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Biomedical and Environmental Applications of Graphene and Graphene Oxide
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Biomedical and Environmental Applications of Graphene and Graphene Oxide

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Carbon Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2022) | Viewed by 18833

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Lukáš Richtera

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
2. Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Interests: nanomaterial synthesis and characterization; nanoparticles; nanocomposites; carbon-based nanomaterials; electrochemical sensors and biosensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Vojtěch Adam

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
2. Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Interests: metallomics; treatment of tumor disease; biomarkers; theranostics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanocarbon materials are known as biocompatible materials for biological and environmental systems in comparison with inorganic materials because carbon is one of the basic building elements in biological systems. Graphite, the precursor of graphene oxide and graphene, has been safely used in daily routines for a number of years. The derivatives of graphite exhibit unique structural, physical, and chemical features, which makes it an interesting material with applications in many fields. Graphene, a two-dimensional (2D) derivative of graphite, has a number of possible applications in various fields of nanotechnology and nanoscience. Graphene and sensors are an excellent combination because graphene’s large surface-to-volume ratio, unique optical properties, excellent electrical conductivity, high carrier density and mobility, high thermal conductivity, and many other features that can be considerably beneficial for sensor functions. The oxidized form of graphite, termed graphene oxide, exhibits a unique structure equipped with various oxygen-rich functional groups that provide attachment sites to various biological molecules including ribonucleic acid (RNA), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), protein, nano- and microstructures, etc. Attached biomolecules and nano- or microstructures increase the application potential of nanocarbon materials in the research field of environmental and biomedical applications. The undoubted advantage of these nanocarbon materials is their low production costs which enable their use in industry and clinical practice. Here, we welcome short as well as full-length articles and reviews on the topic of applications of graphene and graphene oxide in various fields ranging from the environmental to the biomedical.

Dr. Lukáš Richtera
Prof. Vojtěch Adam
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • graphene oxide
  • reduced graphene oxide
  • bioengineering
  • biosensor
  • biotechnology
  • biomedical applications
  • environmental sciences
  • biosensing
  • bioremediation

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 2240 KiB  
Article
Study on Black Phosphorus Characteristics Using a Two-Step Thinning Method
by Qin Lu, Xiaoyang Li, Haifeng Chen, Yifan Jia, Tengfei Liu, Xiangtai Liu, Shaoqing Wang, Jiao Fu, Daming Chen, Jincheng Zhang and Yue Hao
Materials 2022, 15(2), 615; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15020615 - 14 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2065
Abstract
A mild two-step method of black phosphorus (BP) flake thinning was demonstrated in this article. Slight ultraviolet–ozone (UVO) radiation followed by an argon plasma treatment was employed to oxidize mechanically exfoliated BP flakes and remove the surface remains of previous ozone treatment. The [...] Read more.
A mild two-step method of black phosphorus (BP) flake thinning was demonstrated in this article. Slight ultraviolet–ozone (UVO) radiation followed by an argon plasma treatment was employed to oxidize mechanically exfoliated BP flakes and remove the surface remains of previous ozone treatment. The annealing process introduced aims to reduce impurities and defects. Low damage and efficient electronic devices were fabricated in terms of controlling the thickness of BP flakes through this method. These results lead to an important step toward the fabrication of high-performance devices based on two-dimensioned materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical and Environmental Applications of Graphene and Graphene Oxide)
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12 pages, 8182 KiB  
Article
Catalytic Reduction of Organic Dyes by Multilayered Graphene Platelets and Silver Nanoparticles in Polyacrylic Acid Hydrogel
by Hanyuan Ding, Dexi Nie, Naiyuan Cui, Kaili Li, Xiaojing Zhang and Lei Zhang
Materials 2021, 14(9), 2274; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092274 - 28 Apr 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2112
Abstract
Graphene oxide has been widely used in the oxidative degradation of environmental pollutants. However, its catalytic role can be questioned as graphene oxide with oxygen-containing functional groups may also act as reactant in oxidative reactions. Herein, hydrogel composites loaded with multilayered graphene platelets [...] Read more.
Graphene oxide has been widely used in the oxidative degradation of environmental pollutants. However, its catalytic role can be questioned as graphene oxide with oxygen-containing functional groups may also act as reactant in oxidative reactions. Herein, hydrogel composites loaded with multilayered graphene platelets showed excellent catalytic performance for the reduction of a wastewater organic pollutant (methylene blue) under NaBH4, which proved the catalytic role of multilayered graphene platelets. The liquid-based direct exfoliation method was used to prepare two-dimensional materials, which is compatible with other liquid phase methods to prepare nanomaterials. Hydrogel composites composed of multilayered graphene platelets, silver nanoparticles, and polyacrylic acid hydrogels were synthesized in water solution under irradiation with ultraviolet light, demonstrating the advantages of synthesizing nanocomposites using the liquid-based direct exfoliation method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical and Environmental Applications of Graphene and Graphene Oxide)
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12 pages, 2305 KiB  
Article
Label-Free DNA Biosensor Using Modified Reduced Graphene Oxide Platform as a DNA Methylation Assay
by Eliska Sedlackova, Zuzana Bytesnikova, Eliska Birgusova, Pavel Svec, Amir M. Ashrafi, Pedro Estrela and Lukas Richtera
Materials 2020, 13(21), 4936; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13214936 - 3 Nov 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3081
Abstract
This work reports the use of modified reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a platform for a label-free DNA-based electrochemical biosensor as a possible diagnostic tool for a DNA methylation assay. The biosensor sensitivity was enhanced by variously modified rGO. The rGO decorated with [...] Read more.
This work reports the use of modified reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a platform for a label-free DNA-based electrochemical biosensor as a possible diagnostic tool for a DNA methylation assay. The biosensor sensitivity was enhanced by variously modified rGO. The rGO decorated with three nanoparticles (NPs)—gold (AuNPs), silver (AgNPs), and copper (CuNPs)—was implemented to increase the electrode surface area. Subsequently, the thiolated DNA probe (single-stranded DNA, ssDNA−1) was hybridized with the target DNA sequence (ssDNA-2). After the hybridization, the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) was methylated by M.SssI methyltransferase (MTase) and then digested via a HpaII endonuclease specific site sequence of CpG (5′-CCGG-3′) islands. For monitoring the MTase activity, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used, whereas the best results were obtained by rGO-AuNPs. This assay is rapid, cost-effective, sensitive, selective, highly specific, and displays a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.06 U·mL−1. Lastly, this study was enriched with the real serum sample, where a 0.19 U·mL−1 LOD was achieved. Moreover, the developed biosensor offers excellent potential in future applications in clinical diagnostics, as this approach can be used in the design of other biosensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical and Environmental Applications of Graphene and Graphene Oxide)
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14 pages, 27927 KiB  
Article
Graphene Oxide Aerosol Deposition and its Influence on Cancer Cells. Preliminary Results
by Barbara Nasiłowska, Zdzisław Bogdanowicz, Kinga Hińcza, Zygmunt Mierczyk, Stanisław Góźdź, Małgorzata Djas, Krystian Kowiorski, Aneta Bombalska and Artur Kowalik
Materials 2020, 13(19), 4464; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13194464 - 8 Oct 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2843
Abstract
This paper presents the results of the interaction of graphene oxide (GO) on MDA-MB-231 and SW-954 cancer cell lines. The tests were carried out in two variants. In the first one, GO was sprayed on a Petri dish and then, the cancer cell [...] Read more.
This paper presents the results of the interaction of graphene oxide (GO) on MDA-MB-231 and SW-954 cancer cell lines. The tests were carried out in two variants. In the first one, GO was sprayed on a Petri dish and then, the cancer cell lines were cultured. In the second variant, the cells were covered with an aerosol containing GO. In both variants, cancer cell lines were incubated and tested every 24, 48, and 72 h. After each time period, cell viability and surface morphology were measured. The tests after 72 h showed that coating with GO aerosol caused a reduction in cell viability by 52.7% and 26.4% for MDA-MB-231 and SW-954 cancer cell lines, respectively, with respect to a reference sample (without the influence of GO aerosol). Tests where GO is a culture medium demonstrated a decrease in cell viability by approximately 4.3% compared to a reference sample for both considered cell lines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical and Environmental Applications of Graphene and Graphene Oxide)
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Review

