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Recent Progress in Advanced Wood and Wood-Based Materials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Composites".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2024) | Viewed by 958

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
DEMad—Departamento de Engenharia de Madeiras, Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Campus Politécnico de Repeses, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
Interests: wood adhesives; wood-based panels (process modeling, formaldehyde and VOCs emissions); high-pressure laminates; wood machining/finishing; wood-plastic composites and circular economy

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Guest Editor
Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
Interests: wood products; wood technology; adhesives for wood composites; sustainable wood composites; recycling
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wood-based composites are composite materials that combine wood or other lignocellulosic materials, in various shapes and sizes, with a binder, generally a thermosetting resin, and which have a wide range of physical properties and mechanics. They emerged as an alternative to solid wood, have a lower cost, greater versatility in volume and shape, enhanced dimensional stability, and more uniform mechanical behavior. They have environmental advantages, as they use raw materials from renewable and recyclable sources, such as wood, and absorb CO2 from the atmosphere, helping to mitigate climate change. In the last decades, environmental regulations, the increase in sustainability of these products, the constraints in the availability of wood raw materials, the introduction of new functionalities and better mechanical performance for structural applications in construction or aesthetic performance for use in furniture, were driving forces for several emerging solutions and the arising of new challenges.

This Special Issue will present the most recent advances on wood-based materials, focusing: decrease of formaldehyde and VOCs emissions, the development of bio-adhesives while maintaining the physico-mechanical properties, the use of alternative lignocellulosic raw-materials from agro-industry, the incorporation of recycled wood or waste from other industries as textile fibers, using of circular economy approaches, the incorporation of nano-additives for new functionalities, dyeing in the bulk for new aesthetics, improved reaction to fire, the possibility of shaping and molding with the combination of thermoplastics, better machinability, new solutions for lightweight composites, composite insulation, and non-destructive testing (e.g., NIR).

Dr. Luísa Carvalho
Prof. Dr. Stergios Adamopoulos
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • wood-based composites
  • bio-adhesives
  • green lignocellulosic composites
  • natural fiber composites
  • formaldehyde and VOC emissions
  • alternative furnishing materials
  • nano-additives

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

22 pages, 5916 KiB  
Article
Effect of Lignosulphonates on the Moisture Resistance of Phenol–Formaldehyde Resins for Exterior Plywood
by Sofia Gonçalves, Nádia T. Paiva, Jorge Martins, Fernão D. Magalhães and Luísa H. Carvalho
Materials 2024, 17(15), 3715; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17153715 - 27 Jul 2024
Viewed by 672
Abstract
Phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resins remain the preferred adhesive for exterior plywood, as they confer these boards their extreme weather resistance. However, their high price and toxicity has made phenol alternatives, such as technical lignins, increasingly more attractive. While many works report the use of [...] Read more.
Phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resins remain the preferred adhesive for exterior plywood, as they confer these boards their extreme weather resistance. However, their high price and toxicity has made phenol alternatives, such as technical lignins, increasingly more attractive. While many works report the use of kraft lignin, the most commercially available form are lignosulphonates (LS). However, these lack industrial success and are associated with low moisture resistance. In the current study, lignosulphonate–phenol–formaldehyde (LPF) resoles were synthesized considering a phenol replacement of 30% (w/w). Two LS samples of softwood (SLS) and hardwood (HLS) origin were compared. These samples were previously methylolated to increase their reactivity. The effectiveness of the treatment was confirmed through the Automated Bonding Evaluation System. Plywood was manufactured and tested according to EN 314 class 3 for exterior conditions, which is seldom found in the literature. Although a 35% increase in shear strength is still necessary to comply with the standard, methylolated SLS was the most promising substitute, as it resulted in the highest board performance. Notably, when this sample was used without previous methylolation, the plywood boards suffered delamination during immersion in boiling water prior to shear testing. These results reinforce the need for the methylolation of LS to increase the weather resistance of plywood. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Advanced Wood and Wood-Based Materials)
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