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Marine Drugs
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Fucoidans Ⅱ: Immunomodulating Activity of Fucoidans
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Fucoidans Ⅱ: Immunomodulating Activity of Fucoidans

A special issue of Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 December 2021) | Viewed by 28870

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. You-Jin Jeon

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
Interests: seaweeds; fucoidan; environmentally friendly extraction technologies; commercial-grade production; analysis of fucoidans; NMR; medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry; bioactivities; functionality; functional foods; supplements
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fucoidan is a group of fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharide found in many species of brown seaweed with numerous bioactive properties. As a highly bioactive seaweed substance with many promising physiological activities, fucoidan is attracting attention from many industries all over the world.

Many marine algal polysaccharides such as fucoidans, ulvans, alginic acids, and laminarans exhibit immune-modulating effects which activate and suppress immunity according to circumstances in lives.

This Special Issue is a continuation of a previous Special Issue, “Fucoidans I”, and aims to reveal the immune-modulating effects of fucoidans. Recently, immune-modulating effects have become a particularly attractive topic of interest due to coronavirus infections. The manuscripts published in this Special Issue will help to maintain both human and animal health as well as encourage the development of medicines and functional foods.

As the guest Editor, I would like to invite scientists to submit their latest research findings in this area, in relation to immune-modulating, immune-stimulating, anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects of fucoidans in cells, tissues, organs, and lives.

Prof. Dr. You-Jin Jeon
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Marine Drugs is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fucoidan
  • seaweeds
  • immune-modulating effects
  • immune-stimulating effects
  • anti-inflammatory effects
  • antiviral effects
  • cytokines
  • cell signaling

