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Impact of Ocean Wave Loads on Marine Structures
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Impact of Ocean Wave Loads on Marine Structures

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 December 2024) | Viewed by 7032

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Shan Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering (CENTEC), Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: CFD; fluid-structure interaction; mooring analysis; naval hydrodynamics; slamming; ship vibration; floating production system; hydro-elastic response
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Carlos Guedes Soares

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering (CENTEC), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
Interests: marine environment; ship dynamics; marine structures; safety and reliability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue delves into the complex realm of ocean wave loads and their profound impact on various marine structures. The dynamic nature of the marine environment necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the forces exerted by waves on these structures, which include offshore platforms, ships, coastal infrastructure, and renewable energy installations. This Special Issue welcomes submissions that address various aspects of wave load analysis, including, but not limited to, the following:

  • Wave–Structure Interaction: Numerical simulations, experimental investigations, and analytical approaches to studying wave–structure interactions and their impact on structural integrity and performance.
  • Extreme Wave Loads: Studies on the prediction, characterization, and mitigation of extreme wave loads, including rogue waves and hurricane-driven waves.
  • Wave-Induced Vibrations: Research on the dynamic response and vibrations induced by ocean waves, with a focus on fatigue and structural health monitoring.
  • Wave–Structure Interaction in Renewable Energy: Investigations into the impact of wave loads on offshore wind turbines, wave energy converters, and other renewable energy installations, with an emphasis on design optimization.
  • Wave Loads on Coastal Infrastructure: Assessments of wave loads on coastal structures, such as seawalls, breakwaters, and piers, considering climate change and rises in sea level.
  • Ship Design and Performance: Studies on the hydrodynamics of ships and their response to wave-induced loads, contributing to safer and more efficient ship design.

Dr. Shan Wang
Dr. Carlos Guedes Soares
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ocean wave loads
  • marine structures
  • wave–structure interaction
  • extreme wave loads
  • wave-induced vibrations
  • coastal infrastructure

