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Risk Assessment and Traffic Behaviour Evaluation of Ships
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Risk Assessment and Traffic Behaviour Evaluation of Ships

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 June 2022) | Viewed by 22402

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Juan-Chen Huang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Merchant Marine, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
Interests: ship maneuvering simulation; artificial intelligence; collision avoidance; risk assessment
Prof. Dr. Shuen-Tai Ung

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Merchant Marine, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
Interests: maritime risk assessment; formal safety assessment; navigation safety

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to the increase in international maritime traffic, both in terms of tonnage and the number of ships, the traffic has become more crowded and dangerous—especially the water areas near ports or busy waterways. Maritime accidents pose a huge threat to the environment, and accidents on waterways affect the traffic flow, resulting in the loss of time and money, as well as casualties. These serious problems have plagued port authorities, the shipping industry and society. Marine traffic risk assessment and safety procedures are becoming more and more important. With the development of new technologies in recent years, it is necessary to study and evaluate marine traffic issues from a new perspective. Therefore, we are launching this Special Issue.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to publish the most exciting research with respect to the above subjects; to provide a rapid turn-around time regarding reviewing and publishing; and to disseminate the articles freely for research, teaching, and reference purposes.

We encourage the submission of high-quality papers related to the subjects outlined above. Novel techniques for studies in this field are encouraged.

Prof. Dr. Juan-Chen Huang
Prof. Dr. Shuen-Tai Ung
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ship maneuvering simulations
  • navigation risk assessment
  • vessel traffic management
  • collision avoidance
  • ship domain
  • collision risk
  • automatic identification system
  • Monte-Carlo simulation
  • artificial intelligence
  • closest point of approach

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

7 pages, 213 KiB  
Editorial
Risk Assessment and Traffic Behaviour Evaluation of Ships
by Juan-Chen Huang and Shuen-Tai Ung
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(12), 2297; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11122297 - 4 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1224
Abstract
Recent advancements in information technology and ship equipment have led to massive data collection on maritime traffic, particularly through automatic identification systems (AIS) [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Traffic Behaviour Evaluation of Ships)

Research

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14 pages, 2770 KiB  
Article
Exploring Maritime Search and Rescue Resource Allocation via an Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization Method
by Yang Sun, Jun Ling, Xinqiang Chen, Fancun Kong, Qinyou Hu and Salvatore Antonio Biancardo
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(7), 906; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10070906 - 30 Jun 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2048
Abstract
Maritime search and rescue (SAR) plays a very important role in emergency waterway traffic situations, which is supposed to trigger severe personal casualties and property loss in maritime traffic accidents. The study aims to exploit an optimal allocation strategy with limited SAR resources [...] Read more.
Maritime search and rescue (SAR) plays a very important role in emergency waterway traffic situations, which is supposed to trigger severe personal casualties and property loss in maritime traffic accidents. The study aims to exploit an optimal allocation strategy with limited SAR resources deployed at navigation-constrained coastal islands. The study formulates the problem of SAR resource allocation in coastal areas into a non-linear optimization model. We explore the optimal solution for the SAR resource allocation problem under constraints of different ship and aircraft base station settings with the help of an enhanced particle swarm optimization (EPSO) model. Experimental results suggest that the proposed EPSO model can reasonably allocate the maritime rescue resources with a large coverage area and low time cost. The particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm are further implemented for the purpose of model performance comparison. The research findings can help maritime traffic regulation departments to make more reasonable decisions for establishing SAR base stations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Traffic Behaviour Evaluation of Ships)
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13 pages, 5207 KiB  
Article
Finding Risk-Expenses Pareto-Optimal Routes in Ice-Covered Waters
by Tatiana Zvyagina and Petr Zvyagin
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(7), 862; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10070862 - 24 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1532
Abstract
Multi-objective optimization of a vessel route is considered of key importance when creating automatic navigation systems to ensure independent navigation in ice conditions. This is explained by the need to take into account not only the time or fuel expenditures on the route [...] Read more.
Multi-objective optimization of a vessel route is considered of key importance when creating automatic navigation systems to ensure independent navigation in ice conditions. This is explained by the need to take into account not only the time or fuel expenditures on the route but also the risks. Previously, only a few models for navigation in ice used the multi-objective approach when finding the set of Pareto-optimal solutions. This paper suggests the multi-objective model of ship routing optimization with usage of the ice chart and ship parameters. Risks for a vessel are related to values of ice thickness and ice concentration in regions to travel through, which are specified by the ice chart. In the model, we use the extended version of the wave algorithm to find a set of routes, from which we select solutions of the Pareto-front for the multi-objective problem. The model uses objective functions of route length, maximum ice thickness, and maximum ice concentration. In addition, the travel time calculations are used in the model. Kaj Riska’s model of ship performance in ice is used for calculating travel time; the speed of a vessel is evaluated in each of the graph edges. The computational example provided in the paper is based on the particular ice chart of the Gulf of Finland. The developed method can be easily implemented for assisting a particular ship in independent ice navigation with the presence of a relevant ice chart. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Traffic Behaviour Evaluation of Ships)
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20 pages, 9817 KiB  
Article
A Method for Identifying the Key Performance Shaping Factors to Prevent Human Errors during Oil Tanker Offloading Work
by Renyou Zhang, Huixing Meng, Jun Ge and Henry Tan
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(5), 688; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050688 - 18 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1975
Abstract
Oil tanker offloading is a human-related and high-risk task. A small operational error may trigger catastrophic accidents such as fire and explosion. It is recognised that more than 70% of industrial accidents are blamed for human errors, so preventing them is crucial. As [...] Read more.
Oil tanker offloading is a human-related and high-risk task. A small operational error may trigger catastrophic accidents such as fire and explosion. It is recognised that more than 70% of industrial accidents are blamed for human errors, so preventing them is crucial. As human error is associated with a variety of Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs), it is meaningful to identify key PSFs for safe operations during oil tanker offloading process. However, some issues are obstacles to finding the crucial PSFs. The recording data of most PSFs are always incomplete and imperfect. Moreover, the standard for ranking PSFs should be rational. In addition, the performance of each PSF at the different stages is oil offloading is usually unstable and may change with time. As a result, this study aims to conduct a method that mainly relies on Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), the definition of “Risk” (combination of likelihood and impact), and Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) to find several significant PSFs to prevent human errors. GRA deals with the incomplete and imperfect data; the definition of “Risk” provides a rational basis for ranking PSFs; and HTA gives support for considering the PSFs’ changes at different stages of a task. The proposed approach is tested on a real engineering case of oil tanker offloading work at offshore terminal. The result indicates that the method can be applied to identify key PSFs, which in turn provides recommendations for human error prevention to ensure the safety both on board and at terminal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Traffic Behaviour Evaluation of Ships)
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35 pages, 6223 KiB  
Article
Many-Objective Container Stowage Optimization Based on Improved NSGA-III
by Yuchuang Wang, Guoyou Shi and Katsutoshi Hirayama
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(4), 517; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10040517 - 8 Apr 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2741
Abstract
The container ship stowage planning problem (CSPP) is a very complex and challenging issue concerning the interests of shipping companies and ports. This article has developed a many-objective CSPP solution that optimizes ship stability and reduces the number of shifts over the whole [...] Read more.
The container ship stowage planning problem (CSPP) is a very complex and challenging issue concerning the interests of shipping companies and ports. This article has developed a many-objective CSPP solution that optimizes ship stability and reduces the number of shifts over the whole route while at the same time considering realistic constraints such as the physical structure of the ship and the layout of the container yard. Use the initial metacentric height (GM) along with the ship’s heeling angle and trim to measure its stability. Meanwhile, use the total amount of relocation in the container terminal yard, the voluntary shift in the container ship’s bay, and the necessary shift of the future unloading port to measure the number of shifts on the whole route. This article proposes a variant of the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA-III) combined with local search components to solve this problem. The algorithm can produce a set of non-dominated solutions, then decision-makers can choose the best practical implementation based on their experience and preferences. After carrying out a large number of experiments on 48 examples, our calculation results show that the algorithm is effective compared with NSGA-II and random weighted genetic algorithms, especially when applied to solve many-objective CSPPs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Traffic Behaviour Evaluation of Ships)
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Review

