Functional Nanomaterials and Nanobiosensors: Synthesis, Characterization and Medical Application

A special issue of Journal of Functional Biomaterials (ISSN 2079-4983). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials and Devices for Healthcare Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2023) | Viewed by 5763

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
Interests: chemical and biological sensors; optical sensors; metal nanomaterials; catalysis; plasmonics; microfluidics; disease diagnosis; environmental monitoring
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the past two decades, functional nanomaterials have received great attention as sensing materials for the development of advanced biomedical sensors owing to their unique and promising features. Typically, when bulk materials are transformed into nanomaterials, two important effects (i.e., quantum confinement effect and drastically altered specific surface area) and their unique interplay come to dominate their properties. As a result, nanomaterials can possess a variety of intriguing physiochemical properties, including novel and enhanced electric, magnetic, optical, and catalytic activities, allowing them to serve as efficient signal transducers to construct sensing surfaces and probes for biosensing. More significantly, with the rapid advancements in fundamental research on nanomaterials synthesis, it become possible to tightly control the size, shape, composition, and structure of nanomaterials with atomic precision. Such precise control enables fine tuning of the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, representing a substantially more effective means of enhancing the performance of constructed biosensors. The resulting high-performance nanobiosensors are thus very attractive for biomedical applications involving acquisition of physiological and pathological information.

This Special Issue therefore aims to highlight functional nanomaterials as emerging sensing materials for the development of biosensors toward biomedical application. Topics of interest for this issue include but are not limited to:

  • Design, synthesis, and characterization of novel functional nanomaterials with new properties that have promising potentials in biosensing application;
  • Design and construction of novel nanobiosensors with enhanced performance based on using functional nanomaterials;
  • Emerging application of nanobiosensors in biomedical field, such as in vitro and in vivo diagnostics;
  • Demonstration of new physiological and pathological processes using nanobiosensors;
  • New mechanisms for synthesis of functional bionanomaterials;
  • New sensing principles for nanobiosensors.

Both original research articles and comprehensive reviews will be considered for publication in this Special Issue.

Dr. Zhuangqiang Gao
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nanomaterials
  • physiochemical properties
  • biosensors
  • biomarkers
  • biomedicine
  • diagnosis

