Journal of Marine Science and Engineering

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20 pages, 10402 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design of Dihedral Bows: A New Type of Developable Added Bulbous Bows—Experimental Results

by Francisco Pérez-Arribas, Arturo Silva-Campillo and Héctor Rubén Díaz-Ojeda

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(11), 1691; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111691 - 8 Nov 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4075

Abstract

This paper presents the design and the experimental results of a new type of developable added bulbous bow that has been designated as a dihedral bow. This type of bow is based on polyhedral bows that are used in small vessels, whose origin [...] Read more.

This paper presents the design and the experimental results of a new type of developable added bulbous bow that has been designated as a dihedral bow. This type of bow is based on polyhedral bows that are used in small vessels, whose origin is traced to the 1990s. The bow is designed with a set of developable surfaces that are designed following previous methodology on surface design that considers material properties and can contain boundary curves. Two dihedral bow designs and their towing tank tests are presented in this work. A displacement and a semi-displacement hull were tested in two different loading conditions and for different Froude numbers. An important reduction of the effective power (PE) of the ships with the dihedral bow was observed during the experiments. There is a reduction of about 20% for the displacement hull and about 16% for the semi-displacement. The design methodology for the dihedral bows is presented in this paper together with experimental results on power, sink and trim. Dihedral bows are a good option for efficient small ship design, as well as larger ships. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Maritime and Ship Design)

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18 pages, 5883 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Simulation on Dynamic Characteristics of Longitudinal Launching of Large Container Ships

by Kaihua Liu, Yu Wang, Zhifei Wu, Juntao Pi, Wie Min Gho and Bo Zhou

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(11), 1583; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111583 - 26 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2106

Abstract

The upsizing and rapid development of container ships has resulted in many large ships launching in small slipways due to the lagging of advanced equipment. In particular, the dynamic characteristics of these large ships in the longitudinal launching operation under restricted water are [...] Read more.

The upsizing and rapid development of container ships has resulted in many large ships launching in small slipways due to the lagging of advanced equipment. In particular, the dynamic characteristics of these large ships in the longitudinal launching operation under restricted water are yet to be studied in detail. In this study, a ship model to simulate the longitudinal launching process of an 8500 TEU container ship was created based on the URANS method. The ship resistance in calm water was determined and validated against the experimental data. The influence of the stern appendage on the ship’s resistance and the flow field around the hull, with and without the aft poppet, under various water-depth-to-draught ratios was analyzed. A comparison of the ship’s resistance between the numerical and the experimental data shows that the difference is minimal, within 1.5%. The numerical results revealed that the aft poppets change the flow pattern and effectively reduce the pressure drag in the drifting stage. The shallow water causes a restraining effect on the ship. The proposed analytical approach in the numerical analysis, considering the aft poppet and the water depth, could provide a better simulation for a large ship’s longitudinal launching operation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Maritime and Ship Design)

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30 pages, 9398 KiB

Open AccessArticle

NURBS-Based Parametric Design for Ship Hull Form

by Hui Zhou, Baiwei Feng, Zuyuan Liu, Haichao Chang and Xide Cheng

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(5), 686; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050686 - 18 May 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4248

Abstract

Recently, the NURBS technique has been widely used in the 3D design software for ships. However, in most research, the NURBS technique is only applied to the mathematical representation of hull curves and surfaces, and the parametric deformation of hull surfaces based on [...] Read more.

Recently, the NURBS technique has been widely used in the 3D design software for ships. However, in most research, the NURBS technique is only applied to the mathematical representation of hull curves and surfaces, and the parametric deformation of hull surfaces based on geometric feature parameters is less understood. The aims of this paper are to establish the parametric design process of hull surfaces through the classification of geometric feature parameters and the design of feature curves, apply the NURBS technique to the parametric geometric modeling of hull curves and surfaces, and finally achieve the parametric deformation of hull surfaces driven by geometric feature parameters and develop the parametric deformation software. Taking the Series 60 ship as an example, we first analyze the hull geometric features and parameters, then design the longitudinal feature curves and cross-section curves based on the NURBS technique and establish the correlation between them, and finally generate the smooth hull surface by the skinning technique to achieve the parametric geometric deformation of the Series 60 ship. The research in this paper shows that the smoothness of the surfaces generated by the NURBS-based parametric design method is good. Additionally, the extracted feature parameters have a clear geometric meaning and can automatically generate hull forms to meet the design requirements quickly and effectively, which has some practical engineering value. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Maritime and Ship Design)

