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Materials
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Advanced Composite Materials for Structural Maintenance, Repair, and Control
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Advanced Composite Materials for Structural Maintenance, Repair, and Control

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Composites".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2024) | Viewed by 10319

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Abdul Aabid

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering Management, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Interests: aerospace structures repair and control; structural dynamics; composite materials; smart materials; finite element modelling and analysis; design of experiments; machine learning approach; fluid dynamics and control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Muneer Baig

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering Management, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Interests: material science and engineering; experimental methods; manufacturing process; structural dynamics; composite materials; finite element modelling and analysis; design of experiments; machine learning approach; fluid dynamics and control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Meftah Hrairi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Interests: mechanical engineering; stress analysis; structural repair; finite element analysis; interdisciplinary engineering; non-destructive testing; structural health monitoring; applied sciences and technologies; petroleum and gas
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the last four decades, bonded composite repair methods featuring various composite material patches such as CFRP, boron/epoxy, carbon/epoxy, and glass/epoxy were used to repair damaged/thin plate structures. This was referred to as “passive repair of damaged structure”. Because they could withstand the imposed stresses at a fraction of the weight of the metallic alloys, these materials were appealing to those engaged in the maintenance, repair, and control of damaged structures. Since then, the usage of composite materials has spread throughout the world, from secondary to primary structures of aerospace, automotive and other fields. New advanced composite materials, repair methods, simulation approaches, and optimization techniques are undergoing continuous development with the objective of controlling structural damage, minimizing fracture parameters, improving a vehicle’s cost efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and providing advanced solutions for the repair and maintenance of damaged structures.

This Special Issue aims to present the positive expectations concerning the bonded composite repair of damaged structures, but also to highlight the negative effects of their incorrect or ineffective usage. We hope to provide knowledge and proof in favor of effective structural uses. Researchers from both academia and industry are encouraged to report the outcomes of their experiences, lessons learned, and their predictions for future advancements.

Papers addressing the whole aerospace community, with emphasis on technical advancements, experimental and numerical optimization, as well as practical applications, particularly with regard to predicted and accomplished outcomes, will be highly appreciated.

Dr. Abdul Aabid
Dr. Muneer Baig
Prof. Dr. Meftah Hrairi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • advanced composite materials
  • bonded composite repair/passive repair
  • damage structural control
  • design of experiments
  • experimental methods
  • finite element method
  • fracture behavior and crack propagation
  • J-integral evaluation
  • lightweight materials
  • machine learning approach
  • manufacturing processes
  • material science
  • numerical methods
  • stress analysis
  • stress concentration factor
  • stress intensity factor
  • structural maintenance

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Published Papers (8 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

3 pages, 173 KiB  
Editorial
Advanced Composite Materials for Structural Maintenance, Repair, and Control
by Abdul Aabid, Muneer Baig and Meftah Hrairi
Materials 2023, 16(2), 743; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16020743 - 12 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1592
Abstract
A newly added Special Issue (SI) of the Materials journal, titled "Advanced Composite Materials for Structural Maintenance, Repair, and Control" focuses on the foundations, characterizations, and applications of several advanced composites [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Composite Materials for Structural Maintenance, Repair, and Control)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