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3303 KiB  
Article
VEGF Detection via Impedance Spectroscopy on Surface Functionalized Interdigitated Biosensor
by Yue-Der Lin, Serge Ismael Zida, Chu-Chun Yang and Yit Lung Khung
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(7), 365; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14070365 - 12 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1396
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a clinically important biomarker, often plays a key role in angiogenesis, would healing, tumor growth, lung development, and in retinal diseases. Hence, detecting and quantifying VEGF is deemed medically important in clinical diagnosis for many diseases. In this [...] Read more.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a clinically important biomarker, often plays a key role in angiogenesis, would healing, tumor growth, lung development, and in retinal diseases. Hence, detecting and quantifying VEGF is deemed medically important in clinical diagnosis for many diseases. In this report, a simple yet highly cost-effective platform was proposed for VEGF protein detection using commercially available interdigitated sensors that are surface modified to present DNA optimally for VEGF capture. The dielectric characteristics between the fingers of the sensor were modulated by the negatively charged aptamer-VEGF capture, and the impedance was estimated using an impedance analyzer. Impedance-spectra tests were compared among pristine unmodified surfaces, functionalized monolayer surfaces, and aptamer-grafted surfaces in order to evaluate the efficacy of VEGF detection. From our results, the sensitivity experiments as conducted showed the ability of the interdigitated sensor to detect VEGF at a low concentration of 5 pM (200 pg/mL). The specificity of the functionalized sensor in detecting VEGF was further examined by comparing the impedance to platelet-derived growth factor, and the results confirm the specificity of the sensor. Finally, the Nyquist plot of impedance spectra was also presented to help data visualization and the overall performance of the device was found to be a highly suitable template for a smart biosensor for the detection of VEGF. Full article
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17 pages, 3218 KiB  
Article
The Peroxidase-like Nanocomposites as Hydrogen Peroxide-Sensitive Elements in Cholesterol Oxidase-Based Biosensors for Cholesterol Assay
by Olha Demkiv, Wojciech Nogala, Nataliya Stasyuk, Nadiya Grynchyshyn, Bohdan Vus and Mykhailo Gonchar
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(6), 315; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14060315 - 7 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1724
Abstract
Catalytically active nanomaterials, in particular, nanozymes, are promising candidates for applications in biosensors due to their excellent catalytic activity, stability and cost-effective preparation. Nanozymes with peroxidase-like activities are prospective candidates for applications in biosensors. The purpose of the current work is to develop [...] Read more.
Catalytically active nanomaterials, in particular, nanozymes, are promising candidates for applications in biosensors due to their excellent catalytic activity, stability and cost-effective preparation. Nanozymes with peroxidase-like activities are prospective candidates for applications in biosensors. The purpose of the current work is to develop cholesterol oxidase-based amperometric bionanosensors using novel nanocomposites as peroxidase (HRP) mimetics. To select the most electroactive chemosensor on hydrogen peroxide, a wide range of nanomaterials were synthesized and characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry. Pt NPs were deposited on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in order to improve the conductivity and sensitivity of the nanocomposites. The most HRP-like active bi-metallic CuFe nanoparticles (nCuFe) were placed on a previously nano-platinized electrode, followed by conjugation of cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) in a cross-linking film formed by cysteamine and glutaraldehyde. The constructed nanostructured bioelectrode ChOx/nCuFe/nPt/GCE was characterized by CV and chronoamperometry in the presence of cholesterol. The bionanosensor (ChOx/nCuFe/nPt/GCE) shows a high sensitivity (3960 A·M−1·m−2) for cholesterol, a wide linear range (2–50 µM) and good storage stability at a low working potential (−0.25 V vs. Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl). The constructed bionanosensor was tested on a real serum sample. A detailed comparative analysis of the bioanalytical characteristics of the developed cholesterol bionanosensor and the known analogs is presented. Full article
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13 pages, 2816 KiB  
Article
Amperometric Miniaturised Portable Enzymatic Nanobiosensor for the Ultrasensitive Analysis of a Prostate Cancer Biomarker
by Stefania Hroncekova, Lenka Lorencova, Tomas Bertok, Michal Hires, Eduard Jane, Marek Bučko, Peter Kasak and Jan Tkac
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(3), 161; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14030161 - 17 Mar 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2119
Abstract
Screen-printing technology is a game changer in many fields including electrochemical biosensing. Two-dimensional nanomaterial MXene Ti3C2Tx was integrated as a nanoplatform to immobilise enzyme sarcosine oxidase (SOx) onto the interface of screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). A miniaturised, portable, [...] Read more.
Screen-printing technology is a game changer in many fields including electrochemical biosensing. Two-dimensional nanomaterial MXene Ti3C2Tx was integrated as a nanoplatform to immobilise enzyme sarcosine oxidase (SOx) onto the interface of screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). A miniaturised, portable, and cost-effective nanobiosensor was constructed using chitosan as a biocompatible glue for the ultrasensitive detection of prostate cancer biomarker sarcosine. The fabricated device was characterised with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Sarcosine was detected indirectly via the amperometric detection of H2O2 formed during enzymatic reaction. The nanobiosensor could detect sarcosine down to 7.0 nM with a maximal peak current output at 4.10 ± 0.35 × 10−5 A using only 100 µL of a sample per measurement. The assay run in 100 μL of an electrolyte showed the first linear calibration curve in a concentration window of up to 5 μM with a slope of 2.86 μA·μM−1, and the second linear calibration curve in the range of 5–50 μM with a slope of 0.32 ± 0.01 μA·μM−1 (R2 = 0.992). The device provided a high recovery index of 92.5% when measuring an analyte spiked into artificial urine, and could be used for detection of sarcosine in urine for at least a period of 5 weeks after the preparation. Full article
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