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13 pages, 1639 KiB  
Review
Flake Graphene-Based Nanomaterial Approach for Triggering a Ferroptosis as an Attractive Theranostic Outlook for Tackling Non-Small Lung Cancer: A Mini Review
by Joanna Pancewicz, Wiesława Ewa Niklińska and Adrian Chlanda
Materials 2022, 15(10), 3456; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15103456 - 11 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2287
Abstract
Lung cancer is a highly aggressive neoplasm that is now a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. One of the major approaches for killing cancer cells is related with activation of apoptotic cell death with anti-cancer drugs. However, the efficiency of apoptosis induction [...] Read more.
Lung cancer is a highly aggressive neoplasm that is now a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. One of the major approaches for killing cancer cells is related with activation of apoptotic cell death with anti-cancer drugs. However, the efficiency of apoptosis induction in tumors is limited. Consequently, the development of other forms of non-apoptotic cell death is up to date challenge for scientists worldwide. This situation motivated us to define the aim of this mini-review: gathering knowledge regarding ferroptosis—newly defined programmed cell death process characterized by the excessive accumulation of iron—and combining it with yet another interesting nanomaterial-based graphene approach. In this manuscript, we presented brief information about non-small lung cancer and ferroptosis, followed by a section depicting the key-features of graphene-based nanomaterials influencing their biologically relevant properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical and Environmental Applications of Graphene and Graphene Oxide)
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23 pages, 42650 KiB  
Review
Progress in the Development of Graphene-Based Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration
by Chao Chen, Yuewei Xi and Yunxuan Weng
Materials 2022, 15(6), 2164; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15062164 - 15 Mar 2022
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 5129
Abstract
Over the last few decades, tissue engineering has become an important technology for repairing and rebuilding damaged tissues and organs. The scaffold plays an important role and has become a hot pot in the field of tissue engineering. It has sufficient mechanical and [...] Read more.
Over the last few decades, tissue engineering has become an important technology for repairing and rebuilding damaged tissues and organs. The scaffold plays an important role and has become a hot pot in the field of tissue engineering. It has sufficient mechanical and biochemical properties and simulates the structure and function of natural tissue to promote the growth of cells inward. Therefore, graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs), such as graphene and graphene oxide (GO), have attracted wide attention in the field of biomedical tissue engineering because of their unique structure, large specific surface area, good photo-thermal effect, pH response and broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. In this review, the structure and properties of typical GBNs are summarized, the progress made in the development of GBNs in soft tissue engineering (including skin, muscle, nerve and blood vessel) are highlighted, the challenges and prospects of the application of GBNs in soft tissue engineering have prospected. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical and Environmental Applications of Graphene and Graphene Oxide)
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