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Electrochemical Material Science and Electrode Processes
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Electrochemical Material Science and Electrode Processes

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2024 | Viewed by 5879

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Natalia I. Tsyntsaru

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
1. Institute of Applied Physics, Moldova State University, 2028 Chisinau, Moldova
2. Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
Interests: inter- and multi-disciplinary research; electrodeposition; anodization; nanostructurization; materials science; alloys; mechanical; magnetic; corrosion properties; research policy
Prof. Dr. Henrikas Cesiulis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, 03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
Interests: physical chemistry; electrochemistry (inc. electrodeposition, batteries, fuel cells, metal corrosion, electrolysis); electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; colloid chemistry; tribology; materials engineering; coating and films

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In materials science, electrochemical interfaces and reactions play a critical role in the preparation, analysis and application of materials. They contribute significantly to the development and analysis of new materials and cover environmental applications, energy conversion and storage and sensing technology, and have received growing attention as the century progresses, making it clear that the wide applications related to electrochemistry have a solid present and a promising future.

There are various important electrochemical processes in the industry; for example, through electrodeposition, electroplating and electropolishing to add or remove coatings and layers from material surfaces, as well as technological applications, such as the electrosynthesis of chemicals, the electrowinning and refining of metals, water electrolysis and splitting, flow batteries and fuel cells, surface engineering by electrodeposition and electroplating and electrochemical separations and reactors.

This Special Issue welcomes contributions (articles, communications and reviews) regarding the electrochemistry of materials and their related electrochemical processes.

The potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following topics:

  • Electrochemical synthesis, materials and electrode processes characterization;
  • Electrochemical corrosion;
  • Electrochemical micro-/nanotreatment and surface engineering;
  • Electrocatalysis processes and materials, such as water electrolysis and splitting, hydrogen evolution and carbon dioxide reduction;
  • Electrochemical energy applications, including materials and devices for energy storage or conversion, such as redox batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors.

Dr. Natalia I. Tsyntsaru
Prof. Dr. Henrikas Cesiulis
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • solid-state electrochemistry
  • applied electrochemistry
  • material electrochemistry
  • electrochemical synthesis
  • corrosion
  • electrocatalysis
  • electrode processes kinetics
  • electrochemical and photoelectrochemical characteristics
  • electrochemical engineering
  • electrodeposition, electroplating and electropolishing
  • electrochemical energy storage and conversion
  • electroanalytical methods
  • nanoelectrochemistry

