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Friction Stir Processing and Additive Manufacturing in Light Alloys (Mg, Al, Ti) and Their Composites

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Manufacturing Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 9166

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Anne Mertens

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Aerospace and Mechanics, Faculty of Applied Science, Université de Liège, Quartier Polytech 1, Allée de la Découverte, 13A, B 4000 Liège, Belgium
Interests: additive manufacturing; friction stir processing; light alloys; metal matrix composites; tribology; thermal properties; microstructures; surface modification
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Light alloys are facing an ever-increasing demand, as they can fill the need for materials with high strength-to-weight ratios with the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emission in the transportation industry. However, the use of light alloys and of their composites is not limited to portable applications. By careful control of their microstructure and/or by the addition of a well-chosen second phase in composites, light alloys can also meet more stringent and specific requirements in terms of chemical, thermal, or other functional properties for a large variety of applications.

Over the last few years, friction stir processing and additive manufacturing—each technique with its own specificities—have emerged as powerful techniques for the production of light alloys and light metal matrix composites with tailored—often complex and hierarchical—microstructures and potentially improved usage properties. This Special Issue of Materials thus welcomes contributions on various topics fostering a deeper understanding of the correlations between processing parameters—microstructures and properties in the friction stir processing and additive manufacturing of light alloys (Mg, Al, Ti) and their composites (please see the keywords list below for more examples).

I kindly invite you to submit a manuscript(s) to this Special Issue. Full papers, communications, and reviews are all welcome.

Prof. Anne Mertens
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Severe plastic deformation
  • Laser cladding
  • Laser powder bed fusion
  • Light alloys
  • Metal matrix composites
  • Functional materials
  • Architectured materials
  • Thermal properties
  • Tribological properties
  • Corrosion
  • Biomedical applications

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

30 pages, 8455 KiB  
Article
A New Concept for Modeling Phase Transformations in Ti6Al4V Alloy Manufactured by Directed Energy Deposition
by Jérôme Tchoufang Tchuindjang, Hakan Paydas, Hoang-Son Tran, Raoul Carrus, Laurent Duchêne, Anne Mertens and Anne-Marie Habraken
Materials 2021, 14(11), 2985; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14112985 - 31 May 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3759
Abstract
The microstructure directly influences the subsequent mechanical properties of materials. In the manufactured parts, the elaboration processes set the microstructure features such as phase types or the characteristics of defects and grains. In this light, this article aims to understand the evolution of [...] Read more.
The microstructure directly influences the subsequent mechanical properties of materials. In the manufactured parts, the elaboration processes set the microstructure features such as phase types or the characteristics of defects and grains. In this light, this article aims to understand the evolution of the microstructure during the directed energy deposition (DED) manufacturing process of Ti6Al4V alloy. It sets out a new concept of time-phase transformation-block (TTB). This innovative segmentation of the temperature history in different blocks allows us to correlate the thermal histories computed by a 3D finite element (FE) thermal model and the final microstructure of a multilayered Ti6Al4V alloy obtained from the DED process. As a first step, a review of the state of the art on mechanisms that trigger solid-phase transformations of Ti6Al4V alloy is carried out. This shows the inadequacy of the current kinetic models to predict microstructure evolution during DED as multiple values are reported for transformation start temperatures. Secondly, a 3D finite element (FE) thermal simulation is developed and its results are validated against a Ti6Al4V part representative of repair technique using a DED process. The building strategy promotes the heat accumulation and the part exhibits heterogeneity of hardness and of the nature and the number of phases. Within the generated thermal field history, three points of interest (POI) representative of different microstructures are selected. An in-depth analysis of the thermal curves enables distinguishing solid-phase transformations according to their diffusive or displacive mechanisms. Coupled with the state of the art, this analysis highlights both the variable character of the critical points of transformations, and the different phase transformation mechanisms activated depending on the temperature value and on the heating or cooling rate. The validation of this approach is achieved by means of a thorough qualitative description of the evolution of the microstructure at each of the POI during DED process. The new TTB concept is thus shown to provide a flowchart basis to predict the final microstructure based on FE temperature fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction Stir Processing and Additive Manufacturing in Light Alloys (Mg, Al, Ti) and Their Composites)
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11 pages, 9532 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Usefulness of AlCrN Coatings for Increased Life of Tools Used in Friction Stir Welding (FSW) of Sheet Aluminum Alloy
by Piotr Lacki, Wojciech Więckowski, Grzegorz Luty, Paweł Wieczorek and Maciej Motyka
Materials 2020, 13(18), 4124; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13184124 - 16 Sep 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2340
Abstract
The study presents the results of examinations of wear in tools made of 1.2344 steel without and with an anti-wear coating in the process of welding overlap joints of sheet metal made of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy using friction stir welding (FSW) technology. A [...] Read more.
The study presents the results of examinations of wear in tools made of 1.2344 steel without and with an anti-wear coating in the process of welding overlap joints of sheet metal made of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy using friction stir welding (FSW) technology. A commercial anti-wear AlCrN coating (Balinit® Alcrona Pro by Oerlikon Balzers Coating Poland Sp. z o.o., Polkowice, Poland) was examined, applied using physical vapor deposition (PVD) and used to improve tool life in metalworking processes. Wear tests for the tools were conducted in industrial conditions at specific parameters of the friction stir welding process. Tool wear was evaluated through examination of the tool working surface. The results of the static tensile strength tests and metallographic examinations of the joints were used to evaluate the effect of tool wear and the coating impact on joint quality. The results obtained in the study show that the tool made of 1.2344 steel was intensively worn after the welding of a joint with the length of 200 m, increasing the risk associated with further use of the tool and suggesting the tool’s low durability. The use of the AlCrN coating led to an increase in tool life. The coating limits the process of tool wear and can be used as an anti-wear coating for tools used in the FSW of aluminum alloys. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction Stir Processing and Additive Manufacturing in Light Alloys (Mg, Al, Ti) and Their Composites)
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11 pages, 9424 KiB  
Article
Effect of Corrosion Protection Method on Properties of RSW and RFSSW Lap Joints Applied in Production of Thin-Walled Aerostructures
by Agata Dudek, Jacek Andres, Agata Wrońska and Waldemar Łogin
Materials 2020, 13(8), 1841; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13081841 - 14 Apr 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2507
Abstract
Aluminum structures, and in particular an element of aerostructures, are strongly exposed to the effects of weather conditions. In the case of using new techniques of joining these structural elements, the selection of proper corrosion protection without losing the required properties of the [...] Read more.
Aluminum structures, and in particular an element of aerostructures, are strongly exposed to the effects of weather conditions. In the case of using new techniques of joining these structural elements, the selection of proper corrosion protection without losing the required properties of the joint may determine its potential application. This paper presents the results of experimental research concerning the influence of corrosion protection on the microstructure and mechanical strength of resistance spot welded (RSW) and refill friction stir spot welded (RFSSW) joints. The tests were carried out on 2024 T3 aluminum alloy, both sides alcladed. For comparison purposes, the following joints were welded: without any protection, with the primer layer, with anodic oxide coating, and with anodic oxide coating plus sealant between the overlapping surface of the welded metal sheet. The samples were visually inspected, and metallographic and mechanical strength examination was conducted. The test results indicate that the application of the protective layers and its type have an impact on the strength of RSW and RFSSW joints. The use of an adhesive or sealant in welded joints provides an increase in the load capacity of the joint. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Friction Stir Processing and Additive Manufacturing in Light Alloys (Mg, Al, Ti) and Their Composites)
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