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14 pages, 2656 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Efficiency Comparison between Audible and Buzzle Alarms of Electronic Chart Display and Information System Alarm under the Simulated Environment

by Taewoong Hwang, Ik-Hyun Youn, Soyeong Lee and Inchul Kim

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(2), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10020154 - 25 Jan 2022

Viewed by 2528

Abstract

Along with the development of ship navigational equipment, ship operators have to process a larger amount of information than before and be exposed to more alarm sounds. These ships’ bridge environment increases burdens to ship operators. One of the methods proposed to solve [...] Read more.

Along with the development of ship navigational equipment, ship operators have to process a larger amount of information than before and be exposed to more alarm sounds. These ships’ bridge environment increases burdens to ship operators. One of the methods proposed to solve this problem is the audible voice alarm method. However, there is a lack of studies that objectively prove the efficacy of the method. Therefore, in this study, a comparative experiment was performed to confirm the effect by applying the method to an electronic chart display and information system (ECDIS), a representative navigation instrument. We analyzed collected data according to a data-driven process and confirmed the difference between a traditional alarm method and the audible voice alarm method by distinguishing groups through clustering. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Maritime and Ship Design)

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21 pages, 5379 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of an Augmented Reality Concept for Icebreaker Assistance and Convoy Operations

by Synne Frydenberg, Katie Aylward, Kjetil Nordby and Jon Olav H. Eikenes

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(9), 996; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9090996 - 13 Sep 2021

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3103

Abstract

A vessel convoy is a complex and high-risk operation completed during icebreaking operations in the Arctic. Icebreaker navigators need to continuously communicate with their crew while monitoring information such as speed, heading, and distance between vessels in the convoy. This paper presents an [...] Read more.

A vessel convoy is a complex and high-risk operation completed during icebreaking operations in the Arctic. Icebreaker navigators need to continuously communicate with their crew while monitoring information such as speed, heading, and distance between vessels in the convoy. This paper presents an augmented reality user interface concept, which aims to support navigators by improving oversight and safety during convoy operations. The concept demonstrates how augmented reality can help to realize a situated user interface that adapts to user’s physical and operational contexts. The concept was developed through a human-centered design process and tested through a virtual reality simulator in a usability study involving seven mariners. The results suggest that augmented reality has the potential to improve the safety of convoy operations by integrating distributed information with heads-up access to operation-critical information. However, the user interface concept is still novel, and further work is needed to develop the concept and safely integrate augmented reality into maritime operations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Maritime and Ship Design)

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20 pages, 3917 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Improved Failure Risk Assessment Method for Bilge System of the Large Luxury Cruise Ship under Fire Accident Conditions

by Zhongzhi Liu, Zhiwei Guo, Yongqing Li, Libao Zhu and Chengqing Yuan

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(9), 957; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9090957 - 3 Sep 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3389

Abstract

This paper develops an improved failure risk assessment method and discusses the risk control measures for a large luxury cruise ship’s bilge system under fire accident conditions. The proposed method incorporates an expert weight calculation model and a risk coefficient calculation model. The [...] Read more.

This paper develops an improved failure risk assessment method and discusses the risk control measures for a large luxury cruise ship’s bilge system under fire accident conditions. The proposed method incorporates an expert weight calculation model and a risk coefficient calculation model. The expert weight calculation model considers the differences in experts’ expertise levels (i.e., qualification level, decision-making capacity, and decision-making preference). Further, the method integrates the evaluations resulting from fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and extended fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (FTOPSIS) of different experts. The risk coefficient (RC) calculation model utilizes a three-dimensional continuous matrix, serving to determine the risk factors’ ratings. The influences of the expert weight and RC calculation models on the proposed method’s performance are studied through a sensitivity analysis. The work demonstrates that the proposed method minimizes the issues encountered when using conventional methods for determining risk ratings. Finally, the results of an empirical study comprising ten experts evaluating the VISTA cruise ship’s bilge system prove the applicability of the proposed method and offer practical design guidelines to meet the regulations for Safe Return to Port (SRtP). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Maritime and Ship Design)

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31 pages, 10429 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Submarine Habitability Assessment Questionnaire: A Survey of RAN Submariners

by Kate Ponton, Dion Parera and Jessica Irons

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(1), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9010054 - 6 Jan 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3176

Abstract

This paper reports on the development, method, and major findings from the Submarine Habitability Assessment Questionnaire (SUB-HAQ) undertaken as part of a lessons-learned review of the current RAN submarine platform. The questionnaire was completed by 167 Royal Australian Navy (RAN) Submariners and was [...] Read more.

