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Advanced Nanostructures and Nanotechnologies for Gas Capture and Adsorption
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Advanced Nanostructures and Nanotechnologies for Gas Capture and Adsorption

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 7623

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Urszula Narkiewicz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
Interests: chemical engineering; surface science; nanotechnology; catalysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Engineered and natural porous materials have been widely used for many purposes, mainly as catalysts and sorbents of impurities in the gas and liquid phase. The appearance of nanotechnology created new opportunities for the development of new strategies for the science and technology of porous materials, new synthesis methods, and new characterization tools. The scientific and industrial significance of porous materials is related to the presence of controllable dimensions at nanometer scale.

It is now possible to finely tune structure parameters, such as pore shape, size, and distribution, and perfectly tailor the material properties, depending on the potential application. The use of modern experimental techniques allows for precise control of the parameters. The issue of inexpensive fabrication methods resulting in reproducible pore geometry remains a challenge.

New applications of porous materials emerged recently, for example, energy storage, fuel cell technology, gas separation, biosensors, tissue engineering, and drug delivery.

Prof. Dr. Urszula Narkiewicz
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Gas capture
  • Gas adsorption
  • Nanostructures
  • Nanotechnologies
  • Porous nanomaterials
  • Microporous nanoparticles
  • Mesoporous nanoparticles
  • Macroporous nanoparticles
  • Hollow metal particles
  • Nanomembranes
  • Porous structure tuning
  • Pore-size distribution tailoring
  • Modeling of pore morphology.

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 3311 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of Graphene/Zinc Oxide Nano-Heterostructure for Hydrogen Sensing
by Yang-Ming Lu, Chi-Feng Tseng, Bing-Yi Lan and Chia-Fen Hsieh
Materials 2021, 14(22), 6943; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14226943 - 17 Nov 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1903
Abstract
In this study, hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4) were used as reactive gases, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was used to grow single-layer graphene on a copper foil substrate. The single-layer graphene obtained was transferred to a single-crystal silicon [...] Read more.
In this study, hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4) were used as reactive gases, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was used to grow single-layer graphene on a copper foil substrate. The single-layer graphene obtained was transferred to a single-crystal silicon substrate by PMMA transfer technology for the subsequent growth of nano zinc oxide. The characteristics of CVD-deposited graphene were analyzed by a Raman spectrometer, an optical microscope, a four-point probe, and an ultraviolet/visible spectrometer. The sol–gel method was applied to prepare the zinc oxide seed layer film with the spin-coating method, with methanol, zinc acetate, and sodium hydroxide as the precursors for growing ZnO nanostructures. On top of the ZnO seed layer, a one-dimensional zinc oxide nanostructure was grown by a hydrothermal method at 95 °C, using a zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine mixture solution. The characteristics of the nano zinc oxide were analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM),x-ray diffractometer(XRD), and Raman spectrometer. The obtained graphene/zinc oxide nano-heterostructure sensor has a sensitivity of 1.06 at a sensing temperature of 205 °C and a concentration of hydrogen as low as 5 ppm, with excellent sensing repeatability. The main reason for this is that the zinc oxide nanostructure has a large specific surface area, and many oxygen vacancy defects exist on its surface. In addition, the P–N heterojunction formed between the n-type zinc oxide and the p-type graphene also contributes to hydrogen sensing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanostructures and Nanotechnologies for Gas Capture and Adsorption)
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20 pages, 9182 KiB  
Article
ZnO/Carbon Spheres with Excellent Regenerability for Post-Combustion CO2 Capture
by Iwona Pełech, Daniel Sibera, Piotr Staciwa, Ewelina Kusiak-Nejman, Joanna Kapica-Kozar, Agnieszka Wanag, Urszula Narkiewicz and Antoni W. Morawski
Materials 2021, 14(21), 6478; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216478 - 28 Oct 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2422
Abstract
This paper examines the synthesis of the ZnO/carbon spheres composites using resorcinol—formaldehyde resin as a carbon source and zinc nitrate as a zinc oxide source in a solvothermal reactor heated with microwaves. The influence of activation with potassium oxalate and modification with zinc [...] Read more.
This paper examines the synthesis of the ZnO/carbon spheres composites using resorcinol—formaldehyde resin as a carbon source and zinc nitrate as a zinc oxide source in a solvothermal reactor heated with microwaves. The influence of activation with potassium oxalate and modification with zinc nitrate on the physicochemical properties of the obtained materials and CO2 adsorption capacity was investigated. It was found that in the case of nonactivated material as well as activated materials, the presence of zinc oxide in the carbon matrix had no effect or slightly increased the values of CO2 adsorption capacity. Only for the material where the weight ratio of carbon:zinc was 2:1, the decrease of CO2 adsorption capacity was reported. Additionally, CO2 adsorption experiments on nonactivated carbon spheres and those activated with potassium oxalate with different amounts of zinc nitrate were carried out at 40 °C using thermobalance. The highest CO2 adsorption capacity at temperature 40 °C (2.08 mmol/g adsorbent) was achieved for the material after activation with potassium oxalate with the highest zinc nitrate content as ZnO precursor. Moreover, repeated adsorption/desorption cycle experiments revealed that the as-prepared carbon spheres were very good CO2 adsorbents, exhibiting excellent cyclic stability with a performance decay of less than 10% over up to 25 adsorption-desorption cycles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanostructures and Nanotechnologies for Gas Capture and Adsorption)
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16 pages, 1750 KiB  
Article
An Evaluation of the Reliability of the Results Obtained by the LBET, QSDFT, BET, and DR Methods for the Analysis of the Porous Structure of Activated Carbons
by Mirosław Kwiatkowski and Elżbieta Broniek
Materials 2020, 13(18), 3929; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13183929 - 5 Sep 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2756
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an analysis of the impact of the activator to the product of carbonized materials mass ratio on the porous structure of activated carbons prepared from mahogany, ebony, and hornbeam wood by carbonization and chemical activation with potassium [...] Read more.
This paper presents the results of an analysis of the impact of the activator to the product of carbonized materials mass ratio on the porous structure of activated carbons prepared from mahogany, ebony, and hornbeam wood by carbonization and chemical activation with potassium hydroxide. The analyses were carried out on nitrogen adsorption isotherms using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Dubinin-Radushkevitch (DR), and Quenched Solid Density Functional Theory (QSDFT) methods, as well as the numerical clustering-based adsorption analysis (LBET) method. The activated carbons with the best adsorption properties and homogeneous surfaces were prepared at a mass ratio of R = 3. The analyses suggest the significant potential of producing adsorbents characterized by a large surface area and adsorptive capacity from raw materials such as mahogany, ebony, and hornbeam wood. The analyses in question also included an evaluation of the usability and reliability of the results obtained with the employed methods of structural analysis. Particular focus was placed on the limitations of adsorption models and on critically analyzing the output data. Our study shows the unique advantages of the LBET method compared to the other methods used. The LBET method allowed us, for example, to determine the degree of heterogeneity of the surface of the studied activated carbons and the shape of the clusters of adsorbate molecules formed in the pores of the studied material, as well as obtain information about the distribution of adsorption energy on the first adsorbed layer. This study also demonstrates the limitations of the methods used and the necessity to use LBET and QSDFT methods simultaneously for porous structural analysis. The simultaneous analysis of the adsorption isotherms via the LBET and the QSDFT methods makes it possible to choose the optimal preparation conditions while considering the properties of the original raw material. The analyses also suggest the complementary character of the employed methods and the scope of the useful and reliable information that can be obtained with these methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanostructures and Nanotechnologies for Gas Capture and Adsorption)
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