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Latest Advances in Physical Oceanography—2nd Edition
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Latest Advances in Physical Oceanography—2nd Edition

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Oceanography".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2024) | Viewed by 6060

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. João Miguel Dias

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Guest Editor
Physics Department, CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Interests: physical oceanography; estuaries and lagoons; coastal processes; climate change; coastal flooding; tidal processes; numerical modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mª Teresa de Castro Rodríguez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
EPHYSLAB, Environmental PHYsics LABoratory, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
Interests: physical oceanography; coastal and estuarine hydrodynamics; river plume dynamics; coastal upwelling; atmosphere-ocean interaction; climate change impact; renewable energies (wave and wind energies)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Physical oceanography focuses on understanding the physical properties and processes of the world's oceans. It primarily deals with the study of the physical characteristics of seawater; the movement of ocean currents, waves, the distribution of temperature and salinity; and the interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere. The processes studied present a wide range of spatial scales, ranging from centimeter scales relevant to turbulence to the many thousand-kilometer scales of the global circulation, as well as from deep ocean and broader scales to shallow waters and local scales.

This Special Issue has specific objectives that aim to advance knowledge, promote collaboration, and disseminate cutting-edge research in this field. The primary objective is to showcase the latest developments and breakthroughs in the field of physical oceanography. This approach involves presenting research that employs novel methods, technologies, or approaches to study ocean processes. Physical oceanography often overlaps with other disciplines, like climate science, marine biology, and environmental science. This Special Issue aims to encourage interdisciplinary research by featuring studies that bridge gaps between these fields, serving as a platform for collaboration among researchers from different institutions, regions, or countries. Encouraging international cooperation and the exchange of ideas is a valuable goal of this Special Issue, which acts as a forum for discussing the future directions of physical oceanography research. This Special Issue will also focus on addressing the numerous challenges that face physical oceanography, including understanding climate change impacts, ocean circulation dynamics, and the behavior of marine ecosystems, by featuring research that provides insights and solutions. As technology evolves, so does our ability to study the ocean. This Special Issue aims to introduce and discuss cutting-edge technologies, such as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), satellite remote sensing, and high-performance computing, used in physical oceanography research. Lastly, this Special Issue aspires to have a lasting impact on the field by contributing to the body of knowledge and serving as a reference source for researchers, educators, and students interested in physical oceanography.

Prof. Dr. João Miguel Dias
Dr. Mª Teresa de Castro Rodríguez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • thermohaline circulation
  • wind-induced circulation
  • Ekman transport
  • tides
  • sea level change
  • tsunamis
  • storm surges
  • surface waves
  • internal waves
  • planetary waves
  • ocean–atmosphere interaction
  • climate variability
  • remote sensing

