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Processing–Structure–Properties Relationships of Advanced Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 May 2025 | Viewed by 6285

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
Interests: computational solid mechanics; plasticity; creep-fatigue at high temperature; additive manufacturing; micromechanics of fatigue; miniature specimen testing; finite element analysis

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Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing & Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Interests: additive manufacturing; novel advanced manufacturing methods; thermo-mechanical modelling; X-ray diffraction measurement; residual stress

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The processing–structure–properties relationships are the basic guiding principles in design, development and application of materials, and represent the core of materials science and engineering. The close relationship among the processing parameters, microstructure, and mechanical properties is a matter of interest in different areas such as foundry, plastic forming, sintering, welding, etc., and is relevant for both well-established and innovative processes. 

With the development of various advanced manufacturing methods, the manufacturing of advanced materials has been significantly improved. However, the relationship of process–structure–properties requires in-depth investigation. Processing parameters are usually provided by the machine manufacturer as a range of error. The challenge in relating parameter errors to processing is that the parameters are also related to microstructural characteristics, which can subsequently govern the mechanical performance of the corresponding materials. The development of predictive modeling, based on the understanding of the relationships between process parameters, microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties, is a potentially key ingredient in this optimization process. The development of predictive methods based on a fundamental understanding of process–structure–properties relationships could make a significant contribution to the increased uptake for industrial production.

Based on the above, it is my pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript for this Special Issue. This Special Issue aims to report recent advances in processing–structure–properties relationships for structural materials and various ways to push their limits towards industrial applications. Full papers, communications, and reviews are all welcome. Potential papers include—but are not limited to—the following subjects:

  • Superalloys;
  • Steels;
  • Coatings;
  • High-temperature ceramics;
  • Additive manufacturing;
  • Materials design, processing and property

Prof. Dr. Ming Li
Dr. Wenyou Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • advanced materials
  • processing
  • material properties
  • applications

