Journal of Functional Biomaterials

How Biomaterials and Implants Influence the Healing after Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation

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Dear Colleagues,

Sinus floor elevation through a lateral access is a well-documented procedure used to increase bone volume in the posterior segments of the maxilla. Grafts of different nature have been used to fill the elevated space, resulting in optimal results. Nevertheless, several aspects have to be considered when grafts are used. The graft might be resorbed or degraded at various degrees or might be interpenetrated by bone or just surrounded by it. Graft resorption might be more marked with some grafts, resulting in a higher loss of volume and a corresponding lower percentage of graft residual. It has been shown that not resorbed graft granules contained within a composite bone might affect osseointegration of implants. Moreover, the sharpened edges of residual graft in the peripherical regions might induce sinus mucosa thinning and perforations. One of the most beautiful aspects of research is that when a topic seems sufficiently studied and that no news can be added, new discoveries arise that provide new research insights. I kindly ask you to submit to the present Special Issue your novel results in the field of sinus floor elevation.

Dr. Daniele Botticelli
Prof. Dr. Adriano Piattelli
Guest Editors

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Keywords

implant
sinus floor elevation
membrane
antrostomy
CBCT
biomaterial
sinus augmentation
xenograft

Published Papers (2 papers)

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13 pages, 4091 KiB

Open AccessArticle

ESEM-EDX Mineralization and Morphological Analysis of Human Retrieved Maxillary Sinus Bone Graft Biopsies before Loading

by Hideki Imai, Carlo Prati, Fausto Zamparini, Giovanna Iezzi, Daniele Botticelli, Maria Giovanna Gandolfi and Shunsuke Baba

J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(7), 391; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14070391 - 24 Jul 2023

Viewed by 999

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the morphology of bone graft granules, the presence of granule demineralization, and bone morphology in retrieved human maxillary sinus bone graft biopsies. Healthy patients underwent sinus bone augmentation using lateral access. Two different dimensions of the antrostomy were performed, a 4 mm or 8 mm height. After 6 months, all sites received one implant using a flap technique, crestal positioning, and submerged healing. Implant biopsies were retrieved after 3 months and were histologically processed. The ESEM analysis was performed on the entire portion of the peri-implant bone (up to 750 µm from the implant thread). Three different regions of interest (ROIs) were selected: the coronal, middle, and apical portions of the implant. In these areas, EDX was performed, and calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), nitrogen (N), and their atomic ratios (Ca/P, Ca/N, and P/N) were calculated. Different bone tissue electron-dense areas were detected through grayscale intensity quantification of ESEM images with different organic (N) or inorganic (Ca,P) compositions. A total of 16 biopsies from 16 healthy patients were analyzed. Bone graft granules were mostly detected in the apical ROI. New bone tissue bridges were detected in the apical and middle ROI. These structures, with lower Ca/N and P/N ratios, were connected and enveloped the bone graft granules. Cortical ROI revealed the most mineralized bone tissue. Conclusions: After 9 months, bone graft resorption was only partially completed and new bone tissue appeared less mineralized in the middle and apical ROI than in the coronal ROI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue How Biomaterials and Implants Influence the Healing after Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation)

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14 pages, 2692 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Evaluation of Bone Response to a Nano HA Implant Surface on Sinus Lifting Procedures: Study in Rabbits

by Sergio H. L. Martins, Uislen B. Cadore, Arthur B. Novaes, Jr., Michel R. Messora, Bruna Ghiraldini, Fabio J. B. Bezerra, Daniele Botticelli and Sergio L. S. de Souza

J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(3), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13030122 - 21 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1563

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone response to two different implant surfaces on sinus lift procedures in rabbits. Bilateral sinus lifting with inorganic bovine bone associated with collagen membrane and immediate implantation were performed in 16 rabbits. Custom mini-implants were randomly installed in the prepared sites: one side received a double acid-etched (DAE) surface and the other a nano-hydroxyapatite (NHA) surface. The animals were euthanized 30 and 60 days after surgery, and biopsies were collected for microtomographic and histomorphometric analysis. After 30 days, no intra- and inter-group statistical differences were observed in microtomographic analysis, while at 60 days, bone analysis showed statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05) for all the evaluated parameters. Histomorphometric analysis showed, after 30 days, mean % of Bone-to-Implant Contact (BIC) for DAE and NHA of 31.70 ± 10.42% vs. 40.60 ± 10.22% (p > 0.05), respectively; for % of Bone Area Fraction Occupancy (BAFO), mean values were 45.43 ± 3.597% for DAE and 57.04 ± 5.537% for NHA (p < 0.05). After 60 days, mean %BIC and %BAFO for DAE and NHA implants were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The NHA surface showed superior biological features compared to the DAE treatment, promoting higher bone formation around the implants in an experimental model of bone repair in a grafted area. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue How Biomaterials and Implants Influence the Healing after Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation)

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