (43.2 ± 2.7 GPa) and can be further reduced to 8.1 ± 1.0 GPa for open porous specimens (p < 0.001). Furthermore, human osteoblasts are cultivated for 7 and 14 days on as-printed specimens and their biological response is compared to that of Ti–6Al–4V. Build orientation and cultivation time significantly affect the gene expression profile of osteogenic differentiation markers. Incomplete cell spreading is observed in specimens manufactured in 0° build orientation, whereas widely stretched cells are observed in 90° build orientation, i.e., parallel to the build direction. Compared to Ti–6Al–4V, Ti–Nb–Ta specimens promote improved osteogenesis and reduce the induction of inflammation. Accordingly, Ti–xNb–6Ta alloys have favorable mechanical and biological properties with great potential for application in orthopedic implants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Biomaterials for Medical Applications)

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16 pages, 4646 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Magnetic Nanoscalpel for the Effective Treatment of Ascites Tumors

by Tatiana Zamay, Sergey Zamay, Natalia Luzan, Victoriya Fedotovskaya, Albert Masyugin, Fyodor Zelenov, Anastasia Koshmanova, Elena Nikolaeva, Daria Kirichenko, Dmitry Veprintsev, Olga Kolovskaya, Irina Shchugoreva, Galina Zamay, Ivan Lapin, Anna Lukyanenko, Andrey Borus, Alexander Sukhachev, Mikhail Volochaev, Kirill Lukyanenko, Alexandr Shabanov, Vladimir Zabluda, Alexey Zhizhchenko, Aleksandr Kuchmizhak, Alexey Sokolov, Andrey Narodov, Vladimir Prokopenko, Rinat Galeev, Valery Svetlichnyi and Anna Kichkailo Show full author list Hide full author list

J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(4), 179; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14040179 - 24 Mar 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2408

Abstract

One of the promising novel methods for radical tumor resection at a single-cell level is magneto-mechanical microsurgery (MMM) with magnetic nano- or microdisks modified with cancer-recognizing molecules. A low-frequency alternating magnetic field (AMF) remotely drives and controls the procedure. Here, we present characterization [...] Read more.

One of the promising novel methods for radical tumor resection at a single-cell level is magneto-mechanical microsurgery (MMM) with magnetic nano- or microdisks modified with cancer-recognizing molecules. A low-frequency alternating magnetic field (AMF) remotely drives and controls the procedure. Here, we present characterization and application of magnetic nanodisks (MNDs) as a surgical instrument (“smart nanoscalpel”) at a single-cell level. MNDs with a quasi-dipole three-layer structure (Au/Ni/Au) and DNA aptamer AS42 (AS42-MNDs) on the surface converted magnetic moment into mechanical and destroyed tumor cells. The effectiveness of MMM was analyzed on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in vitro and in vivo using sine and square-shaped AMF with frequencies from 1 to 50 Hz with 0.1 to 1 duty-cycle parameters. MMM with the “Nanoscalpel” in a sine-shaped 20 Hz AMF, a rectangular-shaped 10 Hz AMF, and a 0.5 duty cycle was the most effective. A sine-shaped field caused apoptosis, whereas a rectangular-shaped field caused necrosis. Four sessions of MMM with AS42-MNDs significantly reduced the number of cells in the tumor. In contrast, ascites tumors continued to grow in groups of mice and mice treated with MNDs with nonspecific oligonucleotide NO-MND. Thus, applying a “smart nanoscalpel” is practical for the microsurgery of malignant neoplasms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Biomaterials for Medical Applications)

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20 pages, 10316 KiB

Open AccessArticle

TiNi-Based Material with Shape-Memory Effect for Surgical Treatment of Diseases of Small Intestine in Newborn and Young Children

by Sergey G. Anikeev, Maria I. Kaftaranova, Valentina N. Hodorenko, Stanislav D. Ivanov, Nadezhda V. Artyukhova, Anastasiia V. Shabalina, Sergei A. Kulinich, Grigory V. Slizovsky, Anatolii V. Mokshin and Victor E. Gunther

J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(3), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14030155 - 14 Mar 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2047

Abstract

Alloys based on TiNi are widely used in various fields of technology and medicine. In the present work, we report on the preparation of TiNi-alloy-based wire with the shape-memory effect, which was used for compression clips for surgery. The composition and structure of [...] Read more.

Alloys based on TiNi are widely used in various fields of technology and medicine. In the present work, we report on the preparation of TiNi-alloy-based wire with the shape-memory effect, which was used for compression clips for surgery. The composition and structure of the wire and its martensitic and physical–chemical properties were studied using SEM, TEM, optic microscopy, profilometry, mechanical tests, etc. The TiNi alloy was found to consist of B2 and B19′ and secondary-phase particles of Ti₂Ni, TiNi₃ and Ti₃Ni₄. Its matrix was slightly enriched in Ni (50.3 at.% of Ni). A homogeneous grain structure was revealed (an average grain size of 19 ± 0.3 μm) with equal quantities of grain boundaries of special and general types. The surface oxide layer provides improved biocompatibility and promotes the adhesion of protein molecules. Overall, the obtained TiNi wire was concluded to exhibit martensitic, physical and mechanical properties suitable for its use as an implant material. The wire was then used for manufacturing compression clips with the shape-memory effect and applied in surgery. The medical experiment that involved 46 children demonstrated that the use of such clips in children with double-barreled enterostomies permitted improvement in the results of surgical treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Biomaterials for Medical Applications)

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16 pages, 3482 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Corrosion Behavior and Biocompatibility of Hot-Extruded Mg–Zn–Ga–(Y) Biodegradable Alloys

by Viacheslav Bazhenov, Anna Li, Artem Iliasov, Vasily Bautin, Sofia Plegunova, Andrey Koltygin, Alexander Komissarov, Maxim Abakumov, Nikolay Redko and Kwang Seon Shin

J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(4), 294; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13040294 - 12 Dec 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2157

Abstract

Fixation screws and other temporary magnesium alloy fixation devices are used in orthopedic practice because of their biodegradability, biocompatibility and acceptable biodegradation rates. The substitution of dissolving implant by tissues during the healing process is one of the main requirements for biodegradable implants. [...] Read more.