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 8243 KiB  
Article
One-Way CFD/FEM Analysis of a Fish Cage in Current Conditions
by Mariana D. Viegas, Shan Wang and C. Guedes Soares
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(12), 2268; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12122268 - 10 Dec 2024
Viewed by 352
Abstract
This study explores the hydrodynamic behaviour of a fish cage in a steady current by employing a fluid–structure interaction model with one-way coupling between a fluid solver and a structural model. The fluid field around the fish cage is predicted using a computational [...] Read more.
This study explores the hydrodynamic behaviour of a fish cage in a steady current by employing a fluid–structure interaction model with one-way coupling between a fluid solver and a structural model. The fluid field around the fish cage is predicted using a computational fluid dynamics solver, while the stress and deformation of the netting are calculated using finite element structural algorithm with solid elements reflecting their real geometry. The fluid velocity and hydrodynamic pressure are calculated and mapped to the structural analysis model. The fluid–structure interaction model is validated by comparing drag force results with published experimental data at different current conditions. Instead of modelling the netting of the fish cage as porous media or using lumped mass methods, the complete structural model is built in detail. The analysis of the fluid field around the nets shows that the change in the current condition has a limited impact on the flow behaviour, but the increase in the current velocity significantly enhances the magnitude of the drag force. This study reveals a reduction in flow within and downstream of the net, consistent with prior experimental findings and established research. Mechanical analysis shows that knotted nets have better performance than knotless ones, and although fluid pressure causes some structural deformation, it remains within safe limits, preventing material failure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Ocean Wave Loads on Marine Structures)
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34 pages, 20839 KiB  
Article
Operation Analysis of the Floating Derrick for Offshore Wind Turbine Installation Based on Machine Learning
by Jia Yu, Honglong Li, Shan Wang and Xinghua Shi
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(12), 2136; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12122136 - 22 Nov 2024
Viewed by 606
Abstract
To investigate the influencing factors on the operation of an offshore wind turbine installation ship, a neural network, as a machine-learning method, is built to predict and analyze the motion response of a floating derrick in the process of a lifting operation under [...] Read more.
To investigate the influencing factors on the operation of an offshore wind turbine installation ship, a neural network, as a machine-learning method, is built to predict and analyze the motion response of a floating derrick in the process of a lifting operation under an external environmental load. The numerical method for the double floating body, from the software SESAM/SIMA, is validated against the experiments. The numerical method is used to establish the floating derrick-lifting impeller model to obtain the motions of the ship and impeller and the coupling effect. Based on the numerical results, the BP neural network model is built to predict the ship’s operation. The results show that the BP neural network model for the floating derrick and impeller motion prediction is very feasible. Combined with the Rules for Lifting Appliances of Ships and Offshore Installations and the Noble Denton Guidelines for Marine Lifting Operations, the operation of the floating crane system can be determined based on the environmental parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Ocean Wave Loads on Marine Structures)
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27 pages, 7064 KiB  
Article
Uncertainty of Wave Spectral Shape and Parameters Associated with the Spectral Estimation
by Guilherme Clarindo, Ricardo M. Campos and Carlos Guedes Soares
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(9), 1666; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12091666 - 18 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1028
Abstract
The uncertainty in estimating the wave spectrum from the records of wave elevation by heave–pitch–roll buoys is studied, considering the effects of the estimation method and the spectral resolution adopted in the process. This investigation utilizes measurements from a wave buoy moored in [...] Read more.
The uncertainty in estimating the wave spectrum from the records of wave elevation by heave–pitch–roll buoys is studied, considering the effects of the estimation method and the spectral resolution adopted in the process. This investigation utilizes measurements from a wave buoy moored in deep water in the South Atlantic Ocean. First, the spectra are computed using the autocorrelation function and the direct Fourier method. Second, the spectral resolution is tested in terms of degrees of freedom. The degrees of freedom are varied, and the resulting spectra and integrated parameters are computed, showing significant variability. A simple and robust methodology for determining the wave spectrum is suggested, which involves calculating the average energy density in each frequency band. The results of this methodology reduce the variability of the estimated parameters, improving overall accuracy while preserving frequency resolution, which is crucial in complex sea states. Additionally, to demonstrate the feasibility of the implemented approach, the final spectrum is fitted using an empirical model ideal for that type of spectrum. Finally, the performance and the goodness of the fit process for the final averaged curve are checked by widely used statistical metrics, such as R2 = 0.97 and root mean square error = 0.49. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Ocean Wave Loads on Marine Structures)
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22 pages, 5668 KiB  
Article
Study on the Dynamic Response of Offshore Triceratops under Freak Waves
by Nagavinothini Ravichandran and Butsawan Bidorn
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(8), 1260; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081260 - 26 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 767
Abstract
Freak waves are characterized by extreme wave height, irregular wave shape, high peak energy, short duration, and formidable destructive potential, posing a significant threat to offshore structures. Therefore, analyzing dynamic responses exhibited by advanced offshore platforms such as the offshore triceratops under the [...] Read more.