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2952 KiB  
Article
Fucoidan Isolated from Sargassum confusum Suppresses Inflammatory Responses and Oxidative Stress in TNF-α/IFN-γ- Stimulated HaCaT Keratinocytes by Activating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway
by Arachchige Maheshika Kumari Jayasinghe, Kirinde Gedara Isuru Sandanuwan Kirindage, Ilekuttige Priyan Shanura Fernando, Eui Jeong Han, Gun-Woo Oh, Won-Kyo Jung and Ginnae Ahn
Mar. Drugs 2022, 20(2), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/md20020117 - 1 Feb 2022
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 4990
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that marine brown seaweeds contain numerous bioactive compounds which exhibit various bioactivities. The present study investigated the effect of low molecular weight fucoidan (SCF) isolated from Sargassum confusum, a brown alga, on inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in [...] Read more.
Recent studies have revealed that marine brown seaweeds contain numerous bioactive compounds which exhibit various bioactivities. The present study investigated the effect of low molecular weight fucoidan (SCF) isolated from Sargassum confusum, a brown alga, on inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in HaCaT keratinocytes stimulated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ. SCF significantly increased the cell viability while decreasing the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes. In addition, SCF effectively reduced inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and chemokines (Eotaxin, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC)) expression, by down-regulating the expression of epithelial and epidermal innate cytokines (IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)). Furthermore, SCF suppressed the activation of TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways, while activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway. The cytoprotective effect of SCF against TNF-α/IFN-γ stimulation was considerably reduced upon inhibition of HO-1 activity by ZnPP. Overall, these results suggest that SCF effectively suppressed inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes via activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fucoidans Ⅱ: Immunomodulating Activity of Fucoidans)
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12 pages, 925 KiB  
Article
Effect of Fucoidan on the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (ΔΨm) of Leukocytes from Patients with Active COVID-19 and Subjects That Recovered from SARS-CoV-2 Infection
by Karina Janice Guadalupe Díaz-Resendiz, Carlos Eduardo Covantes-Rosales, Alma Betsaida Benítez-Trinidad, Migdalia Sarahy Navidad-Murrieta, Francisco Fabian Razura-Carmona, Christian Daniel Carrillo-Cruz, Edwin Jaime Frias-Delgadillo, Daniela Alejandra Pérez-Díaz, Matxil Violeta Díaz-Benavides, Mercedes Zambrano-Soria, Guadalupe Herminia Ventura-Ramón, Aurelio Romero-Castro, David Alam-Escamilla and Manuel Iván Girón-Pérez
Mar. Drugs 2022, 20(2), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/md20020099 - 24 Jan 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4527
Abstract
Fucoidan is a polysaccharide obtained from marine brown algae, with anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and immune-enhancing properties, thus, fucoidan may be used as an alternative treatment (complementary to prescribed medical therapy) for COVID-19 recovery. This work aimed to determine the ex-vivo effects of treatment with [...] Read more.
Fucoidan is a polysaccharide obtained from marine brown algae, with anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and immune-enhancing properties, thus, fucoidan may be used as an alternative treatment (complementary to prescribed medical therapy) for COVID-19 recovery. This work aimed to determine the ex-vivo effects of treatment with fucoidan (20 µg/mL) on mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm, using a cationic cyanine dye, 3,3′-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC6(3)) on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (HPBMC) isolated from healthy control (HC) subjects, COVID-19 patients (C-19), and subjects that recently recovered from COVID-19 (R1, 40 ± 13 days after infection). In addition, ex-vivo treatment with fucoidan (20 and 50 µg/mL) was evaluated on ΔΨm loss induced by carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP, 150 µM) in HPBMC isolated from healthy subjects (H) and recovered subjects at 11 months post-COVID-19 (R2, 335 ± 20 days after infection). Data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces HPBMC loss of ΔΨm, even 11 months after infection, however, fucoidan promotes recovery of ΔΨm in PBMCs from COVID-19 recovered subjects. Therefore, fucoidan may be a potential treatment to diminish long-term sequelae from COVID-19, using mitochondria as a therapeutic target for the recovery of cellular homeostasis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fucoidans Ⅱ: Immunomodulating Activity of Fucoidans)
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14 pages, 5216 KiB  
Article
Fucoidan Independently Enhances Activity in Human Immune Cells and Has a Cytostatic Effect on Prostate Cancer Cells in the Presence of Nivolumab
by Ah Young Park, Imane Nafia, Damien N. Stringer, Samuel S. Karpiniec and J. Helen Fitton
Mar. Drugs 2022, 20(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/md20010012 - 22 Dec 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3961
Abstract
Fucoidan compounds may increase immune activity and are known to have cancer inhibitory effects in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of fucoidan compounds on ex vivo human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and to determine [...] Read more.
Fucoidan compounds may increase immune activity and are known to have cancer inhibitory effects in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of fucoidan compounds on ex vivo human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and to determine their cancer cell killing activity both solely, and in combination with an immune-checkpoint inhibitor drug, Nivolumab. Proliferation of PBMCs and interferon gamma (IFNγ) release were assessed in the presence of fucoidan compounds extracted from Fucus vesiculosus, Undaria pinnatifida and Macrocystis pyrifera. Total cell numbers and cell killing activity were assessed using a hormone resistant prostate cancer cell line, PC3. All fucoidan compounds activated PBMCs, and increased the effects of Nivolumab. All fucoidan compounds had significant direct cytostatic effects on PC3 cells, reducing cancer cell numbers, and PBMCs exhibited cell killing activity as measured by apoptosis. However, there was no fucoidan mediated increase in the cell killing activity. In conclusion, fucoidan compounds promoted proliferation and activity of PBMCs and added to the effects of Nivolumab. Fucoidan compounds all had a direct cytostatic effect on PC3 cells, as shown through their proliferation reduction, while their killing was not increased. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fucoidans Ⅱ: Immunomodulating Activity of Fucoidans)
