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Biomechanical Studies and Biomaterials in Dentistry (2nd Edition)
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Biomechanical Studies and Biomaterials in Dentistry (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Journal of Functional Biomaterials (ISSN 2079-4983). This special issue belongs to the section "Dental Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2026 | Viewed by 8113

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hyun-jung Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Interests: clinical dentistry; esthetic dentistry; restorative dentistry; dental regeneration; endodontics; composite resins; dental biomaterials; teeth whitening; biomechanics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Nicholas G. Fischer

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Interests: dental biomaterials; surface modification; antimicrobial biomaterials; hemidesmosomes; surface analysis; peptide-based biomaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is with great pleasure that we invite you to contribute to the Special Issue titled "Biomechanical Studies and Biomaterials in Dentistry (2nd Edition)" in the Journal of Functional Biomaterials. The integration of biomechanics and biomaterials in dentistry has led to significant advancements, resulting in improved patient outcomes and innovative treatment approaches. With the advent of cutting-edge technologies and novel materials, the dental field is experiencing a paradigm shift towards more personalized and effective treatments. This Special Issue aims to feature these advancements by introducing the latest research and developments from around the world, providing a platform for high-quality studies that push the boundaries of current knowledge and practice in dental biomechanics and biomaterials.

This Special Issue aims to explore the latest research and developments in this interdisciplinary area. The focus includes the following topics:

  1. Biomechanical analysis: studies on the mechanical properties of dental materials and their behavior under various physiological conditions.
  2. Innovative biomaterials: the development and characterization of new biomaterials that enhance dental treatments and patient comfort.
  3. Clinical applications: case studies and clinical trials showcasing the application of biomechanical principles and advanced biomaterials in dental practice.
  4. Computational modeling: the use of computational tools to simulate and predict the performance of dental biomaterials in clinical scenarios.
  5. Regenerative dentistry: research on biomaterials that supports tissue regeneration and repair within the oral cavity.
  6. Nanotechnology in dentistry: the exploration of nanomaterials and their potential to revolutionize dental treatments.

Through this Special Issue, we aim to bring together researchers, clinicians, and industry professionals to share their insights and findings. We invite authors to submit original research articles and comprehensive reviews that align with the theme of this Special Issue. Together, let us advance the frontiers of dental biomaterials and biomechanics for the benefit of patients and the broader medical community.

Dr. Hyun-jung Kim
Dr. Nicholas G. Fischer
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Functional Biomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomaterials
  • dental
  • restorative dentistry
  • regenerative dentistry
  • composite resins
  • nanotechnology in dentistry
  • biomechanical analysis
  • computational modeling