Freak waves are characterized by extreme wave height, irregular wave shape, high peak energy, short duration, and formidable destructive potential, posing a significant threat to offshore structures. Therefore, analyzing dynamic responses exhibited by advanced offshore platforms such as the offshore triceratops under the influence of freak waves holds paramount importance. However, the response analysis of offshore triceratops under freak waves has not been explored so far in the literature. Hence, the present study aims to investigate the dynamics of offshore triceratops intended for ultradeep waters under the impact of freak waves. Initially, the dual superposition model was utilized to generate the freak waves, and the numerical model of the platform was developed using ANSYS AQWA. Subsequently, the dynamic response characteristics of offshore triceratops under the influence of freak waves were analyzed in the time domain. The results demonstrate the effects of freak waves on the surge, heave, and pitch responses of the deck and buoyant legs were substantial, leading to a significant increase in maximum responses and variations in mean shift and standard deviations. The innovative insights derived from this study can serve as a benchmark for validating the effective performance and design of offshore triceratops. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Ocean Wave Loads on Marine Structures)
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26 pages, 10575 KiB  
Article
Sub-Nappe Air Cavity Pressure and Cavity Water Depth during Caisson Breakwater Overtopping by a Tsunami
by Taeksang Kim, Julien Noé Malherbe, Sirawit Shimpalee and Jeremy David Bricker
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(7), 1135; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071135 - 5 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1356
Abstract
The design of coastal and hydraulic structures must account for extreme conditions, such as wave overtopping, and consider variables that may not be relevant under normal circumstances to ensure safety. This research investigates the characteristics of air cavity pressure and cavity water depth [...] Read more.
The design of coastal and hydraulic structures must account for extreme conditions, such as wave overtopping, and consider variables that may not be relevant under normal circumstances to ensure safety. This research investigates the characteristics of air cavity pressure and cavity water depth beside an overflowed vertical caisson breakwater, focusing on the influence of flow conditions and hydraulic parameters for a slowly varying, surging-type tsunami. A physical model was used to conduct controlled experiments, enabling the study to explore various scenarios, including subcritical and supercritical downstream flows with varying downstream flume outlet heights and different upstream water depths. Dimensionless equations for air cavity pressure and cavity water depth were derived through multivariate regression analysis, providing a systematic approach to analyze their behaviors under different flow conditions. The results show that air cavity pressure is significantly influenced by the presence of air in the cavity, with a transition from fully ventilated to partially or non-ventilated conditions as the upstream water depth increases. Cavity water depth is observed to be deeper in the non-ventilated case, aligning with previous studies. The derived dimensionless equations demonstrate strong correlations, offering valuable tools for predicting air cavity pressure and cavity water depth under various scenarios, contributing to the design and analysis of hydraulic structures. This study provides insights into wave-structure interactions, extreme wave loads, and the dynamic responses of coastal infrastructures under wave-induced conditions. Overall, this research advances our understanding of air cavity pressure and cavity water depth behaviors, providing essential data for optimizing the design, performance, and safety of hydraulic and marine structures in response to complex ocean wave loads. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Ocean Wave Loads on Marine Structures)
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16 pages, 6705 KiB  
Article
Failure Analysis of a Suspended Inter-Array Power Cable between Two Spar-Type Floating Wind Turbines: Evaluating the Influence of Buoy Element Failure on the Cable
by Dan Liu, Marek Jan Janocha, Izwan Bin Ahmad and Muk Chen Ong
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 1001; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12061001 - 15 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1236
Abstract
The suspended configuration of inter-array power cables between floating offshore wind turbines necessitates using various ancillary equipment, such as buoy elements and bend stiffeners, to maintain the desired cable geometry. The failure analysis is an important step in the design of an inter-array [...] Read more.
The suspended configuration of inter-array power cables between floating offshore wind turbines necessitates using various ancillary equipment, such as buoy elements and bend stiffeners, to maintain the desired cable geometry. The failure analysis is an important step in the design of an inter-array dynamic power cable layout. This study investigates the impact of buoy element failures on the structural integrity and fatigue life of inter-array power cable configurations in offshore environments, focusing on four environmental conditions representative of the North Sea. Utilizing numerical simulations and fatigue analysis in OrcaFlex, static and dynamic analyses are conducted to assess maximum tension, minimum bend radius (MBR), and fatigue life under single and two failure scenarios of buoy elements. The results indicate that single buoy failures significantly increase maximum tension at hang-off points. At the same time, MBR is found to be the smallest at the failure position, aiding in failure point identification. In addition, for the two buoy element failure scenarios, the maximum tension increase poses risks to structural integrity, while MBR and fatigue life have high sensitivity to the applied environmental conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Ocean Wave Loads on Marine Structures)
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15 pages, 2895 KiB  
Article
Experimental and Numerical Investigations for Impact Loading on Platform Decks
by Baolei Geng, Keshuai Sun, Pu Gao, Ruijia Jin and Shengchao Jiang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 899; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12060899 - 28 May 2024
Viewed by 611
Abstract
Experimental measurement and numerical simulations were carried out for investigating the impact loading behavior of platform decks under regular and irregular wave actions. In the numerical simulation section, a full-scale numerical wave tank was established using STAR-CCM+ software. A decreased tendency can be [...] Read more.
Experimental measurement and numerical simulations were carried out for investigating the impact loading behavior of platform decks under regular and irregular wave actions. In the numerical simulation section, a full-scale numerical wave tank was established using STAR-CCM+ software. A decreased tendency can be observed for an increased relative length of platform when the incident wave length is double the deck length. The increased deck height can also decrease impact loading on the platform, which is due to the platform being far away from the incident wave. Impact loading on the deck decreases with the increase in inclination angle, which can be explained by the deck bottom being directly exposed to the incident wave at negative inclination angles. Finally, the variation tendency of impact loading on platform decks under irregular wave actions is similar to that under regular wave actions, including the averaged values and significant values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Ocean Wave Loads on Marine Structures)
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