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Lithium-Metal Batteries: Applications, Challenges and Progress
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Lithium-Metal Batteries: Applications, Challenges and Progress

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 March 2023) | Viewed by 4043

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Zhi Chang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Interests: lithium-metal battery; electrolytes; separators; metallic anode protecting

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The ever-increasing demand for electric portable devices and electric vehicles (EVs) calls for electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices that deliver higher energy-density outputs. However, the development of high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is seriously limited by the disadvantages of currently existing electrolyte systems. Substituting the low theoretical specific capacity graphite anode in LIBs with lithium-metal, which has high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential, can effectively improve the energy density of lithium-metal batteries (LMBs). Nevertheless, the development of next-generation high-energy-density LMBs imposes higher requirements on the properties of almost every component (including cathodes, electrolytes, separators, and anodes) of LMBs. To further improve the energy density and lifespans of LMBs, further significant progress is needed in the widening and deepening of the scientific framework for lithium-metal batteries. This Special Issue invites original articles dedicated to the following topics: strategies for enhancing the structure stability of high-voltage cathodes; various efficient functional organic electrolytes which can enable suppressed battery decomposition and facilitate the formation of desirable solid electrolyte interfaces/cathode electrolyte interfaces (SEI/CEI); separators with improved physiochemical properties to reinforce the battery performances and/or safety; artificial SEI/CEI layers to suppress electrolyte decomposition; and metallic anode protecting technologies to suppress the formation of dendrites and improve the coulombic efficiency (CE) of batteries.

Dr. Zhi Chang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • lithium-metal battery
  • electrolytes
  • separators
  • high-voltage cathodes
  • artificial SEI
  • metallic an-ode-protecting

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 2738 KiB  
Article
Sustainability Analysis of Processes to Recycle Discharged Lithium-Ion Batteries, Based on the ESCAPE Approach
by Ario Fahimi, Alessandra Zanoletti, Antonella Cornelio, Elsayed Mousa, Guozhu Ye, Patrizia Frontera, Laura Eleonora Depero and Elza Bontempi
Materials 2022, 15(23), 8527; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238527 - 30 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1941
Abstract
There are several recycling methods to treat discharged lithium-ion batteries, mostly based on pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical approaches. Some of them are promising, showing high recovery efficiency (over 90%) of strategic metals such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel. However, technological efficiency must also consider [...] Read more.
There are several recycling methods to treat discharged lithium-ion batteries, mostly based on pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical approaches. Some of them are promising, showing high recovery efficiency (over 90%) of strategic metals such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel. However, technological efficiency must also consider the processes sustainability in terms of environmental impact. In this study, some recycling processes of spent lithium-ion batteries were considered, and their sustainability was evaluated based on the ESCAPE “Evaluation of Sustainability of material substitution using CArbon footPrint by a simplifiEd approach” approach, which is a screening tool preliminary to the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The work specifically focuses on cobalt recovery comparing the sustainability of using inorganic or organic acid for the leaching of waste derived from lithium-ion batteries. Based on the possibility to compare different processes, for the first time, some considerations about technologies optimization have been done, allowing proposing strategies able to save chemicals. In addition, the energy mix of each country, to generate electricity has been considered, showing its influence on the sustainability evaluation. This allows distinguishing the countries using more low-carbon sources (nuclear and renewables) for a share of the electricity mix, where the recycling processes result more sustainable. Finally, this outcome is reflected by another indicator, the eco-cost from the virtual pollution model 99′ proposed by Vogtländer, which integrates the monetary estimation of carbon footprint. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium-Metal Batteries: Applications, Challenges and Progress)
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13 pages, 2927 KiB  
Article
Reduced Graphene Oxide-Coated Separator to Activate Dead Potassium for Efficient Potassium Batteries
by Liping Si, Jianyi Wang and Xijun Xu
Materials 2022, 15(16), 5505; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15165505 - 10 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1629
Abstract
Potassium (K) metal batteries (KMBs) have the advantages of relatively low electric potential (−2.93 V), high specific capacity (687 mAh g−1), and low cost, which are highly appealing to manufacturers of portable electric products and vehicles. However, the large amounts of [...] Read more.
Potassium (K) metal batteries (KMBs) have the advantages of relatively low electric potential (−2.93 V), high specific capacity (687 mAh g−1), and low cost, which are highly appealing to manufacturers of portable electric products and vehicles. However, the large amounts of “dead K” caused by K dendrite growth and volumetric expansion can cause severe K metal anode deactivation. Here, a thin layer of conductive reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was coated on a GF separator (rGO@GF) to activate the generated dead K. Compared with the batteries adopting an original separator, those adopting a modified separator have significantly improved specific capacity and cycling stability. The life of full-cell of KMBs combining an rGO@GF separator with synthesized K0.51V2O5 is expected to exceed 400 cycles, with an initial capacity of 92 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and an attenuation rate per cycle as low as 0.03%. Our work demonstrates that a composite separator of high conductivity is beneficial for high performance KMBs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium-Metal Batteries: Applications, Challenges and Progress)
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