Deep Learning of Climate Change and Extreme Events, Hydrological Processes and Land Use Dynamics Relationships

A special issue of Land (ISSN 2073-445X). This special issue belongs to the section "Land Systems and Global Change".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 2809

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Environment, Planning and Sustainability, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
Interests: soil erosion; overland flow generation and continuity; hillslope processes; arid & semi-arid geomorphology
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Guest Editor
1. College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
2. Hydraulics and Geotechnics Section, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 40, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
Interests: extreme climatic events; climate change and human health impacts; hydrology modeling; water resources; vegetation remote sensing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The impact of climate change, particularly the rise in severe extreme events, on hydrological processes, land use patterns, and ecosystem health changes is a critical area of research for understanding and managing the future of our globe. At the same time, changes in hydrological processes and land use, such as decreasing surface flow, deforestation, and urbanization, can contribute to climate change.

With its ability to process large datasets and identify hidden patterns, deep learning has provided new tools for analyzing complex environmental data and developing predictive models. These tools offer a promising avenue for advancing our potential response to environmental challenges.

This Special Issue aims to bring together researchers from diverse fields to apply deep learning methods in investigating climate change, extreme climate events, and their impact on surface flow response and land use changes to enhance our capacity for predicting their inter-relationships and adaptation and mitigating their adverse effects.

We seek to promote the development of new models and tools that can improve our ability to predict and manage complex interactions between the above-mentioned environmental components.

We welcome submissions that address topics including, but not limited to, the following:

  • Application of deep learning techniques for predicting extreme climate events and their impact on hydrological process response and land use change.
  • Use of deep learning to model the feedback loops between hydrological process response, land use change, and climate dynamics.
  • Development of deep learning-based tools for assessing vulnerability and resilience of surface flow processes and land systems to climate change.
  • Integration of remote sensing data with deep learning to monitor surface flow and land use changes under extreme climate conditions.
  • Deep learning approaches for optimizing hydrological structures, land use planning, and climate adaptation strategies.
  • Deep learning enhances the understanding of ecosystem services in the context of climate change, hydrological process response, and land use change.
  • Case studies demonstrating the effectiveness of deep learning in managing hydrological structures and land use in the face of extreme climate events.
  • Ethical considerations and challenges in applying deep learning to environmental research and decision making.

Prof. Dr. Hanoch Lavee
Dr. Jinping Liu
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • deep learning techniques
  • climate change impact
  • extreme event forecasting
  • hydrological data analysis
  • land use change monitoring
  • predictive environmental modeling
  • remote sensing applications
  • disaster risk assessment
  • water resource optimization
  • ecosystem service evaluation
  • sustainable development strategies
  • environmental decision support

