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Nanoscale Structure Resulting from Ultrafast Laser Interaction with Matter
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Nanoscale Structure Resulting from Ultrafast Laser Interaction with Matter

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2019) | Viewed by 22793

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Joseph Sanderson

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
Interests: ultrafast laser matter interactions; Coulomb imaging of small molecules; mass spectrometry for nano-science applications; nanoparticle generation by femtosecond laser irradiation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This special issue concentrates on the study of nanoscale structure resulting from or modified by ultrafast laser interaction with matter. Since the advent of ultrafast laser pulses, it has been clear that, the ability of an intense femtosecond laser pulse, to strip electrons directly from material, on a timescale shorter than that of vibrational motion or phonon propagation, would have a dramatic effect on matter in all phases. Although, there were indications from the earliest days of lasers, that light with typically hundreds of nanometers wavelength focused to micron sized spots, might lead to periodic structure, on nanometer scale, it would have been unthinkable that this could mature into the science of generating and controlling, highly diverse nano-scale, functionalised order, in solid, liquid or gaseous material.

Today, laser-induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS) with nanoscale or high spatial frequency LIPPS (HSFL) is an area of much interest having progressed from the discovery of the sub wavelength grooves, to the development of complex features, such as pillars, nanowires and pyramids, many with biomimetic properties, such as hydrophobicity or modified reflectivity. The phenomena and their applications result from the controllability of surface plasmon resonance at the nano-scale, with the emergence of surface enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), a crucial example.

For transparent solid material, generation of nano-structures can take place in bulk and so they represent a path to applications such as control of polarization through tailoring of birefringence.

Liquid centred research has concentrated on the study of nanoparticle (NP) generation, using femtosecond and longer pulse ablation of solid targets, modification of NPs in colloidal solution, creating composite NPs and even direct synthesis of NPs from pure solvents.

One the exciting and diverse applications of the resulting nano-materials (NMs) is, as biologically active agents with, antibacterial action, or cancer targeting properties, achieved by conjugating NPs with biomolecules. A potentially crucial application, is to energy storage and catalysis, where the highly ligand free NPs produced in laser based synthesis are an advantage.

Assoc. Prof. Joseph Sanderson
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Nano technology

