Neuroprotective Effects of Marine Natural Products

A special issue of Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2021) | Viewed by 11518

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Fundación Instituto de Investigación de Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

The great diversity and richness of marine natural compounds have attracted the attention and interest of researchers and pharmaceutical companies, who are fully aware of the significant difficulties using these vast media implies. Bryozoans, tunicates, soft corals, sponges, macro and microalgae and cyanobacteria are interesting sources for new natural compounds with therapeutic potential. However, despite this big diversity, only a few marine compounds have been able to reach the pharmaceutical market. The increase in life expectancy has led to a rise in the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, most of them with common cellular abnormalities such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, autophagy or neuroinflammation. Natural compounds and especially marine compounds are characterized by their ability to modulate cellular antioxidant defenses, mitochondria, inflammation, and therefore, have great pharmacological potential as neuroprotective agents.

This Special Issue will highlight progress in the following fields of study: the use of bioactive compounds from marine organisms for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and new drug development (e.g., for Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s, stroke, Huntington's disease, aging); the isolation of novel compounds; the bioactivity screening in neuronal models (in vitro and in vivo); and the elucidation of new molecular modes of action of marine bioactive compounds with utility for nervous system pathologies.

We are inviting researchers to submit their reviews and new works showing evidence of the neuroprotective potential of marine products in cellular and animal models and related to the advances in terms of the new mechanisms of action and drug development of molecules of marine origin.

Dr. Eva Alonso
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Neuroprotection
  • Marine products
  • Neurodegeneration
  • Aging
  • Drug development
  • Bioactivity
  • Screening

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3693 KiB  
Article
Mixture of Phlorotannin and Fucoidan from Ecklonia cava Prevents the Aβ-Induced Cognitive Decline with Mitochondrial and Cholinergic Activation
by Hye Ju Han, Seon Kyeong Park, Jin Yong Kang, Jong Min Kim, Seul Ki Yoo, Dae-Ok Kim, Gun-Hee Kim and Ho Jin Heo
Mar. Drugs 2021, 19(8), 434; https://doi.org/10.3390/md19080434 - 29 Jul 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2710
Abstract
The anti-amnesic effect of a mixture (4:6 = phlorotannin:fucoidan from Ecklonia cava, P4F6) was evaluated on amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ)-induced cognitive deficit mice. The cognitive function was examined by Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests, and the intake of the mixture [...] Read more.
The anti-amnesic effect of a mixture (4:6 = phlorotannin:fucoidan from Ecklonia cava, P4F6) was evaluated on amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ)-induced cognitive deficit mice. The cognitive function was examined by Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests, and the intake of the mixture (P4F6) showed an ameliorating effect on Aβ-induced learning and memory impairment. After the behavioral tests, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) contents were confirmed in brain tissue, and in the results, the mixture (P4F6) attenuated Aβ-induced oxidative stress. In addition, mitochondrial activity was evaluated by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway, and the mixture (P4F6) enhanced mitochondrial function. Furthermore, the mixture (P4F6) effectively regulated tau hyperphosphorylation by regulating the protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, and promoted brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in brain tissue. Moreover, in the cholinergic system, the mixture (P4F6) ameliorated acetylcholine (ACh) content by regulating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) expression in brain tissue. Based on these results, we suggest that this mixture of phlorotannin and fucoidan (P4F6) might be a substance for improving cognitive function by effectively regulating cognition-related molecules. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuroprotective Effects of Marine Natural Products)
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18 pages, 5315 KiB  
Article
Neuroprotective Effect of Cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) Isolated from the Jellyfish-Derived Fungus Aspergillus flavus
by Dan-dan Li, Ying Wang, Eun La Kim, Jongki Hong and Jee H. Jung
Mar. Drugs 2021, 19(8), 417; https://doi.org/10.3390/md19080417 - 26 Jul 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3480
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) expression has been implicated in pathological states such as cancer, inflammation, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. We isolated natural PPAR agonists—eight 2,5-diketopiperazines—from the jellyfish-derived fungus Aspergillus flavus. Cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) was the most potent PPAR-γ activator among the eight 2,5-DKPs identified. Cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) [...] Read more.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) expression has been implicated in pathological states such as cancer, inflammation, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. We isolated natural PPAR agonists—eight 2,5-diketopiperazines—from the jellyfish-derived fungus Aspergillus flavus. Cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) was the most potent PPAR-γ activator among the eight 2,5-DKPs identified. Cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) activated PPAR-γ in Ac2F rat liver cells and SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. The neuroprotective effect of this partial PPAR-γ agonist was examined using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, lactate dehydrogenase release, and the Hoechst 33342 staining assay in SH-SY5Y cells. Our findings revealed that cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) reduced hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species. Rhodamine 123 staining and western blotting revealed that cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) prevented the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibited the activation of mitochondria-related apoptotic proteins, such as caspase 3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Moreover, cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) inhibited the activation and translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B. Thus, the partial PPAR-γ agonist cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) demonstrated potential neuroprotective activity against oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration in SH-SY5Y cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuroprotective Effects of Marine Natural Products)
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Review

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55 pages, 2548 KiB  
Review
Biological Potential, Gastrointestinal Digestion, Absorption, and Bioavailability of Algae-Derived Compounds with Neuroprotective Activity: A Comprehensive Review
by Bruna Martins, Mónica Vieira, Cristina Delerue-Matos, Clara Grosso and Cristina Soares
Mar. Drugs 2022, 20(6), 362; https://doi.org/10.3390/md20060362 - 28 May 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4661
Abstract
Currently, there is no known cure for neurodegenerative disease. However, the available therapies aim to manage some of the symptoms of the disease. Human neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of illnesses characterized by progressive loss of neuronal cells and nervous system dysfunction [...] Read more.
Currently, there is no known cure for neurodegenerative disease. However, the available therapies aim to manage some of the symptoms of the disease. Human neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of illnesses characterized by progressive loss of neuronal cells and nervous system dysfunction related to several mechanisms such as protein aggregation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neurotransmission dysfunction. Neuroprotective compounds are essential in the prevention and management of neurodegenerative diseases. This review will focus on the neurodegeneration mechanisms and the compounds (proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), polysaccharides, carotenoids, phycobiliproteins, phenolic compounds, among others) present in seaweeds that have shown in vivo and in vitro neuroprotective activity. Additionally, it will cover the recent findings on the neuroprotective effects of bioactive compounds from macroalgae, with a focus on their biological potential and possible mechanism of action, including microbiota modulation. Furthermore, gastrointestinal digestion, absorption, and bioavailability will be discussed. Moreover, the clinical trials using seaweed-based drugs or extracts to treat neurodegenerative disorders will be presented, showing the real potential and limitations that a specific metabolite or extract may have as a new therapeutic agent considering the recent approval of a seaweed-based drug to treat Alzheimer’s disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neuroprotective Effects of Marine Natural Products)
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