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 2298 KB  
Article
Differential Response of Stro-1+ and Stro-1− Shed to Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Stimulation: Viability, Matrix Production and Lineage Commitment
by Zornitsa Mihaylova, Marina Miteva, Emilia Karova, Natalia Grancharova, Violeta Dogandzhiyska, Mirela Marinova-Takorova, Krasimir Hristov, Vanyo Mitev, Evgeny Aleksiev, Dimitar Kosturkov, Nadezhda Mitova, Irina Tsenova-Ilieva and Nikolay Ishkitiev
J. Funct. Biomater. 2026, 17(3), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb17030138 - 10 Mar 2026
Abstract
Stem cell heterogeneity represents a critical yet underexplored variable in laser-assisted regenerative strategies. While photobiomodulation has been shown to influence mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) behavior, it remains unclear whether stem cell maturation status modulates responsiveness to Er,Cr:YSGG irradiation. This study investigated the differential [...] Read more.
Stem cell heterogeneity represents a critical yet underexplored variable in laser-assisted regenerative strategies. While photobiomodulation has been shown to influence mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) behavior, it remains unclear whether stem cell maturation status modulates responsiveness to Er,Cr:YSGG irradiation. This study investigated the differential response of magnetically separated STRO-1+ and STRO-1− SHED subpopulations to low-power Er,Cr:YSGG laser stimulation (0.10 W and 0.25 W), focusing on viability, extracellular matrix production, and lineage commitment. STRO-1+ cells comprised 13.4% ± 1.2% of the total Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous teeth (SHED) population. Laser exposure did not impair metabolic activity in either subpopulation. Collagen synthesis demonstrated a power- and time-dependent increase, with maximal enhancement observed in STRO-1+ cells at 0.25 W after 7 days. Laser irradiation selectively promoted osteogenic differentiation, as evidenced by increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression at 0.10 W and enhanced mineral deposition, while chondrogenic potential remained unaffected and adipogenesis was reduced following 0.10 W exposure. These findings suggest that ALP expression is temporally and power-dependently modulated during osteogenic progression. Overall, Er,Cr:YSGG photobiomodulation does not uniformly affect heterogeneous SHED populations but modulates lineage allocation and extracellular matrix deposition in a maturation- and power-dependent manner. Integrating stem cell subpopulation selection with laser-based bioactivation may represent a strategy to refine regenerative endodontic and biomaterial-guided therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomechanical Studies and Biomaterials in Dentistry (2nd Edition))
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13 pages, 2481 KB  
Article
Transformation Temperatures and Mechanical Properties in Bending of a Multizone Rhodium-Coated NiTi Archwire: A Retrieval Analysis Study
by Iosif Sifakakis, Alexandros Banis, Ioulia-Maria Mylonopoulou, Thomai Papadaki, Nikos Boukos and Christoph Bourauel
J. Funct. Biomater. 2026, 17(3), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb17030112 - 26 Feb 2026
Viewed by 306
Abstract
This study compared the mechanical and thermal properties of new and retrieved multizone rhodium-coated superelastic nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires across anterior and posterior segments. Using three-point bending tests, Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy analysis, and multiple linear regression, it was found that the [...] Read more.
This study compared the mechanical and thermal properties of new and retrieved multizone rhodium-coated superelastic nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires across anterior and posterior segments. Using three-point bending tests, Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy analysis, and multiple linear regression, it was found that the posterior segments of new wires generated forces 0.50–0.80 N higher than those of anterior or retrieved specimens. While anterior segments exhibited higher austenite start and finish temperatures (by 6.15 °C and 5.21 °C, respectively) compared to posterior segments, these temperatures remained below average intraoral levels, and clinical retrieval did not significantly alter transformation temperatures. However, retrieved wires produced lower overall forces, likely due to surface cracking identified through microscopy. Ultimately, while posterior segments consistently generate higher forces than anterior segments, the observed reduction in force over time and the risk of surface degradation led to the conclusion that these archwires are not recommended for tooth movements exceeding 2 mm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomechanical Studies and Biomaterials in Dentistry (2nd Edition))
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13 pages, 1200 KB  
Article
Efficiency and Risk Assessment of Dental Bridge Removal Tools on Implant Abutments
by Gianmario Schierano, Domenico Baldi, Cristina Bignardi, Mara Terzini and Andrea Tancredi Lugas
J. Funct. Biomater. 2026, 17(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb17010033 - 8 Jan 2026
Viewed by 1013