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 3920 KiB  
Article
Recovery of Metal Ions (Cd2+, Co2+, and Ni2+) from Nitrate and Sulfate on Laser-Induced Graphene Film Using Applied Voltage and Its Application
by Xiu-man Wang, Tong Su and Yujun Chai
Materials 2024, 17(12), 2965; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17122965 - 17 Jun 2024
Viewed by 327
Abstract
The urgent removal of Cd, Co, and Ni from nitrate and sulfate is essential to mitigate the potential risk of chemical pollution from large volumes of industrial wastewater. In this study, these metal ions were rapidly recovered through applying voltage on nitrate and [...] Read more.
The urgent removal of Cd, Co, and Ni from nitrate and sulfate is essential to mitigate the potential risk of chemical pollution from large volumes of industrial wastewater. In this study, these metal ions were rapidly recovered through applying voltage on nitrate and sulfate, utilizing laser-induced graphene/polyimide (LIG/PI) film as the electrode. Following the application of external voltage, both the pH value and conductivity of the solution undergo changes. Compared to Co2+ and Ni2+, Cd2+ exhibits a lower standard electrode potential and stronger reducibility. Consequently, in both nitrate and sulfate solutions, the reaction sequence follows the order of Cd2+ > Co2+ > Ni2+, with the corresponding electrode adsorption quantities in the order of Cd2+ > Co2+ ~ Ni2+. Additionally, using the recovered Co(OH)2 as the raw material, a LiCoO2 composite was prepared. The assembled battery with this composite exhibited a specific capacity of 122.8 mAh g−1, meeting practical application requirements. This research has significance for fostering green development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Material Science and Electrode Processes)
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22 pages, 3109 KiB  
Article
Determination of Fluorine by Ion-Selective Electrode and High-Resolution Continuum Source Graphite Furnace Molecular Absorption Spectrometry with Respect to Animal Feed Safety
by Zofia Kowalewska, Karolina Goluch, Waldemar Korol, Rafał Olchowski and Ryszard Dobrowolski
Materials 2024, 17(12), 2812; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17122812 - 9 Jun 2024
Viewed by 398
Abstract
Fluorine, depending on its concentration and chemical form, is essential or toxic to humans and animals. Therefore, it is crucial to be able to determine it reliably. In this study, fluorine was determined in animal feed after extraction with HCl (gastric juice simulation). [...] Read more.
Fluorine, depending on its concentration and chemical form, is essential or toxic to humans and animals. Therefore, it is crucial to be able to determine it reliably. In this study, fluorine was determined in animal feed after extraction with HCl (gastric juice simulation). The standard potentiometric method with a fluoride-selective electrode (ISE) and newly developed high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS GFMAS) method was applied. Feed samples turned out to be a challenge for HR-CS GFMAS. Chemical interferences (formation of competing molecules, CaF, GaCl, and GaP, instead of the target GaF molecule) and spectral effects (including a phosphorous molecule spectrum and atomic lines) were identified. An additional difficulty was caused by reagent contamination with F and memory effects. Difficulties were eliminated/reduced. The quality of ISE analysis was multi-directionally verified (including comprehensive proficiency testing). A risk of inaccuracy at low F concentration, where the calibration relationship is nonlinear, was investigated. The results of both methods were consistent, which confirms the accuracy of the methods and informs that the extracted fluorine is in fluoride form. The results of extensive ISE tests conducted in Poland in 2021–2023 have shown that, in most cases, the fluoride content is significantly lower than the threshold values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Material Science and Electrode Processes)
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11 pages, 1536 KiB  
Article
Comparative Analysis of Metal Electrodeposition Rates towards Formation of High-Entropy WFeCoNiCu Alloy
by Tomasz Ratajczyk and Mikołaj Donten
Materials 2024, 17(7), 1513; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17071513 - 27 Mar 2024
Viewed by 695
Abstract
This study presents a calculation and comparison of Fe, Co, Ni and Cu deposition rates in the tungsten codeposition process based on the electrodeposition of numerous tungsten alloys. Eight different tungsten alloys containing from two to five metals were electrodeposited in constant conditions [...] Read more.
This study presents a calculation and comparison of Fe, Co, Ni and Cu deposition rates in the tungsten codeposition process based on the electrodeposition of numerous tungsten alloys. Eight different tungsten alloys containing from two to five metals were electrodeposited in constant conditions in order to compare the exact reduction rates. The calculated rates enabled control of the alloy composition precise enough to obtain a high-entropy WFeCoNiCu alloy with a well-balanced composition. The introduction of copper to form the quinternary alloy was found to catalyze the whole process, increasing the deposition rates of all the components of the high-entropy alloy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Material Science and Electrode Processes)
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19 pages, 5050 KiB  
Article
Impact of High-Frequency Traveling-Wave Magnetic Fields on Low-Conductivity Liquids: Investigation and Potential Applications in the Chemical Industry
by Xinyu Cui, Xianzhao Na, Xiaodong Wang, Roland Ernst and Fautrelle Yves
Materials 2024, 17(4), 944; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17040944 - 18 Feb 2024
Viewed by 773
Abstract
High-frequency traveling-wave magnetic fields refer to alternating magnetic fields that propagate through space in a wave-like manner at high frequencies. These magnetic fields are characterized by their ability to generate driving forces and induce currents in conductive materials, such as liquids or metals. [...] Read more.
High-frequency traveling-wave magnetic fields refer to alternating magnetic fields that propagate through space in a wave-like manner at high frequencies. These magnetic fields are characterized by their ability to generate driving forces and induce currents in conductive materials, such as liquids or metals. This article investigates the application and approaches of a unique form of high-frequency traveling-wave magnetic fields to low-conductivity liquids with conductivity ranging from 1 to 102 S/m. Experiments were conducted using four representative electrolytic solutions commonly employed in the chemical industry: sulfuric acid (H2SO4), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium chloride (NaCl), and ionic liquid ([Bmim]BF4). The investigation focuses on the impact of high-frequency magnetic fields on these solutions at the optimal operating point of the system, considering the effects of Joule heating. The findings reveal that the high-frequency traveling magnetic field exerts a significant volumetric force on all four low-conductivity liquids. This technology, characterized by its non-contact and pollution-free nature, high efficiency, large driving volume, and rapid driving speeds (up to several centimeters per second), also provides uniform velocity distribution and notable thermal effects. It holds considerable promise for applications in the chemical industry, metallurgy, and other sectors where enhanced three-phase transfer processes are essential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Material Science and Electrode Processes)
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13 pages, 4111 KiB  
Article
Synergetic Effect and Phase Engineering by Formation of Ti3C2Tx Modified 2H/1T-MoSe2 Composites for Enhanced HER
by Lei Xiao, Qichao Yang, Xiangyang Zhu, Yang Wei and Jing Wang
Materials 2023, 16(21), 6991; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16216991 - 31 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1078
Abstract
The typical semi conductivity and few active sites of hydrogen evolution of 2H MoSe2 severely restrict its electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. At the same time, the 1T MoSe2 has metal conductivity and plentiful hydrogen evolution sites, making it feasible to optimize [...] Read more.
The typical semi conductivity and few active sites of hydrogen evolution of 2H MoSe2 severely restrict its electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. At the same time, the 1T MoSe2 has metal conductivity and plentiful hydrogen evolution sites, making it feasible to optimize the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution behavior of MoSe2 using phase engineering. In this study, we, through a simple one-step hydrothermal method, composed 1T/2H MoSe2, and then used newly emerging transition metal carbides with several atomic-layer thicknesses Ti3C2Tx to improve the conductivity of a MoSe2-based electrocatalyst. Finally, MoSe2@Ti3C2Tx was successfully synthesized, according to the control of the additional amount of Ti3C2Tx, to form a proper MoSe2/ Ti3C2Tx heterostructure with a better electrochemical HER performance. As obtained MoSe2@4 mg-Ti3C2Tx achieved a low overpotential, a small Tafel slope and this work offers additional insight into broadened MoSe2 and MXenes-based catalyst’s electrochemical application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Material Science and Electrode Processes)
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13 pages, 5163 KiB  
Article
Controlling the Cooling Rate of Hydrothermal Synthesis to Enhance the Supercapacitive Properties of β-Nickel Hydroxide Electrode Materials
by Yang-Ming Lu and Sheng-Huai Hong
Materials 2023, 16(16), 5576; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16165576 - 11 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 983
Abstract
The demand for power storage devices with good quality, fast charging and high energy density is becoming more and more urgent in today’s electronic technology. For batteries and traditional capacitors, it is an insurmountable challenge to combine fast charging and discharging, large capacitance [...] Read more.
The demand for power storage devices with good quality, fast charging and high energy density is becoming more and more urgent in today’s electronic technology. For batteries and traditional capacitors, it is an insurmountable challenge to combine fast charging and discharging, large capacitance and long-life properties. The characteristics of supercapacitors can meet all the above requirements at the same time. In this study, a simple one-step hydrothermal method was successfully used to grow β-nickel hydroxide nanocone particles directly on the 3D foamed nickel substrate as a working electrode material for supercapacitors. After growing β-nickel hydroxide crystals on 3D foamed nickel substrate, by controlling the cooling rate, a well-crystalized β-nickel hydroxide with good capacitance characteristics can be obtained. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to analyze the capacitance characteristics of the β-nickel hydroxide electrode. The research results show that the specific capacitance value of the β-Ni(OH)2/3D nickel foam electrode material prepared at the cooling rate of 10 °C/h can reach 539 F/g with the charge–discharge test at a current density of 3 A/g. After 1000 continuous charge and discharge cycles, the material still retains 94.1% of the specific capacitance value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Material Science and Electrode Processes)
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Review