This paper reports on the development, method, and major findings from the Submarine Habitability Assessment Questionnaire (SUB-HAQ) undertaken as part of a lessons-learned review of the current RAN submarine platform. The questionnaire was completed by 167 Royal Australian Navy (RAN) Submariners and was developed to examine the perceived habitability of the main living and working areas. The results showed satisfaction with cleanliness, lighting, privacy of amenities, ventilation in certain areas, and location of amenities and facilities. The results also suggest dissatisfaction with aspects of the work areas (such as storage space for work materials, and space to conduct off-watch work), allocation of space and equipment for exercise, crowding, and ratio of crew to amenities. Best use of space on a submarine is an extraordinarily challenging design problem. However, it was concluded that significant benefit could be achieved through applying human systems integration methods early in the design of a future RAN platform. The importance of careful workforce planning and crewing analyses to prevent occurrences of overcrowding, lack of storage, and an unacceptable ratio of crew to amenities was observed. The findings from SUB-HAQ have led to a significant investment in evidence-based habitability design assurance by the RAN. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Maritime and Ship Design)

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13 pages, 1135 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Design Errors in Ship Design

by David Andrews

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9010034 - 31 Dec 2020

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4019

Abstract

There is a problem in coping with design errors in ship design. Ships are generally very large and often very complex. Yet, we rarely invest in full-scale prototypes so design errors are frequently revealed once ships are at sea and certain errors can [...] Read more.

There is a problem in coping with design errors in ship design. Ships are generally very large and often very complex. Yet, we rarely invest in full-scale prototypes so design errors are frequently revealed once ships are at sea and certain errors can be catastrophic, others lead to many ships having shortened useful lives. The paper starts by considering the nature of design errors and failures in large-scale engineering enterprises. This is followed by looking briefly at some lessons from maritime history concerning how design errors arise and can even lead to ships sinking. A specific well-documented case of calculation error in sizing a new ship design is reviewed and lessons drawn. The relevance of general approaches to avoiding engineering errors and ever-greater emphasis on risk mitigation procedures and applying safety regimes alongside ethical guidance is reviewed. The changing nature of ship design practice is discussed, with ship designers between the horns of the dilemma of ever greater ability provided by computer driven precision and the demands for their designs to be seen to perform effectively in an increasingly uncertain and complex world. Final thoughts consider the basis for judging what might be good or bad ship designs, how errors can be addressed, and the ultimate safety role of the naval architect as the overall designer of complex vessels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Maritime and Ship Design)

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Review

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15 pages, 666 KiB

Open AccessReview

Future Directions for Human-Centered Transparent Systems for Engine Room Monitoring in Shore Control Centers

by Changhun Han, Apsara Abeysiriwardhane, Shuhong Chai and Ananda Maiti

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10010022 - 27 Dec 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3510

Abstract

Many autonomous ship projects have reflected the increasing interest in incorporating the concept of autonomy into the maritime transportation sector. However, autonomy is not a silver bullet, as exemplified by many incidents in the past involving human and machine interaction; rather it introduces [...] Read more.

Many autonomous ship projects have reflected the increasing interest in incorporating the concept of autonomy into the maritime transportation sector. However, autonomy is not a silver bullet, as exemplified by many incidents in the past involving human and machine interaction; rather it introduces new Human Factor (HF) challenges. These challenges are especially critical for Engine Room Monitoring (ERM) in Shore Control Centre (SCCs) due to the system’s complexity and the absence of human senses in the decision-making process. A transparent system is one of the potential solutions, providing a rationale behind its suggestion. However, diverse implementations of transparency schemes have resulted in prevalent inconsistencies in its effects. This literature review paper investigates 17 transparency studies published over the last eight years to identify (a) different approaches to developing transparent systems, (b) the effects of transparency on key HFs, and (c) the effects of information presentation methods and uncertainty information. The findings suggest that the explicit presentation of information could strengthen the benefits of the transparent system and could be promising for performance improvements in ERM tasks in the SCC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Maritime and Ship Design)

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