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Respiratory Fungal Infections, 2nd Edition
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Respiratory Fungal Infections, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Journal of Fungi (ISSN 2309-608X). This special issue belongs to the section "Fungal Pathogenesis and Disease Control".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2023) | Viewed by 4915

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Aleksandra Barac

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Assistant Professor, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: infectious diseases; antibiotic resistance; antibacterial stewardship
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Respiratory fungal infections are a critical clinical problem, particularly in patients with a compromised immune response, such as those suffering from lung cancer, HIV infection, diabetes mellitus, and autoimmune diseases or with chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, chronic rhinosinusitis, etc. Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Mucormycosis, Pneumocystis, and endemic fungi are major respiratory fungal pathogens that are able to result in life-threatening invasive diseases. There is increasing concern that patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) might be at risk of developing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis co-infection, which is often missed or misdiagnosed. The diagnosis of both pulmonary and sinonasal fungal infection can be difficult, because the signs and symptoms of disease can be nonspecific, and noninvasive diagnostic tests often have a low sensitivity. For these reasons, the diagnosis of respiratory mycoses is often made presumptively based on a combination of factors, including the clinical setting, chest and sinonasal imaging, and negative bacterial or viral studies. The aim of this Special Issue is to collect novel findings, experiences, and expert opinions on the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory fungal infections, with a special focus on respiratory fungal infections in patients with COVID-19. 

I am pleased to invite you to submit a manuscript to a Special Issue of the Journal of Fungi dedicated to respiratory fungal infections. We welcome reviews and original research on host pathogenesis, mycological aspects, clinical experiences, diagnostic challenges, and management issues of respiratory fungal infections.

Dr. Aleksandra Barac
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Fungi is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 4037 KiB  
Article
Fungal Tracheobronchitis in Lung Transplant Recipients: Incidence and Utility of Diagnostic Markers
by Helena Hammarström, Jesper Magnusson, Anna Stjärne Aspelund, Jakob Stenmark, Jenny Isaksson, Nahid Kondori, Gerdt C Riise, Christine Wennerås and Vanda Friman
J. Fungi 2023, 9(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9010003 - 20 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1112
Abstract
Fungal tracheobronchitis caused by Aspergillus and Candida spp. is a recognized complication after lung transplantation, but knowledge of the incidence of Candida tracheobronchitis is lacking. The diagnosis relies on fungal cultures in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), but cultures have low specificity. We aimed [...] Read more.
Fungal tracheobronchitis caused by Aspergillus and Candida spp. is a recognized complication after lung transplantation, but knowledge of the incidence of Candida tracheobronchitis is lacking. The diagnosis relies on fungal cultures in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), but cultures have low specificity. We aimed to evaluate the one-year incidence of fungal tracheobronchitis after lung transplantation and to assess the utility of diagnostic markers in serum and BALF to discriminate fungal tracheobronchitis from colonization. Ninety-seven consecutively included adult lung-transplant recipients were prospectively followed. BALF and serum samples were collected at 1, 3 and 12 months after transplantation and analyzed for betaglucan (serum and BALF), neutrophils (BALF) and galactomannan (BALF). Fungal tracheobronchitis was defined according to consensus criteria, modified to include Candida as a mycologic criterion. The cumulative one-year incidence of Candida and Aspergillus tracheobronchitis was 23% and 16%, respectively. Neutrophils of >75% of total leukocytes in BALF had 92% specificity for Candida tracheobronchitis. The area under the ROC curves for betaglucan and galactomannan in BALF to discriminate Aspergillus tracheobronchitis from colonization or no fungal infection were high (0.86 (p < 0.0001) and 0.93 (p < 0.0001), respectively). To conclude, the one-year incidence of fungal tracheobronchitis after lung transplantation was high and dominated by Candida spp. Diagnostic markers in BALF could be useful to discriminate fungal colonization from tracheobronchitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Respiratory Fungal Infections, 2nd Edition)
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Review

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14 pages, 2516 KiB  
Review
COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Mucormycosis
by Vidya Krishna, Nitin Bansal, Jaymin Morjaria and Sundeep Kaul
J. Fungi 2022, 8(7), 711; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8070711 - 5 Jul 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3258
Abstract
COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) emerged as an epidemic in certain parts of the world amidst the global COVID-19 pandemic. While rhino–orbital mucormycosis was well reported during the pandemic, in the absence of routine diagnostic facilities including lower airway sampling, pulmonary mucormycosis was probably under-recognized. [...] Read more.
COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) emerged as an epidemic in certain parts of the world amidst the global COVID-19 pandemic. While rhino–orbital mucormycosis was well reported during the pandemic, in the absence of routine diagnostic facilities including lower airway sampling, pulmonary mucormycosis was probably under-recognized. In this review, we have focused on the epidemiology and management of COVID-19-associated pulmonary mucormycosis (CAPM). CAPM is a deadly disease and mortality can be as high as 80% in the absence of early clinical suspicion and treatment. While histopathological examination of tissue for angio-invasion and cultures have remained gold standard for diagnosis, there is an increasing interest in molecular and serological methods to facilitate diagnosis in critically ill patients and often, immune-suppressed hosts who cannot readily undergo invasive sampling. Combined medical and surgical treatment offers more promise than standalone medical therapy. Maintaining adequate glycemic control and prudent use of steroids which can be a double-edged sword in COVID-19 patients are the key preventative measures. We would like to emphasize the urgent need for the development and validation of reliable biomarkers and molecular diagnostics to facilitate early diagnosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Respiratory Fungal Infections, 2nd Edition)
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