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15 pages, 2605 KiB  
Review
Divalent Metal Ion Depletion from Wastewater by RVC Cathodes: A Critical Review
by Alessandro Dell’Era, Carla Lupi, Erwin Ciro, Francesca A. Scaramuzzo and Mauro Pasquali
Materials 2024, 17(2), 464; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17020464 - 18 Jan 2024
Viewed by 742
Abstract
In this paper, a critical review of results obtained using a reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) three-dimensional cathode for the electrochemical depletion of various divalent ions, such as Cu+2, Cd+2, Pb+2, Zn+2, Ni+2, and [...] Read more.
In this paper, a critical review of results obtained using a reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) three-dimensional cathode for the electrochemical depletion of various divalent ions, such as Cu+2, Cd+2, Pb+2, Zn+2, Ni+2, and Co+2, often present in wastewater, has been carried out. By analyzing the kinetics and fluid dynamics of the process found in literature, a general dimensionless equation, Sh = f(Re), has been determined, describing a general trend for all the analyzed systems regardless of the geometry, dimensions, and starting conditions. Thus, a map in the log(Sh) vs. log(Re) plane has been reported by characterizing the whole ion electrochemical depletion process and highlighting the existence of a good correlation among all the results. Moreover, because in recent years, the interest in using this three-dimensional cathode material seems to have slowed, the intent is to revive it as a useful tool for metal recovery, recycling processes, and water treatments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrochemical Material Science and Electrode Processes)
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