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficiency and potential risks associated with three clinical tools for removing cement-retained implant-supported prostheses: Magnetic Mallet, sliding hammer, and Coronaflex. The tests consisted of: cementation of three-unit bridge models onto titanium abutments with different geometries using Zinc Oxide non-eugenol [...] Read more.
This study evaluated the efficiency and potential risks associated with three clinical tools for removing cement-retained implant-supported prostheses: Magnetic Mallet, sliding hammer, and Coronaflex. The tests consisted of: cementation of three-unit bridge models onto titanium abutments with different geometries using Zinc Oxide non-eugenol or Zinc Phosphate cement. Seven different geometries of three-unit bridges were tested; therefore, a total of 7 bridges × 2 luting agents × 3 tools were combined in a full factorial analysis. Five test replicates were performed for each combination, resulting in a total of 5 × 7 × 2 × 3 = 210 retrieval tests. The 70 tests regarding the Coronaflex were taken from a previously conducted experiment on the topic, using the same dental bridge models and the same experimental conditions. Efficiency was assessed by the percentage of successful removals and the maximum force recorded with a piezoelectric load cell. For temporary cementations, the sliding hammer achieved the highest retrieval rate, while the Magnetic Mallet demonstrated comparable efficiency with lower forces. Coronaflex showed lower success rates and higher forces than Magnetic Mallet. For permanent cementations, most bridges were not removable, and attempts with the sliding hammer occasionally resulted in abutment screw damage. Within the limitations of this study, the Magnetic Mallet appears to be an effective option for removing bridges cemented with temporary cement, potentially in combination with a sliding hammer for highly retentive geometries. Zinc phosphate cement should be avoided when retrievability is desired, except for abutments with very low retention capability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomechanical Studies and Biomaterials in Dentistry (2nd Edition))
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38 pages, 10881 KB  
Article
Biomechanical Effects of Platform Diameter and Screw Length in an Abutment-Free Tissue-Level Implant System Compared with a Ti-Base Configuration: 3D Finite Element Analysis
by Aliona Dodi, Alecsandru Ionescu, Mihaela Anca Marin, Emil Nuțu, Vlad Gabriel Vasilescu, Ana Maria Cristina Țâncu, Toma Lucian Ciocan and Marina Imre
J. Funct. Biomater. 2026, 17(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb17010019 - 26 Dec 2025
Viewed by 760
Abstract
This finite element analysis compared a tissue-level implant with an engaging Ti-base to abutment-free, direct-to-implant, tissue-level configurations (3.7 mm and 4.5 mm platforms; short and long retention screws) to examine how platform width and screw length influence stresses under axial and oblique loads. [...] Read more.
This finite element analysis compared a tissue-level implant with an engaging Ti-base to abutment-free, direct-to-implant, tissue-level configurations (3.7 mm and 4.5 mm platforms; short and long retention screws) to examine how platform width and screw length influence stresses under axial and oblique loads. Five configurations were modeled with identical materials and boundary conditions. Screw preload corresponding to a tightening torque of 35 N·cm was applied in the first step, followed by either a 400 N axial load or a 300 N at 30°. Oblique loading dominated the mechanical response, increasing stresses relative to axial loading and concentrating them at the implant neck and first thread, as well as at the crown screw-access and antirotation regions. Under oblique loads, the 3.7 mm platform implant showed the highest stresses, whereas the 4.5 mm platform implant was comparable to or slightly less stressed than the Ti-base configuration, whose peaks remained confined to a small internal recess. Crown stresses remained localized around the antirotation features, while the composite layer bore negligible load. Within the limitations of this numerical model, abutment-free, direct-to-implant workflows may achieve biomechanical performance comparable to Ti-base solutions if platform and screw selection are aligned with the occlusal scheme, but ISO-style fatigue testing and experimental or clinical validation are required. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomechanical Studies and Biomaterials in Dentistry (2nd Edition))
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26 pages, 3733 KB  
Article
Simulation of the Periodontal Ligament in Dental Materials Research: A CAD/CAM-Based Method for PDL Modeling
by Przemysław Kosewski, Juliusz Kosewski and Agnieszka Mielczarek
J. Funct. Biomater. 2025, 16(12), 429; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb16120429 - 24 Nov 2025
Viewed by 1785
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) is essential for the physiological mobility and load distribution of natural teeth, yet its simulation in mechanical testing remains inconsistent and insufficiently standardized. The absence of a resilient suspension system can alter force transmission, affect failure patterns, and reduce [...] Read more.