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17 pages, 1973 KiB  
Article
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Fucoidan Extracts In Vitro
by Tauseef Ahmad, Mathew Suji Eapen, Muhammad Ishaq, Ah Young Park, Samuel S. Karpiniec, Damien N. Stringer, Sukhwinder Singh Sohal, J. Helen Fitton, Nuri Guven, Vanni Caruso and Rajaraman Eri
Mar. Drugs 2021, 19(12), 702; https://doi.org/10.3390/md19120702 - 11 Dec 2021
Cited by 61 | Viewed by 6728
Abstract
Fucoidans are sulfated, complex, fucose-rich polymers found in brown seaweeds. Fucoidans have been shown to have multiple bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory effects, and are known to inhibit inflammatory processes via a number of pathways such as selectin blockade and enzyme inhibition, and have demonstrated [...] Read more.
Fucoidans are sulfated, complex, fucose-rich polymers found in brown seaweeds. Fucoidans have been shown to have multiple bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory effects, and are known to inhibit inflammatory processes via a number of pathways such as selectin blockade and enzyme inhibition, and have demonstrated inhibition of inflammatory pathologies in vivo. In this current investigation, fucoidan extracts from Undaria pinnatifida, Fucus vesiculosus, Macrocystis pyrifera, Ascophyllum nodosum, and Laminaria japonica were assessed for modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in a human macrophage line (THP-1). Fucoidan extracts exhibited no signs of cytotoxicity in THP-1 cells after incubation of 48 h. Additionally, all fucoidan extracts reduced cytokine production in LPS stimulated PBMCs and human THP-1 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Notably, the 5–30 kDa subfraction from Macrocystis pyrifera was a highly effective inhibitor at lower concentrations. Fucoidan extracts from all species had significant anti-inflammatory effects, but the lowest molecular weight subfractions had maximal effects at low concentrations. These observations on various fucoidan extracts offer insight into strategies that improve their efficacy against inflammation-related pathology. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the mechanism of action of these extracts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fucoidans Ⅱ: Immunomodulating Activity of Fucoidans)
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10 pages, 1031 KiB  
Article
Effects of Ingesting Fucoidan Derived from Cladosiphon okamuranus Tokida on Human NK Cells: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study
by Makoto Tomori, Takeaki Nagamine, Tomofumi Miyamoto and Masahiko Iha
Mar. Drugs 2021, 19(6), 340; https://doi.org/10.3390/md19060340 - 15 Jun 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3435
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ingesting fucoidan derived from Okinawa mozuku (Cladosiphon okamuranus) on natural killer (NK) cell activity and to assess its safety in healthy adults via a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled pilot study. [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ingesting fucoidan derived from Okinawa mozuku (Cladosiphon okamuranus) on natural killer (NK) cell activity and to assess its safety in healthy adults via a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled pilot study. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups—a placebo group (ingesting citric acid, sucralose, and caramel beverages; n = 20; 45.5 ± 7.8 years (mean ± standard deviation)) and a fucoidan group (3.0 g/day from beverages; n = 20; 47.0 ± 7.6 years); after 12 weeks, blood, biochemical, and immunological tests were performed. Clinically adverse events were not observed in any of the tests during the study period. In addition, adverse events due to the test food were not observed. In the immunological tests, NK cell activity was significantly enhanced at 8 weeks in the fucoidan group, compared to before ingestion (0 weeks). In addition, a significantly enhanced NK cell activity was observed in male subjects at 8 weeks, compared with the placebo group. These results confirm that Okinawa mozuku-derived fucoidan enhances NK cell activity and suggest that it is a safe food material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fucoidans Ⅱ: Immunomodulating Activity of Fucoidans)
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10 pages, 4713 KiB  
Article
In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharides Isolated from the Edible Brown Seaweed, Sargassum fulvellum
by Lei Wang, Hye-Won Yang, Ginnae Ahn, Xiaoting Fu, Jiachao Xu, Xin Gao and You-Jin Jeon
Mar. Drugs 2021, 19(5), 277; https://doi.org/10.3390/md19050277 - 15 May 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4061
Abstract
In the present study, the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of the sulfated polysaccharides isolated from Sargassum fulvellum (SFPS) were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and zebrafish. The results indicated that SFPS improved the viability of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 [...] Read more.
In the present study, the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of the sulfated polysaccharides isolated from Sargassum fulvellum (SFPS) were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and zebrafish. The results indicated that SFPS improved the viability of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages from 80.02 to 86.80, 90.09, and 94.62% at the concentration of 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL, respectively. Also, SFPS remarkably and concentration-dependently decreased the production levels of inflammatory molecules including nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, prostaglandin E2, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6 in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, SFPS significantly inhibited the expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, the in vivo test results indicated that SFPS improved the survival rate of LPS-treated zebrafish from 53.33 to 56.67, 60.00, and 70.00% at the concentration of 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, SFPS effectively reduced cell death, reactive oxygen species, and NO levels in LPS-stimulated zebrafish. Taken together, these results suggested that SFPS possesses strong in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities, and could be used as an ingredient to develop anti-inflammatory agents in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fucoidans Ⅱ: Immunomodulating Activity of Fucoidans)
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