  • Nano paricle

  • Surface

  • Plasmon resonance

  • Ultrafst

  • Femtosecond

  • Nanoscond

  • Ablation

  • Liquid

  • Graphene

  • Periodic surfae structures

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 2198 KiB  
Article
Single Pass Laser Process for Super-Hydrophobic Flexible Surfaces with Micro/Nano Hierarchical Structures
by Hyuk-Jun Kwon, Junyeob Yeo, Jae Eun Jang, Costas P. Grigoropoulos and Jae-Hyuck Yoo
Materials 2018, 11(7), 1226; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11071226 - 17 Jul 2018
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4730
Abstract
Wetting has been studied in various fields: chemical industry, automobile manufacturing, food companies, and even life sciences. In these studies, super-hydrophobic surfaces have been achieved through complex steps and processes. To realize super-hydrophobicity, however, we demonstrated a simple and single pass laser process [...] Read more.
Wetting has been studied in various fields: chemical industry, automobile manufacturing, food companies, and even life sciences. In these studies, super-hydrophobic surfaces have been achieved through complex steps and processes. To realize super-hydrophobicity, however, we demonstrated a simple and single pass laser process for the fabrication of micro/nano hierarchical structures on the flexible polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon) surface. The fabricated hierarchical structures helped increase the hydrophobicity by augmenting the surface roughness and promoting air-trapping. In addition, we employed a low-cost and high-throughput replication process producing numerous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) replicas from the laser-processed PTFE film. Thanks to the anti-adhesive characteristics of PTFE and the elasticity of PDMS, the structure perfectly transferred to the replica without any mechanical failure. Moreover, our designed mesh patterns offered the possibility of large area applications through varying the process parameters (pitch, beam spot size, laser fluence, and scan speed). Even though mesh patterns had relatively large pitch (190 μm), we were able to achieve high contact angle (>150°). Through pneumatically deformed structure, we clearly showed that the shape of the droplets on our laser-processed super-hydrophobic surface was spherical. Based on these outcomes, we can expect our single laser pulse exposure process can overcome many drawbacks and offer opportunities for advancing applications of the wetting phenomena. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoscale Structure Resulting from Ultrafast Laser Interaction with Matter)
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10 pages, 48169 KiB  
Article
Ridge Minimization of Ablated Morphologies on ITO Thin Films Using Squared Quasi-Flat Top Beam
by Hoon-Young Kim, Jin-Woo Jeon, Wonsuk Choi, Young-Gwan Shin, Suk-Young Ji and Sung-Hak Cho
Materials 2018, 11(4), 530; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11040530 - 30 Mar 2018
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3570
Abstract
In this study, we explore the improvements in pattern quality that was obtained with a femtosecond laser with quasi-flat top beam profiles at the ablated edge of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films for the patterning of optoelectronic devices. To ablate the ITO [...] Read more.
In this study, we explore the improvements in pattern quality that was obtained with a femtosecond laser with quasi-flat top beam profiles at the ablated edge of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films for the patterning of optoelectronic devices. To ablate the ITO thin films, a femtosecond laser is used that has a wavelength and pulse duration of 1030 nm and 190 fs, respectively. The squared quasi-flat top beam is obtained from a circular Gaussian beam using slits with varying x-y axes. Then, the patterned ITO thin films are measured using both scanning electron and atomic force microscopes. In the case of the Gaussian beam, the ridge height and width are approximately 39 nm and 1.1 μm, respectively, whereas, when the quasi-flat top beam is used, the ridge height and width are approximately 7 nm and 0.25 μm, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoscale Structure Resulting from Ultrafast Laser Interaction with Matter)
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7171 KiB  
Article
Power Spectral Density Evaluation of Laser Milled Surfaces
by Raoul-Amadeus Lorbeer, Jan Pastow, Michael Sawannia, Peter Klinkenberg, Daniel Johannes Förster and Hans-Albert Eckel
Materials 2018, 11(1), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11010050 - 29 Dec 2017
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 5522
Abstract
Ablating surfaces with a pulsed laser system in milling processes often leads to surface changes depending on the milling depth. Especially if a constant surface roughness and evenness is essential to the process, structural degradation may advance until the process fails. The process [...] Read more.
Ablating surfaces with a pulsed laser system in milling processes often leads to surface changes depending on the milling depth. Especially if a constant surface roughness and evenness is essential to the process, structural degradation may advance until the process fails. The process investigated is the generation of precise thrust by laser ablation. Here, it is essential to predict or rather control the evolution of the surfaces roughness. Laser ablative milling with a short pulse laser system in vacuum (≈1 Pa) were performed over depths of several 10 µm documenting the evolution of surface roughness and unevenness with a white light interference microscope. Power spectral density analysis of the generated surface data reveals a strong influence of the crystalline structure of the solid. Furthermore, it was possible to demonstrate that this effect could be suppressed for gold. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoscale Structure Resulting from Ultrafast Laser Interaction with Matter)
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3662 KiB  
Article
Formation and Properties of Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures on Different Glasses
by Stephan Gräf, Clemens Kunz and Frank A. Müller
Materials 2017, 10(8), 933; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10080933 - 10 Aug 2017
Cited by 66 | Viewed by 8339
Abstract
The formation and properties of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) was investigated on different technically relevant glasses including fused silica, borosilicate glass, and soda-lime-silicate glass under irradiation of fs-laser pulses characterized by a pulse duration τ = 300 fs and a laser wavelength [...] Read more.
The formation and properties of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) was investigated on different technically relevant glasses including fused silica, borosilicate glass, and soda-lime-silicate glass under irradiation of fs-laser pulses characterized by a pulse duration τ = 300 fs and a laser wavelength λ = 1025 nm. For this purpose, LIPSS were fabricated in an air environment at normal incidence with different laser peak fluence, pulse number, and repetition frequency. The generated structures were characterized by using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam preparation and Fast-Fourier transformation. The results reveal the formation of LIPSS on all investigated glasses. LIPSS formation on soda-lime-silicate glass is determined by remarkable melt-formation as an intra-pulse effect. Differences between the different glasses concerning the appearing structures, their spatial period and their morphology were discussed based on the non-linear absorption behavior and the temperature-dependent viscosity. The findings facilitate the fabrication of tailored LIPSS-based surface structures on different technically relevant glasses that could be of particular interest for various applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoscale Structure Resulting from Ultrafast Laser Interaction with Matter)
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