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Recovery and Preparation of Innovative Products and Composite Materials for Environmental Applications

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Composites".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2024 | Viewed by 3592

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Agnieszka Generowicz

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Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
Interests: waste management; recycling; reuse; recovery; materials from waste; circular economy; sustainable development
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Krzysztof Barbusiński

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Guest Editor
Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Interests: water and wastewater technology; biological processes; advanced oxidation processes (AOPs); deammonification; nitrogen removal in a side stream; circular economy in a wastewater treatment plant; the recovery of raw materials from wastewater and sludge; the energy self-sufficiency of WWTPs; innovative technologies for the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater; technologies and devices reducing the nuisance of WWTPs
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maciej Thomas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
Interests: advanced oxidation processes (AOPs); the application of ferrate (VI) for the removal of organic compounds from water and wastewater; industrial wastewater treatment technology; novel environmentally friendly coagulants; the removal of heavy metal ions; general analytical chemistry; green chemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The intensive development of the industry in recent years has resulted in an increase in the demand for raw materials necessary to produce goods for the functioning of our constantly changing modern civilization. The development of the industry is possible thanks to the use of increasingly sophisticated production technologies that ensure the optimal use of raw materials, water, electricity, and human labor. However, industrial development has also caused negative changes in the environment. For this reason, environmental issues are still an important problem that requires comprehensive analysis and solutions. Due to the need to protect the natural environment against pollution and to optimize the use of raw materials and energy, the development of modern technologies and products is carried out in accordance with the concepts of sustainable development, green chemistry, and the circular economy. It is also important to conduct  life cycle assessment (LCA) to determine the total impact of a product on the environment. In addition, waste is increasingly used as a source of new products, and the “Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle” (3R) principle is widely applied.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to present recent research on the recovery and preparation of innovative products and composite materials for environmental applications. We invite authors of research on innovative products, materials, and chemicals that currently have or may have potential environmental applications in the future. We also invite scientists dealing with the economic aspects of the evaluation of the preparation, production, and application of chemicals, materials, and products to send their manuscripts.

This Special Issue aims to present a collection of review articles and research papers on the following of topics, though the list is not fully exhaustive:

  • Technologies and processes related to the recovery of water and valuable raw materials from wastewater, sewage sludge, and production waste;
  • Innovative products and materials, including composite materials, for air, water, wastewater, and soil purification;
  • Innovative chemicals (coagulants, precipitating agents, etc.) obtained from waste raw materials for the purification of water, wastewater, leachates, etc.;
  • Green chemicals (coagulants, precipitating agents, etc.) for the purification of water, wastewater, leachates, etc.;
  • Innovative materials for land remediation, soil improvers, bio-fertilizers;
  • Biochar, natural, and modified adsorbents;
  • Adsorbents obtained from waste raw materials;
  • Composite materials for construction applications obtained from municipal and industrial waste;
  • The economic and environmental evaluation of the preparation, production, and application of chemicals, materials, and products;
  • Selected issues related to life cycle assessment (LCA), green chemistry and sustainable development.

Other important publications that may potentially make a significant contribution to the production, recycling, and application of novel materials will also be welcome.

Prof. Dr. Agnieszka Generowicz
Prof. Dr. Krzysztof Barbusiński
Dr. Maciej Thomas
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • waste
  • recovery
  • preparation
  • composites
  • innovative materials and chemicals
  • water and wastewater treatment
  • environmental applications
  • life cycle assessment
  • circular economy