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 5579 KiB  
Article
Melt Pool Changes Characterization in Laser-Processed H11 Hot Work Tool Steel Using Point-by-Point Scanning Mode towards LPBF Process Optimization
by Krzysztof Fryzowicz, Radosław Bardo, Rafał Dziurka, Jakub Kawałko, Grzegorz Cios, Andrzej Stwora and Piotr Bała
Materials 2024, 17(18), 4631; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17184631 - 21 Sep 2024
Viewed by 691
Abstract
Additive manufacturing techniques employing laser-based metal melting have garnered significant attention within the scientific community. Despite a decade of comprehensive research on the fundamentals of these techniques, there still remain unexplored facets related to heat flux impact on metallic alloys’ properties. Particularly, the [...] Read more.
Additive manufacturing techniques employing laser-based metal melting have garnered significant attention within the scientific community. Despite a decade of comprehensive research on the fundamentals of these techniques, there still remain unexplored facets related to heat flux impact on metallic alloys’ properties. Particularly, the effects of point-by-point laser operation on melt pool formation in metallic materials still remain unclear. Thus, this study focuses on the implications of laser metal melting, particularly investigating a point-by-point laser mode operation’s influence on melt pool formation and its geometry in the phase-transformation-sensitive material H11 hot work tool steel. To examine the melt pool, singular laser tracks with various laser parameters were scanned across H11 sheet metal, which allowed for the elimination of layer-by-layer heat cycles’ influence on the melt pool’s microstructure. Samples were examined by means of metallography, revealing significant differences in the melt pool’s depth, influenced mostly by exposure time rather than volumetric energy density. Heat-affected zone effects were found to have a limited range and thus potentially marginal effects in layer-by-layer manufacturing conditions. At the same time, retained austenite concentrations near fusion lines have been found within melt pools, suggesting potential micro-segregation of the alloying additions. The results present guidelines towards laser melting processes optimization. Full article
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15 pages, 3218 KiB  
Article
The Electromagnetic Noise Level Influence on the Laser Micro-Perforation Process Specific to Automotive Components
by Alexandru-Nicolae Rusu, Dorin-Ion Dumitrascu and Adela-Eliza Dumitrascu
Materials 2024, 17(16), 4131; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164131 - 21 Aug 2024
Viewed by 661
Abstract
This article focuses on the influence of generated electromagnetic noise (energy) during the micro-perforation process. This study aims to investigate the critical parameters and effects of using laser technology in the processing of textile materials for airbags. Different levels of electromagnetic noise and [...] Read more.
This article focuses on the influence of generated electromagnetic noise (energy) during the micro-perforation process. This study aims to investigate the critical parameters and effects of using laser technology in the processing of textile materials for airbags. Different levels of electromagnetic noise and material thicknesses were investigated to ensure the quality of manufactured parts and the best component performance. A factorial analysis (DOE) was developed to evaluate the influence of electromagnetic noise levels over pull test results and its effect on the micro-perforation process. The overall inferential analysis concludes a significant influence of the noise levels on micro-perforation processing. The detailed analysis suggests that 1.2 V is an optimal level of electromagnetic noise where the material maintains its mechanical properties in a more predictable and consistent manner. Additionally, the factorial design provides significant evidence for an interaction and main effects’ influences of analyzed factors. The obtained results in this study have demonstrated that monitoring and controlling the noise level have beneficial effects over the laser processing. This ensures that the safety aspect of the produced parts is entirely upheld and protected. Also, this research contributes to improving the manufacturing process and ensures that high-quality products are obtained, being suitable for use in sensitive applications such as automotive airbags. Full article
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40 pages, 24981 KiB  
Article
Modeling Strain Hardening of Metallic Materials with Sigmoidal Function Considering Temperature and Strain Rate Effects
by Boyu Pan, Fuhui Shen, Sanjay Raghav Sampathkumar and Sebastian Münstermann
Materials 2024, 17(16), 3950; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17163950 - 8 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1217
Abstract
This study uses a sigmoidal function to describe the plastic strain hardening of metallic materials, considering temperature and strain rate effects. The effectiveness of this approach is evaluated and systematically compared with other hardening laws. Incorporating temperature and strain rate effects into the [...] Read more.
This study uses a sigmoidal function to describe the plastic strain hardening of metallic materials, considering temperature and strain rate effects. The effectiveness of this approach is evaluated and systematically compared with other hardening laws. Incorporating temperature and strain rate effects into the parameters of this sigmoidal-type hardening law enables a more precise description and prediction of the plastic deformation of materials under different combinations of temperature and strain rate. The temperature effect is coupled using a simplified Arrhenius model, and the strain rate effect is coupled with a modified Johnson–Cook model. The sigmoidal-type hardening law is integrated with an asymmetric yield criterion to address complex behavior, such as anisotropy and strength differential effects. The calibration and validation of the constitutive model involve examining uniaxial tensile/compressive flow curves in various directions and biaxial tensile/compressive flow curves for diverse metallic alloys, proving the proposed model’s broad applicability. Full article
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11 pages, 7252 KiB  
Article
On Defect Evolution in EBM Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V via In Situ Investigations
by Wei Sun, Ming Li and Hezong Li
Materials 2024, 17(12), 2888; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17122888 - 13 Jun 2024
Viewed by 588
Abstract
This study concerned the in situ investigation of the defect evolution and fracture mechanism of additively manufactured (AM) Ti-6Al-4V under uniaxial tensile tests. In order to achieve this, microstructure characterization was initially carried out in order to identify the defects within the matrix [...] Read more.
This study concerned the in situ investigation of the defect evolution and fracture mechanism of additively manufactured (AM) Ti-6Al-4V under uniaxial tensile tests. In order to achieve this, microstructure characterization was initially carried out in order to identify the defects within the matrix of the candidate material. In situ testing was then performed, focusing on the spherical defect to observe its evolution under tensile loading. It was found that, before the fracture stage, the geometric evolution of the spherical defect towards an ellipse shape was dominated by the load in the tensile direction. In addition, the slip band density was found to be aggravated near the spherical defect due to the geometric discontinuity-induced stress concentration. During the fracture process, the defect geometry evolved as an irregular shape, which was mainly attributed to the micro-void-induced localized multi-axial stress state. The fracture analysis indicated that defects play a key role in crack initiation, leading to the fracture of LPBF materials. Full article
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25 pages, 41420 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Praseodymium Ions Dopant on 9/65/35 PLZT Ceramics’ Behaviors, Prepared by the Gel-Combustion Route
by Małgorzata Płońska and Julian Plewa
Materials 2023, 16(23), 7498; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16237498 - 4 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1183
Abstract
In this work, were synthesized (Pb0.91La0.09)(Zr0.65Ti0.35)0.9775O3 ceramic materials with different concentrations of praseodymium (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1 wt.%) via gel-combustion route and sintered by the hot uniaxial pressing method. Measurements were [...] Read more.
In this work, were synthesized (Pb0.91La0.09)(Zr0.65Ti0.35)0.9775O3 ceramic materials with different concentrations of praseodymium (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1 wt.%) via gel-combustion route and sintered by the hot uniaxial pressing method. Measurements were conducted on the obtained ceramics using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), EDS analysis, and examination of dielectric and ferroelectric optical properties. Results give us a detailed account of the influences of the praseodymium ions on the structural, microstructural, and dielectric properties. 3D fluorescence maps and excitation and emission spectra measurements show how a small admixture changes the ferroelectric relaxor behavior to an optically active ferroelectric luminophore. Full article
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15 pages, 12263 KiB  
Article
Comparative Study on Micro-Grinding Performance of 2.5D Cf/SiCs, 2.5D SiCf/SiCs, and SiC Ceramics
by Quan Wen, Yuanfeng Li and Yadong Gong
Materials 2023, 16(19), 6369; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16196369 - 23 Sep 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1120
Abstract
To investigate the micro-grinding process and performance of 2.5D Cf/SiC composites and 2.5D SiCf/SiC composites in depth, single-factor micro-grinding experiments were conducted by using SiC ceramics as a comparison. Differences in the material removal process, surface microstructure, surface roughness, [...] Read more.
To investigate the micro-grinding process and performance of 2.5D Cf/SiC composites and 2.5D SiCf/SiC composites in depth, single-factor micro-grinding experiments were conducted by using SiC ceramics as a comparison. Differences in the material removal process, surface microstructure, surface roughness, and grinding force of the three materials under the same grinding parameters were comparatively analyzed. The results indicate that crack propagation is severe during the micro-grinding process of SiC ceramics. The ground surface is uneven, accompanied by pit defects and large surface roughness Ra. However, the presence of reinforcing fibers and interfaces in the two types of composites can inhibit crack propagation or change their extension directions. Therefore, their surfaces are smooth and flat after grinding, with small defects and low surface roughness Ra. In addition, the grinding processes of the two composites are both related to fiber orientation. There are differences in crack propagation paths and fiber fracture positions in the weft fiber layer and the radial fiber layer, which result in different forms of grinding defects. During micro-grinding, the real-time force signals of 2.5D Cf/SiC composites and 2.5D SiCf/SiC composites are relatively stable, while the signals of SiC ceramics have a large number of spikes. The average micro-grinding force of the three materials is: SiC ceramics > 2.5D SiCf/SiC composites > 2.5D Cf/SiC composites. Full article
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