The periodontal ligament (PDL) is essential for the physiological mobility and load distribution of natural teeth, yet its simulation in mechanical testing remains inconsistent and insufficiently standardized. The absence of a resilient suspension system can alter force transmission, affect failure patterns, and reduce the clinical relevance of in vitro outcomes. This study aimed to develop a reproducible CAD/CAM-based model for PDL simulation that provides elastic suspension of a tooth replica under laboratory conditions. A digitally defined offset was applied around a tooth replica to create a controlled PDL space, which was filled with polyether. To ensure precise seating of the specimens, a 3D-printed positioning device was used. Functional calibration was performed using Periotest measurements to identify the offset that reproduced physiological tooth mobility. A digital offset of 0.85 mm produced a radiographically confirmed polyether layer of 0.86 ± 0.05 mm and yielded Periotest values comparable to natural teeth in the horizontal direction (mean PTV = 2.99 ± 0.92). Vertical measurements demonstrated higher damping (mean PTV = −4.02 ± 0.56), consistent with the anisotropic behavior of natural PDL. The model showed high fabrication accuracy and predictable mechanical behavior, providing a physiologically relevant method for incorporating PDL simulation into laboratory mechanical testing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomechanical Studies and Biomaterials in Dentistry (2nd Edition))
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15 pages, 1670 KB  
Article
Optical and Mechanical Characteristics of One-Shade Composite Resins
by Jee Eun Shim, Hyun-Jung Kim, Soram Oh and Ji-Hyun Jang
J. Funct. Biomater. 2025, 16(11), 419; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb16110419 - 8 Nov 2025
Viewed by 1413
Abstract
This study evaluated the optical and mechanical properties of two single-shade composite resins compared with a conventional multi-shade composite. Omnichroma (OM), Metafil Bulk Fill ONE (BO), and Filtek Z350XT (Z350) were tested. Color adjustment was assessed using A3, B1, and C4 background cavities, [...] Read more.
This study evaluated the optical and mechanical properties of two single-shade composite resins compared with a conventional multi-shade composite. Omnichroma (OM), Metafil Bulk Fill ONE (BO), and Filtek Z350XT (Z350) were tested. Color adjustment was assessed using A3, B1, and C4 background cavities, and ΔE00 values were calculated. The translucency parameter (TP) was measured, and the flexural strength, flexural modulus, and depth of cure (B/T ratio) were determined. OM and BO showed better color adjustment performance on brighter (B1) backgrounds and decreased matching on darker (C4) ones. OM maintained stable color adjustment across cavity depths, while BO showed improved adjustment in shallower cavities. Both exhibited higher TP values than Z350. The control group (Z350) had the highest flexural strength and modulus, though BO’s flexural strength was comparable. OM and BO showed sufficient mechanical strength and a greater depth of cure compared to Z350. Our study indicated that the one-shade composite resins OM and BO exhibited better color adjustment performance compared to conventional composite resins due to the influence of the surrounding shades, with a better adjustment ability on brighter backgrounds. Additionally, OM and BO demonstrated sufficient strength and a higher depth of cure compared to the control group. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomechanical Studies and Biomaterials in Dentistry (2nd Edition))
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20 pages, 81766 KB  
Article
Experimental Biomechanical Analysis of the Bone-to-Implant Connection in Single-Piece Implants
by Karina Krawiec, Adam Kurzawa, Jakub J. Słowiński, Calin Romulus Fodor and Łukasz Pałka
J. Funct. Biomater. 2025, 16(10), 393; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb16100393 - 19 Oct 2025
Viewed by 2177
Abstract
The mechanical properties of dental implants are critical for their durability. The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum force required to induce full pull-out of a titanium implant from the bone and to characterize the mechanical behavior during this process. [...] Read more.
The mechanical properties of dental implants are critical for their durability. The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum force required to induce full pull-out of a titanium implant from the bone and to characterize the mechanical behavior during this process. First, pull-out tests were performed on monolithic implants embedded in bovine ribs and foam blocks that mimic the mechanical parameters of human bone, allowing a quantitative evaluation of implant–bone interface strength and a comparison of geometric variants. Second, the extraction process was recreated in a three dimensional finite element model incorporating nonlinear interface contact and parameterization, enabling the reproduction of load–displacement curves; the results obtained showed good agreement with the experiment. Third, the fracture surfaces were observed macroscopically and by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results demonstrated significant distinctions in the forces required to extract implants with varying thread geometries, clearly indicating the impact of implant design on their mechanical stability. The presented FEM-based methodology provides a reliable tool to study mechanical interactions at the implant–bone interface. The findings obtained can improve our understanding of implant behavior in biological systems and provide a basis for further optimization of their design. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomechanical Studies and Biomaterials in Dentistry (2nd Edition))
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