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 10275 KiB  
Article
Production of Low-Cost Adsorbents within a Circular Economy Approach: Use of Spruce Sawdust Pretreated with Desalination Brine to Adsorb Methylene Blue
by Dorothea Politi, Elias Sakellis and Dimitrios Sidiras
Materials 2024, 17(17), 4317; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17174317 - 30 Aug 2024
Viewed by 722
Abstract
A sustainable low-cost activated carbon substitute was produced based on pretreated lignocellulosic biomass, especially spruce sawdust. A harmful liquid waste, desalination brine, was used for the treatment of a solid wood industry waste, spruce sawdust. This approach is in the circular economy theory [...] Read more.
A sustainable low-cost activated carbon substitute was produced based on pretreated lignocellulosic biomass, especially spruce sawdust. A harmful liquid waste, desalination brine, was used for the treatment of a solid wood industry waste, spruce sawdust. This approach is in the circular economy theory and aims at the decarbonization of the economy. Pretreated sawdust was tested as an adsorbent appropriate for the removal of a commonly used pollutant, methylene blue, from industrial wastewater. The adsorption capacity of the pretreated material was found to have increased four times compared to the untreated one in the case that the Freundlich equation was fitted to the isotherms’ data, i.e., the one with the best fit to the isotherm’s experimental data of the three isotherm models used herein. The treatment experimental conditions with desalination brine that gave maximum adsorption capacity correspond to a 1.97 combined severity factor in logarithmic form value. Moreover, a kinetic experiment was carried out with regard to the methylene blue adsorption process. The desalination brine-pretreated sawdust adsorption capacity increased approximately two times compared to the untreated one, in the case when the second-order kinetic equation was used, which had the best fit of the kinetic data of the three kinetic models used herein. In this case, the pretreatment experimental conditions that gave maximum adsorption capacity correspond to −1.049 combined severity factor in logarithmic form. Industrial scale applications can be based on the kinetic data findings, i.e., spruce sawdust optimal pretreatment conditions at 200 °C, for 25 min, with brine solution containing 98.12 g L−1 NaCl, as they are related to a much shorter adsorption period compared to the isotherm data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recovery and Preparation of Innovative Products and Composite Materials for Environmental Applications)
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22 pages, 6326 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Phenobarbital Adsorption Efficiency on Biosorbents or Activated Carbon Obtained from Adansonia Digitata Shells
by Charnella Stevine Dibandjo Ndankou, Daniela Simina Ștefan, Ndi Julius Nsami, Kouotou Daouda and Magdalena Bosomoiu
Materials 2024, 17(7), 1591; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17071591 - 30 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1178
Abstract
The removal of pharmaceutically active compounds present in relatively low concentration in wastewater is critical. This is because they have a severe, negative impact on life and the environment. To address this issue, adsorption was used, which is an effective wastewater treatment method [...] Read more.
The removal of pharmaceutically active compounds present in relatively low concentration in wastewater is critical. This is because they have a severe, negative impact on life and the environment. To address this issue, adsorption was used, which is an effective wastewater treatment method for removing substances found in low concentrations in water. This study compared the adsorption performance of active carbon to three biosorbents derived from Adansonia digitata shells. The adsorbents were prepared and characterized using TGA, SEM, EDX, and FTIR analyses and pHPZC. To better understand the adsorption process, equilibrium and reaction kinetics studies were conducted. The effect of contact time, initial phenobarbital concentration, adsorbent mass, and pH was investigated in static conditions. The adsorption results revealed that the biosorbent B3 has a higher affinity for the eliminated compound, with an equilibrium time of 60 min and an adsorption capacity of 47.08 mg/g at an initial concentration of 50 mg/L. The experimental data are consistent with Langmuir and Sips adsorption isotherm models, and with the pseudo-second order and Elovich models for kinetics description. This indicates strong interactions between the adsorbent materials and the pharmaceutical micropollutant. Based on these findings, it appears that, among the tested materials, B3 biosorbent is the most efficient for removing phenobarbital present in low concentrations in water. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recovery and Preparation of Innovative Products and Composite Materials for Environmental Applications)
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18 pages, 3261 KiB  
Article
Recovery of Cerium Salts from Sewage Sludge Resulting from the Coagulation of Brewery Wastewater with Recycled Cerium Coagulant
by Paweł Lejwoda, Barbara Białecka, Krzysztof Barbusiński and Maciej Thomas
Materials 2024, 17(4), 938; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17040938 - 17 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1129
Abstract
Due to the high cost and limited sources of cerium coagulants, it is extremely important to take measures to recycle this raw material. This paper presents the new possibility of recovering cerium(III) chloride, cerium(III) sulphate, cerium(IV) sulphate, and potentially phosphate from sewage sludge [...] Read more.
Due to the high cost and limited sources of cerium coagulants, it is extremely important to take measures to recycle this raw material. This paper presents the new possibility of recovering cerium(III) chloride, cerium(III) sulphate, cerium(IV) sulphate, and potentially phosphate from sewage sludge (101.5 g/kg Ce and 22.2 g/kg total P) through a brewery wastewater treatment process using recycled CeCl3 as a coagulant. In order to recover the Ce and P, the sludge was subjected to extraction using an HCl solution. Optimal process conditions were determined by means of central composite design and response surface methodology (CCD/RSM) for three input parameters (HCl mass, reaction time, and extractant volume). Under optimal conditions (0.35 g HCl per 1 g of sludge, 40 min reaction time, extractant volume of 25 mL per 1 g of sludge), the highest efficiency obtained was 99.6% and 97.5% for Ce and P, respectively. Cerium(III) oxalate as Ce2(C2O4)3∙10H2O was precipitated from the obtained solution using H2C2O4 (99.97%) and decomposed into CeO2 (at 350 °C), which was afterwards subjected to a reaction with HCl (30%, m/m) and H2O2 (30%, m/m), which led to the crystallisation of CeCl3∙7H2O with a purity of 98.6% and a yield of 97.0%. The obtained CeO2 was also subjected to a reaction with H2SO4 (96%, m/m) and H2O2 (30%, m/m), which produced Ce2(SO4)3 with a yield of 97.4%. The CeO2 was also subjected to a reaction with only H2SO4 (96%, m/m), which produced Ce(SO4)2 with a yield of 98.3%. The filtrate obtained after filtering the Ce2(C2O4)3∙10H2O contained 570 mg/L of P, which enabled its use as a source of phosphorus compounds. The presented processes of Ce and potentially P recovery from sewage sludge originating from brewery wastewater contribute to the idea of a circular economy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recovery and Preparation of Innovative Products and Composite Materials for Environmental Applications)
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