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 1554 KiB  
Article
How Does Agricultural Land Lease Policy Affect Agricultural Carbon Emission? Evidence of Carbon Reduction Through Decreasing Transaction Costs in the Context of Heterogeneous Efficiency
by Shuokai Wang, Bo Zeng, Yong Feng and Fangping Cao
Land 2024, 13(12), 2192; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13122192 - 15 Dec 2024
Viewed by 474
Abstract
Given the increasing environmental pressures, it is essential that agriculture achieves the goal of sustainable and low-carbon development. In 2010, China, as the top carbon emitter, introduced a policy on agricultural land lease (ALL), which has been met with considerable approval from farmers [...] Read more.
Given the increasing environmental pressures, it is essential that agriculture achieves the goal of sustainable and low-carbon development. In 2010, China, as the top carbon emitter, introduced a policy on agricultural land lease (ALL), which has been met with considerable approval from farmers and has resulted in a notable surge in the rate of ALL within the country. Nevertheless, the question of how the ALL policy affects agricultural carbon emissions (ACEs) remains unanswered. What are the transmission mechanisms? To answer these questions, this paper presents an equilibrium model that accounts for the heterogeneous production efficiency among farmers. It offers a theoretical analysis of the impact of ALL policy on agricultural carbon emission reduction (ACER) and presents an empirical test of this impact using a difference-in-differences (DID) model. Our research shows that the ALL policy gives impetus to ACER. This conclusion persists even after conducting the robustness and endogeneity tests. The mechanism posits that the policy achieves ACER through reducing the proportion of rural agricultural employees. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the policy effect is significant in both the northern and southern regions of China. Nonetheless, the effect is only observable in economically developed areas, regions with high chemical fertilizer application rates, and areas with restricted agricultural progress. This study elucidates the connection between land transfer and agricultural carbon emissions, offering empirical evidence to support the advancement of green and low-carbon agricultural development. Full article
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26 pages, 24865 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Impact of Climate Variables and Scenario Simulation on Ecosystem Service Value Profits and Losses in China
by Dahai Yu and Chang You
Land 2024, 13(11), 1924; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13111924 - 15 Nov 2024
Viewed by 390
Abstract
Ecosystem restoration can yield multiple benefits, and the quantitative accounting of ecosystem service value (ESV) profits and losses is of significant importance to the economic benefits of ecosystem restoration. This study reveals the dynamic impacts of climate change on ESVs by analyzing the [...] Read more.
Ecosystem restoration can yield multiple benefits, and the quantitative accounting of ecosystem service value (ESV) profits and losses is of significant importance to the economic benefits of ecosystem restoration. This study reveals the dynamic impacts of climate change on ESVs by analyzing the effects of climate variables on ESV profits and losses across different periods and scenarios. The research findings are as follows: (1) From 1990 to 2020, and extending to simulated projections for 2030, China’s ESV exhibits a high distribution pattern in the southern regions. In 2030, under the natural development scenario (NDS), the southwestern region shows a coexistence of high and low ESVs. Under the ecological protection scenario (EPS), ESV in the southwestern region increases, whereas under the urban development scenario (UDS), ESV in the southwest decreases. (2) In both the NDS and UDS, the trends in ESV profits and losses continue from 2010 to 2020. Under the EPS, there is a significant increase in ESV in the southwestern region. The largest contributors to ESV loss are the conversion of grassland to unused land and forest to farmland. The southwestern region shows the most significant spatial differences in ESV profits and losses, with an increase in ESV profits in the northeastern region. In contrast, other regions show no significant spatial differences in ESV profits and losses. (3) From 1990 to 2000, Bio13 (the precipitation of the wettest month) and Bio12 (annual precipitation) had a significant positive impact on ESV profits and losses, indicating that increased precipitation promotes the functioning of ESVs. This study indicates that fluctuations in precipitation and temperature are significant climate factors influencing the value of ESV. Due to climate change, precipitation patterns and temperature swings are now key determinants of ESV changes. By carefully studying ESV profits and losses and their driving factors, this research can serve as the scientific basis for ecosystem restoration and management strategies. Full article
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16 pages, 9480 KiB  
Article
Assessing Climate and Land-Use Change Scenarios on Future Desertification in Northeast Iran: A Data Mining and Google Earth Engine-Based Approach
by Weibo Yin, Qingfeng Hu, Jinping Liu, Peipei He, Dantong Zhu and Abdolhossein Boali
Land 2024, 13(11), 1802; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13111802 - 31 Oct 2024
Viewed by 563
Abstract
Desertification poses a significant threat to dry and semi-arid regions worldwide, including Northeast Iran. This study investigates the impact of future climate and land-use changes on desertification in this region. Six remote sensing indices were selected to model desertification using four machine learning [...] Read more.
Desertification poses a significant threat to dry and semi-arid regions worldwide, including Northeast Iran. This study investigates the impact of future climate and land-use changes on desertification in this region. Six remote sensing indices were selected to model desertification using four machine learning algorithms: Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), and Generalized Linear Models (GLM). To enhance the model’s reliability, an ensemble model was employed. Future climate and land-use scenarios were projected using the CNRM-CM6 model and Markov chain analysis, respectively. Results indicate that the RF and SVM models performed best in mapping current desertification patterns. The ensemble model highlights a 2% increase in decertified areas by 2040, primarily in the northwestern regions. The study underscores the importance of land-use change and climate change in driving desertification and emphasizes the need for sustainable land management practices and climate change adaptation strategies to mitigate future impacts. Full article
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22 pages, 13791 KiB  
Article
A Coupled Model for Forecasting Spatiotemporal Variability of Regional Drought in the Mu Us Sandy Land Using a Meta-Heuristic Algorithm
by Changfu Tong, Hongfei Hou, Hexiang Zheng, Ying Wang and Jin Liu
Land 2024, 13(11), 1731; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13111731 - 22 Oct 2024
Viewed by 628
Abstract
Vegetation plays a vital role in terrestrial ecosystems, and droughts driven by rising temperatures pose significant threats to vegetation health. This study investigates the evolution of vegetation drought from 2010 to 2024 and introduces a deep-learning-based forecasting model for analyzing regional spatial and [...] Read more.
Vegetation plays a vital role in terrestrial ecosystems, and droughts driven by rising temperatures pose significant threats to vegetation health. This study investigates the evolution of vegetation drought from 2010 to 2024 and introduces a deep-learning-based forecasting model for analyzing regional spatial and temporal variations in drought. Extensive time-series remote-sensing data were utilized, and we integrated the Temperature–Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI), Drought Severity Index (DSI), Evaporation Stress Index (ESI), and the Temperature–Vegetation–Precipitation Dryness Index (TVPDI) to develop a comprehensive methodology for extracting regional vegetation drought characteristics. To mitigate the effects of regional drought non-stationarity on predictive accuracy, we propose a coupling-enhancement strategy that combines the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) with the Informer model, enabling more precise forecasting of long-term regional drought variations. Unlike conventional deep-learning models, this approach introduces rapid convergence and global search capabilities, utilizing a sparse self-attention mechanism that improves performance while reducing model complexity. The results demonstrate that: (1) compared to the traditional Transformer model, test accuracy is improved by 43%; (2) the WOA–Informer model efficiently handles multi-objective forecasting for extended time series, achieving MAE (Mean Absolute Error) ≤ 0.05, MSE (Mean Squared Error) ≤ 0.001, MSPE (Mean Squared Percentage Error) ≤ 0.01, and MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) ≤ 5%. This research provides advanced predictive tools and precise model support for long-term vegetation restoration efforts. Full article
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