12 pages, 3389 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of Layered SiC/C/Si/MeSi2/Me Ceramic–Metal Composites via Liquid Silicon Infiltration of Metal–Carbon Matrices
by Alexei Kaledin, Sergey Shikunov, Julia Zubareva, Ivan Shmytko, Boris Straumal and Vladimir Kurlov
Materials 2024, 17(3), 650; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17030650 - 29 Jan 2024
Viewed by 975
Abstract
The growing demand for composite materials capable of enduring prolonged loads in high-temperature and aggressive environments presents pressing challenges for materials scientists. Ceramic materials composed of silicon carbide largely possess high mechanical strength at a relatively low density, even at elevated temperatures. However, [...] Read more.
The growing demand for composite materials capable of enduring prolonged loads in high-temperature and aggressive environments presents pressing challenges for materials scientists. Ceramic materials composed of silicon carbide largely possess high mechanical strength at a relatively low density, even at elevated temperatures. However, they are inherently brittle in nature, leading to concerns about their ability to fracture. The primary objective of this study was to develop a novel technique for fabricating layered composite materials by incorporating SiC-based ceramics, refractory metals, and their silicides as integral constituents. These layered composites were produced through the liquid-phase siliconization method applied to metal–carbon blanks. Analysis of the microstructure of the resultant materials revealed that when a metal element interacts with molten silicon, it leads to the formation of a layer of metal silicide on the metal’s surface. Furthermore, three-point bending tests exhibited an enhancement in the bending strength of the layered composite in comparison to the base silicon carbide ceramics. Additionally, the samples demonstrated a quasi-plastic nature during the process of destruction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Composite Materials for Structural Maintenance, Repair, and Control)
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26 pages, 22001 KiB  
Article
Parametric Optimization of Torsional Parameters of Ferrocement “U” Wrapped Beams Using Recent Meta-Heuristic Optimization Algorithms
by Gopal Charan Behera, Dilip Kumar Bagal, Praddyut Kumar Muduli, Louai A. Maghrabi and Harish Chandra Mohanta
Materials 2023, 16(20), 6727; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16206727 - 17 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1032
Abstract
Structural elements are subjected to different types of loads, one of which is a torsional load. Due to the complexity of the analysis, torsion was not given much importance in earlier days. With stringent updates in codal provisions and due to architectural modifications, [...] Read more.
Structural elements are subjected to different types of loads, one of which is a torsional load. Due to the complexity of the analysis, torsion was not given much importance in earlier days. With stringent updates in codal provisions and due to architectural modifications, torsion is now considered one of the major parameters for structural design. The main aim of this paper is to analyze distressed elements due to torsion. It highlights different approaches, such as destructive and non-destructive processes, to be adopted to estimate the torsional parameters of a ferrocement “U” wrapped beam. The destructive method is the experimental determination of parameters, which is absolutely necessary. The non-destructive method includes an analytical method based on a softened truss model as well as a soft computing method. The soft computing method is based on the regression coefficient analysis method along with two recent optimization algorithms, i.e., (1) ARO (artificial rabbits optimization) and (2) DAOA (dynamic arithmetic optimization algorithm). The predicted results are found to be in agreement with the experimental values (destructive method). Lastly, the obtained results from both proposed methods are analyzed, and it is found that both algorithms can be utilized in any engineering problem to determine the global optimum value with corresponding input optimal settings. As the experimental method is time-consuming and expensive, analytical, and soft computing methods can be preferred over the experimental method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Composite Materials for Structural Maintenance, Repair, and Control)
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17 pages, 6550 KiB  
Article
Investigation of the Bonding Mechanism between Overlapping Textile Layers for FRP Repair Based on Dry Textile Patches
by David Rabe, Juan Daniel Ortega Arbulu, Eric Häntzsche and Chokri Cherif
Materials 2023, 16(13), 4680; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16134680 - 28 Jun 2023
Viewed by 934
Abstract
Lots of damaged fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) components are replaced by new components instead of repairing. Furthermore, only very labor-intensive repair methods are available on the market to fully restore the integrity of the structure. This requires a high level of experience or, alternatively, [...] Read more.
Lots of damaged fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) components are replaced by new components instead of repairing. Furthermore, only very labor-intensive repair methods are available on the market to fully restore the integrity of the structure. This requires a high level of experience or, alternatively, very cost-intensive technology, such as the use of computer tomography and robotics. The high costs and CO2 emissions caused by the manufacture of FRP components then bear no relation to their service life. The research project IGF-21985 BR “FRP-Repair” aims to solve the named challenges. Using semiconductor oxide catalysts, the matrix can be locally depolymerized by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and thus removed from the damaged area of the FRP component. Subsequently, the damaged fibers in this area can be detached. By using customized textile repair patches and local thermoset reinfiltration, the repair area is restored. With this process, the fiber structure can be repaired locally with new fibers on the textile level. The repair is similar to the original production of a fiber composite in an infusion process. No additional adhesive material is used. As a result, repaired FRP structures with restored mechanics and a near-original surface can be realized. This article provides an insight into the actual steps of the development of the FRP component repair process using dry textile patches. The empirical investigation of overlapped rovings and UD material showed the expected results. Residual fracture forces of up to 86% could be achieved. The most interesting approach on the roving level was splicing the overlapping fibers. The free ends of the fibers of the patch and part are mechanically bonded. This bond at the textile level is further strengthened by infusion with matrix. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Composite Materials for Structural Maintenance, Repair, and Control)
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23 pages, 5731 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Reinforcing Patch Effects on Cracked Plates Using Analytical Modeling and Taguchi Design
by Abdul Aabid
Materials 2023, 16(12), 4348; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16124348 - 13 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 816
Abstract