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 6650 KiB  
Article
Submesoscale Ageostrophic Processes in the Kuroshio and Their Impact on Phytoplankton Community Distribution
by Yuxuan Wang, Zheyue Shen, Jinjun Rao and Shuwen Zhang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(12), 2334; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12122334 - 19 Dec 2024
Viewed by 286
Abstract
This study focuses on typical regions of strong ageostrophic processes in the Kuroshio using high-resolution remote sensing satellite reanalysis data and Argo float data. By analyzing the relationship between the Rossby number and chlorophyll concentration from June to August in the summer of [...] Read more.
This study focuses on typical regions of strong ageostrophic processes in the Kuroshio using high-resolution remote sensing satellite reanalysis data and Argo float data. By analyzing the relationship between the Rossby number and chlorophyll concentration from June to August in the summer of 2020, the spatial characteristics of ageostrophic processes and their impact on the phytoplankton community distribution are explored. The results indicate that ageostrophic processes, driven by coastal topography, are stably generated in the regions of the Bashi Channel, northeastern Taiwan waters, southwestern Kyushu Island, and southern Shikoku Island. Furthermore, the intensity of these ageostrophic processes shows an overall positive correlation with chlorophyll concentration. The local mixing and subfront circulations induced by ageostrophic processes pump deep nutrients into the euphotic zone, supporting the growth and reproduction of phytoplankton, which leads to the formation of significant chlorophyll hotspots in regions controlled by ageostrophic processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in Physical Oceanography—2nd Edition)
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21 pages, 15242 KiB  
Article
Assessment of a Tropical Transition over the Southwestern South Atlantic Ocean: The Case of Cyclone Akará
by Michelle Simões Reboita, Natan Chrysostomo de Oliveira Nogueira, Isabelly Bianca dos Santos Gomes, Lucas Lemos da Cunha Palma and Rosmeri Porfírio da Rocha
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(11), 1934; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12111934 - 29 Oct 2024
Viewed by 870
Abstract
Tropical cyclones are rare in the South Atlantic Ocean. Hurricane Catarina (2004), developed from a tropical transition, was the first documented case, followed by Iba (2019), which had a purely tropical genesis. In February 2024, the southeastern South Atlantic recorded its third tropical [...] Read more.
Tropical cyclones are rare in the South Atlantic Ocean. Hurricane Catarina (2004), developed from a tropical transition, was the first documented case, followed by Iba (2019), which had a purely tropical genesis. In February 2024, the southeastern South Atlantic recorded its third tropical cyclone, Akará, initially a subtropical system. Due to the specific conditions required for tropical cyclones to develop in this ocean basin, the main purpose of this study is to describe the physical mechanisms that triggered the genesis of Akará’s precursor and its tropical transition. Data from various sources and methodologies, including the cyclone phase space diagram, are used in this study. Results show that the passage of a cold front created an environment with horizontal wind shear, contributing to most of the cyclonic relative vorticity in the genesis region. This was the primary driver of cyclogenesis at 1200 UTC on 15 February, along with other secondary processes. The tropical transition occurred as the vertical shear weakened, and turbulent heat fluxes from the ocean to the atmosphere increased, enhancing diabatic processes that warmed the atmosphere. This led to the tropical transition at 0600 UTC on 17 February. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in Physical Oceanography—2nd Edition)
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20 pages, 10071 KiB  
Article
New Insights into Tyrrhenian Sea Warming and Heat Penetration through Long-Term Expendable Bathythermograph Data
by Tiziana Ciuffardi, Nadia Lo Bue, Giancarlo Raiteri, Salvatore Marullo and Vincenzo Artale
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(10), 1756; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12101756 - 4 Oct 2024
Viewed by 792
Abstract
The warming trend of the Mediterranean region is already well known, but there is still a lack of information on its seasonal/annual to multidecadal time scales and its distribution in all water masses, including deep water. New temporal and spatial evidence of this [...] Read more.
The warming trend of the Mediterranean region is already well known, but there is still a lack of information on its seasonal/annual to multidecadal time scales and its distribution in all water masses, including deep water. New temporal and spatial evidence of this thermal variability has been presented in the Tyrrhenian Sea, thanks to twenty-year continuous monitoring by eXpendable BathyThermographs (XBTs) along a fixed route from Genoa to Palermo. The Tyrrhenian Sea is one of the deepest Mediterranean sub-basins (with a maximum depth of about 4000 m), but its interaction with neighbouring basins is controlled by topographical factors, such as the Sardinian Channel to the south and the Corsican Channel to the north. The way in which the warm signal, originating from the Levantine sub-basin, and entering from the south, affects the entire Tyrrhenian Basin spreading rapidly northwards is studied, considering its peculiarities, such as topography, surface circulation, and strong stratification, as well as its climate variability. The warming trend observed for the Tyrrhenian Sea is consistent with the trend for the Mediterranean Sea as a whole. However, the Tyrrhenian Sea shows some peculiar features: around 2014, a shift to a new equilibrium (warmer) state was detected, with mean values along the monitored route that were significantly higher than the previous period (from 1999 to 2013), especially for the subsurface level, from 100 to 450 m depth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in Physical Oceanography—2nd Edition)
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19 pages, 2652 KiB  