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19 pages, 1031 KiB  
Review
A Chronological Overview of Scientific Research on Ship Grounding Frequency Estimation Models
by Stipe Galić, Zvonimir Lušić, Saša Mladenović and Anita Gudelj
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(2), 207; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10020207 - 4 Feb 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2909
Abstract
In the global maritime industry, ship grounding represents about one-third of commercial groundings. Grounding is a type of accident where the hull of a ship strikes the seabed, causing damage to the hull. This type of accident can lead to damage to the [...] Read more.
In the global maritime industry, ship grounding represents about one-third of commercial groundings. Grounding is a type of accident where the hull of a ship strikes the seabed, causing damage to the hull. This type of accident can lead to damage to the hull and water penetration, but also to the pollution of the marine environment by the spillage of ship fuel or some liquid cargo carried by the ship. This paper presents a chronological overview of the contribution of ship grounding frequency, where one of the first ideas of grounding probability was presented by Macduff (1974) and Fuji (1974) in their models. Their ideas, such as grounding candidates and causing probability, laid the foundation for the development of future models. After their models, years later, other models continued to be developed; e.g., analytically (Macduff, Fujii, Amrowitcz, etc.) and statistically (Pedersen, Simonsen, etc.). To find the probability of grounding in an area of interest or in a scenario, it is necessary to have the number of grounding candidates and the causing probability. There are different internal and external factors that affect both probabilities, and in this paper, we analyze how various authors approach their grounding models and have tried to show the actual event as faithfully as possible and thus contribute to greater safety in maritime transport. The number of grounding frequency models significantly complicates their selection in practice; accordingly, the review of models in this paper should facilitate this, but also it should facilitate future research on this topic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Traffic Behaviour Evaluation of Ships)
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19 pages, 1661 KiB  
Review
Anomaly Detection in Maritime AIS Tracks: A Review of Recent Approaches
by Konrad Wolsing, Linus Roepert, Jan Bauer and Klaus Wehrle
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(1), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10010112 - 14 Jan 2022
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 8985
Abstract
The automatic identification system (AIS) was introduced in the maritime domain to increase the safety of sea traffic. AIS messages are transmitted as broadcasts to nearby ships and contain, among others, information about the identification, position, speed, and course of the sending vessels. [...] Read more.
The automatic identification system (AIS) was introduced in the maritime domain to increase the safety of sea traffic. AIS messages are transmitted as broadcasts to nearby ships and contain, among others, information about the identification, position, speed, and course of the sending vessels. AIS can thus serve as a tool to avoid collisions and increase onboard situational awareness. In recent years, AIS has been utilized in more and more applications since it enables worldwide surveillance of virtually any larger vessel and has the potential to greatly support vessel traffic services and collision risk assessment. Anomalies in AIS tracks can indicate events that are relevant in terms of safety and also security. With a plethora of accessible AIS data nowadays, there is a growing need for the automatic detection of anomalous AIS data. In this paper, we survey 44 research articles on anomaly detection of maritime AIS tracks. We identify the tackled AIS anomaly types, assess their potential use cases, and closely examine the landscape of recent AIS anomaly research as well as their limitations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Traffic Behaviour Evaluation of Ships)
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