Over the past four decades, the use of composite materials for the repair of cracked structural plates with glued patches has been extensively studied. Attention has been focused on determining a mode-I crack opening displacement, which is important in tension load and in [...] Read more.
Over the past four decades, the use of composite materials for the repair of cracked structural plates with glued patches has been extensively studied. Attention has been focused on determining a mode-I crack opening displacement, which is important in tension load and in preventing the failure of a structure due to small damages. Therefore, the significance of conducting this work is to determine the mode-I crack displacement of the stress intensity factor (SIF) using analytical modeling and an optimization method. In this study, an analytical solution was obtained for an edge crack on a rectangular aluminum plate with single- and double-sided quasi-isotropic reinforcing patches, using linear elastic fracture mechanics and Rose’s analytical approach. Additionally, an optimization technique with the Taguchi design was used to define the optimal solution of the SIF from the suitable parameters and levels. As a result, a parametric study was conducted to assess the mitigation of the SIF using analytical modeling, and the same data were used to optimize the results via the Taguchi design. This study successfully determined and optimized the SIF, demonstrating an energy- and cost-efficient approach to address damage control in structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Composite Materials for Structural Maintenance, Repair, and Control)
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19 pages, 9200 KiB  
Article
A Study on the Effect of Piezoelectric Nonlinearity on the Bending Behaviour of Smart Laminated Composite Beam
by Adnan Akhlaq, Mohd Sultan Ibrahim Shaik Dawood, Mohamed Ali Jaffar Syed and Erwin Sulaeman
Materials 2023, 16(7), 2839; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16072839 - 2 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1238
Abstract
This paper presents a finite element analysis to model and analyze composite laminated beams with distributed piezoelectric actuators attached to the top and bottom surfaces considering nonlinear constitutive equations under a high electric field. The static response is presented for piezoelectric composite laminated [...] Read more.
This paper presents a finite element analysis to model and analyze composite laminated beams with distributed piezoelectric actuators attached to the top and bottom surfaces considering nonlinear constitutive equations under a high electric field. The static response is presented for piezoelectric composite laminated beam using higher order electric field nonlinearity to assess the effect of electrostriction and elastostriction coefficient at a high electric field. A finite element approach based on higher-order shear deformation theory is applied for static analysis of composite laminated beams, varying the thickness and orientation of laminates, to verify the nonlinear effect under a high electric field. A good comparison of results is shown with the available results in the literature. The finding of the results highlights the importance of considering elastostriction term along with the electrostriction term in determining the deflection and stresses of the composite laminated beam. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Composite Materials for Structural Maintenance, Repair, and Control)
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14 pages, 3744 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Structural Damage Repair with Single and Double-Sided Composite Patches through the Finite Element Analysis and Taguchi Method
by Abdul Aabid, Yasser E. Ibrahim, Meftah Hrairi and Jaffar Syed Mohamed Ali
Materials 2023, 16(4), 1581; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041581 - 14 Feb 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1565
Abstract
Over the last four decades, numerous studies have been conducted on the use of bonded composite repairs for aircraft structures. These studies have explored the repair of damaged plates through experimental, numerical, and analytical methods and have found that bonded composite repairs are [...] Read more.
Over the last four decades, numerous studies have been conducted on the use of bonded composite repairs for aircraft structures. These studies have explored the repair of damaged plates through experimental, numerical, and analytical methods and have found that bonded composite repairs are effective in controlling crack damage propagation in thin plates. The use of double-sided composite repairs has been found to improve repair performance within certain limits. This study focuses on these limits and optimizes double-sided composite repairs by varying adhesive bond and composite patch parameters. The optimization process begins with a finite element analysis to determine the stress intensity factor (SIF) for various variables and levels, followed by the application of the Taguchi method to find the optimal combination of parameters for maximizing the normalized SIF. In conclusion, we successfully determined the stress intensity factor (SIF) for various variations and normalized it for optimization. An optimization study was then performed using the Taguchi design and the results were analyzed. Our findings demonstrate the repair performance of bonded composite patches using a cost-effective and energy-efficient approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Composite Materials for Structural Maintenance, Repair, and Control)
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14 pages, 3430 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on Bond Behavior of Glass Textile Mesh in Earth-Based Matrix
by Weinan Han, Feng Wu, Yugang Zhao, Haitao Wang and Shenglin Chu
Materials 2023, 16(3), 1161; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16031161 - 29 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1309
Abstract
The bond behavior between the textile and the earth-based matrix determined the reinforcement effectiveness of the composite systems. This paper presented a pull-out experimental study on the glass textile mesh reinforced earth-based matrix. The bond behavior was studied using different development length, mesh [...] Read more.
The bond behavior between the textile and the earth-based matrix determined the reinforcement effectiveness of the composite systems. This paper presented a pull-out experimental study on the glass textile mesh reinforced earth-based matrix. The bond behavior was studied using different development length, mesh spacing size and matrix thickness, with a total of 32 experimental specimens. The test results showed that the peak pull-out force had increased by 31.7% and 40.5% with 200 mm and 300 mm versus 100 mm development length, respectively. The 16 mm compared to 10 mm matrix thickness specimens had a high strength improvement (9.73%) because the elevated thickness had increased the matrix strength. However, the 20 mm versus 10 mm mesh spacing size specimens had achieved a slight reduction (5.72%) due to the reduction in the number of textiles along the weft direction. The failure mode shifted from pulling out, compound modes (both pulling out and textile rupture) to textile rupture mainly accompanied by elevated development length. In addition, we discussed the applicability of the trilinear bond-slip model on the earth-based matrix and proposed a method based on the fracture energy concept for estimating the effective development length, which could provide a reference for future research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Composite Materials for Structural Maintenance, Repair, and Control)
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