Article
Conceptual Models for Exploring Sea-Surface Temperature Variability Vis-à Long-Range Weather Forecasting
by Sergei Soldatenko
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(9), 1483; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12091483 - 27 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1103
Abstract
This paper analyzes the ability of three conceptual stochastic models (one-box, two-box, and diffusion models) to reproduce essential features of sea surface temperature variability on intra-annual time scales. The variability of sea surface temperature, which is particularly influenced by feedback mechanisms in ocean [...] Read more.
This paper analyzes the ability of three conceptual stochastic models (one-box, two-box, and diffusion models) to reproduce essential features of sea surface temperature variability on intra-annual time scales. The variability of sea surface temperature, which is particularly influenced by feedback mechanisms in ocean surface–atmosphere coupling processes, is characterized by power spectral density, commonly used to analyze the response of dynamical systems to random forcing. The models are aimed at studying local effects of ocean–atmosphere interactions. Comparing observed and theoretical power spectra shows that in dynamically inactive ocean regions (e.g., north-eastern part of the Pacific Ocean), sea surface temperature variability can be described by linear stochastic models such as one-box and two-box models. In regions of the world ocean (e.g., north-western Pacific Ocean, subtropics of the North Atlantic, the Southern Ocean), in which the observed sea surface temperature spectra on the intra-annual time scales do not obey the ν−2 law (where ν is a regular frequency), the formation mechanisms of sea surface anomalies are mainly determined by ocean circulation rather than by local ocean–atmosphere interactions. The diffusion model can be used for simulating sea surface temperature anomalies in such areas of the global ocean. The models examined are not able to reproduce the variability of sea surface temperature over the entire frequency range for two primary reasons; first, because the object of study, the ocean surface mixed layer, changes during the year, and second, due to the difference in the physics of processes involved at different time scales. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in Physical Oceanography—2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 6136 KiB  
Article
Semidiurnal Internal Tide Interference in the Northern South China Sea
by Wenhui Wang, Jiahui Li and Xiaodong Huang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 811; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12050811 - 13 May 2024
Viewed by 879
Abstract
Multiwave interference plays a crucial role in shaping the spatial variations of internal tides. Based on a combination of in situ mooring and altimeter data, interference of semidiurnal internal tides was investigated in the northern South China Sea. Mooring observations indicate the observed [...] Read more.
Multiwave interference plays a crucial role in shaping the spatial variations of internal tides. Based on a combination of in situ mooring and altimeter data, interference of semidiurnal internal tides was investigated in the northern South China Sea. Mooring observations indicate the observed kinetic-to-potential energy ratio and group speed are both relatively lower than the theoretical values of mode-1 semidiurnal internal tides, indicating the presence of partly-standing waves. This is consistent with the altimeter result that the mooring was located at the antinode within the interference pattern formed by the superposition of the westward and southward semidiurnal internal tides from the Luzon Strait and the continental slope of the southern Taiwan Strait. However, the kinetic-to-potential energy ratio and group velocity were notably changed when an anticyclonic eddy passed by the mooring. By employing the ray-tracing method, we identified that mesoscale processes may induce a phase difference in the semidiurnal internal tides between the Luzon Strait and the continental slope of the southern Taiwan Strait. This alteration further leads to changes in the positions of nodes and antinodes within the interference pattern of the semidiurnal internal tides. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in Physical Oceanography—2nd Edition)
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17 pages, 21014 KiB  
Article
Observations of Near-Inertial Internal Waves over the Continental Slope in the Northeastern Black Sea
by Elizaveta Khimchenko and Alexander Ostrovskii
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(3), 507; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12030507 - 19 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 995
Abstract
The article presents observations of near-inertial internal waves (NIWs) in the slope waters of the Black Sea in winter and summer. Rotary spectral analysis of a time series of sea current velocity measurements revealed the prevailing anticyclonic component of the motions near the [...] Read more.
The article presents observations of near-inertial internal waves (NIWs) in the slope waters of the Black Sea in winter and summer. Rotary spectral analysis of a time series of sea current velocity measurements revealed the prevailing anticyclonic component of the motions near the local inertial frequency f. The clockwise rotation of the velocity vector with depth implies that the NIWs propagate downwards. The amplitude of NIWs usually was 0.1–0.2 m s−1. NIWs were observed in the layer of the permanent pycnocline and the seasonal pycnocline, which attenuate below depths of 160 m and 80 m in winter and summer, respectively. The amplitude of the near-inertial kinetic energy (NIKE) showed a close relationship with vertical stratification. During winter, NIKE exhibited maximum values in the layer of the permanent pycnocline, whereas, in summer, it was primarily observed in the seasonal pycnocline layer. The near-inertial oscillations were generally more energetic in winter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in Physical Oceanography—2nd Edition)
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