Fixation screws and other temporary magnesium alloy fixation devices are used in orthopedic practice because of their biodegradability, biocompatibility and acceptable biodegradation rates. The substitution of dissolving implant by tissues during the healing process is one of the main requirements for biodegradable implants. Previously, clinical tests showed the effectiveness of Ga ions on bone tissue regeneration. This work is the first systematic study on the corrosion rate and biocompatibility of Mg–Zn–Ga–(Y) alloys prepared by hot extrusion, where Ga is an additional major alloying element, efficient as a bone-resorption inhibitor. Most investigated alloys have a low corrosion rate in Hanks’ solution close to ~0.2 mm/year. No cytotoxic effects of Mg–2Zn–2Ga (wt.%) alloy on MG63 cells were observed. Thus, considering the high corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility, the Mg–2Zn–2Ga alloy is possible for applications in osteosynthesis implants with improved bone tissue regeneration ability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Biomaterials for Medical Applications)

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21 pages, 10732 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Effect of Cooling and Annealing Conditions on the Microstructure, Mechanical and Superelastic Behavior of a Rotary Forged Ti–18Zr–15Nb (at. %) Bar Stock for Spinal Implants

by Konstantin Lukashevich, Vadim Sheremetyev, Alexander Komissarov, Vladimir Cheverikin, Vladimir Andreev, Sergey Prokoshkin and Vladimir Brailovski

J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(4), 259; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13040259 - 21 Nov 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2003

Abstract

In this work, the microstructure, phase state, texture, superelastic and mechanical properties of a Ti–18Zr–15Nb (at. %) shape memory alloy subjected to a combined thermomechanical treatment, including hot rotary forging with either air cooling or water quenching and post-deformation annealing are studied. It [...] Read more.

In this work, the microstructure, phase state, texture, superelastic and mechanical properties of a Ti–18Zr–15Nb (at. %) shape memory alloy subjected to a combined thermomechanical treatment, including hot rotary forging with either air cooling or water quenching and post-deformation annealing are studied. It was revealed that the main structural component of the deformed and annealed alloy is BCC β-phase. With an increase in the forging temperature from 600 to 700 °C, the average grain size increases from 5.4 to 17.8 µm for the air-cooled specimens and from 3.4 to 14.7 µm for the water-quenched specimens. Annealing at 525 °C after forging at 700 °C with water quenching leads to the formation of a mixed statically and dynamically polygonized substructure of β-phase. In this state, the alloy demonstrates the best combination of functional properties in this study: a Young’s modulus of ~33 GPa, an ultimate tensile strength of ~600 MPa and a superelastic recovery strain of ~3.4%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Biomaterials for Medical Applications)

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Review

Jump to: Research

38 pages, 5295 KiB

Open AccessReview

Magnesium-Based Temporary Implants: Potential, Current Status, Applications, and Challenges

by Sankaranarayanan Seetharaman, Dhivya Sankaranarayanan and Manoj Gupta

J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(6), 324; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14060324 - 17 Jun 2023

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4790

Abstract

Biomedical implants are important devices used for the repair or replacement of damaged or diseased tissues or organs. The success of implantation depends on various factors, such as mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of the materials used. Recently, magnesium (Mg)-based materials have emerged [...] Read more.

Biomedical implants are important devices used for the repair or replacement of damaged or diseased tissues or organs. The success of implantation depends on various factors, such as mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of the materials used. Recently, magnesium (Mg)-based materials have emerged as a promising class of temporary implants due to their remarkable properties, such as strength, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current research works summarizing the above-mentioned properties of Mg-based materials for use as temporary implants. The key findings from in-vitro, in-vivo, and clinical trials are also discussed. Further, the potential applications of Mg-based implants and the applicable fabrication methods are also reviewed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Biomaterials for Medical Applications)

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18 pages, 2369 KiB

Open AccessReview

Guided Bone Regeneration Using a Novel Magnesium Membrane: A Literature Review and a Report of Two Cases in Humans

by Marko Blašković, Ivana Butorac Prpić, Dorotea Blašković, Patrick Rider, Matej Tomas, Slavko Čandrlić, David Botond Hangyasi, Marija Čandrlić and Željka Perić Kačarević

J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(6), 307; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14060307 - 1 Jun 2023

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3386

Abstract

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a common procedure used to rebuild dimensional changes in the alveolar ridge that occur after extraction. In GBR, membranes are used to separate the bone defect from the underlying soft tissue. To overcome the shortcomings of commonly used [...] Read more.

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a common procedure used to rebuild dimensional changes in the alveolar ridge that occur after extraction. In GBR, membranes are used to separate the bone defect from the underlying soft tissue. To overcome the shortcomings of commonly used membranes in GBR, a new resorbable magnesium membrane has been developed. A literature search was performed via MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed in February 2023 for research on magnesium barrier membranes. Of the 78 records reviewed, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. In addition, this paper reports two cases where GBR was performed using a magnesium membrane and magnesium fixation system with immediate and delayed implant placement. No adverse reactions to the biomaterials were detected, and the membrane was completely resorbed after healing. The resorbable fixation screws used in both cases held the membranes in place during bone formation and were completely resorbed. Therefore, the pure magnesium membrane and magnesium fixation screws were found to be excellent biomaterials for GBR, which supports the findings of the literature review. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Biomaterials for Medical Applications)

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