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Advanced New Materials and Equipments for Root Canal Treatment

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Prof. Dr. Won-Jun Shon

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Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Conservative Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
Interests: dentin–pump complex; root canal cleaning; bioceramic; apical periodontitis

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Dear Colleagues,

Dental cavities are one of the most prevalent sources of infection in the human body. If left untreated, this disease process can progress through the tooth into the surrounding bone, resulting in apical periodontitis. There are several studies that show the link between apical periodontitis and systemic disease. The treatment for apical periodontitis is root canal treatment, which involves three components: cleaning, shaping, and obturation of the infected space inside the tooth. There have been many innovations over the past decade such as activated irrigation using lasers or Gentlewave, heat treated nickel–titanium shaping files, and bioceramic obturation materials. These innovations will lead to even further improvements of the highly successful root canal treatment procedure. We would like to discuss the advanced new materials and equipment for root canal treatment. It is my pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript for this Special Issue. This Special Issue will introduce new concepts in root canal treatment, including root canal irrigation and root canal obturation. Newly developed materials or instruments are welcomed in this Special Issue. Full papers, communications, and reviews are all welcome.

Prof. Dr. Won-Jun Shon
Guest Editor

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Keywords

Apical periodontitis
Root canal treatment
Root canal irrigation
Bioceramic
Root canal obturation

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Research

10 pages, 4833 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characterization, Antimicrobial Effects, and Cytocompatibility of a Root Canal Sealer Produced by Pozzolan Reaction between Calcium Hydroxide and Silica

by Mi-Ah Kim, Vinicius Rosa, Prasanna Neelakantan, Yun-Chan Hwang and Kyung-San Min

Materials 2021, 14(11), 2863; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14112863 - 27 May 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3056

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate a newly developed pozzolan-based bioceramic sealer (PZBS) regarding setting time, radiopacity, antibacterial effect, and cytocompatibility. The PZBS was manufactured by mixing calcium hydroxide and silica. The pozzolan reaction was verified by identification of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) using X-ray diffraction analysis. The initial setting time and radiopacity were measured using the ISO 6876/2012 protocol in comparison with other commercially available calcium silicate (CS) sealers. The antibacterial effect of PZBS on biofilms cultured in the bovine root canal was evaluated by measurement of colony-forming units and volume of biofilms in comparison with other calcium hydroxide pastes. The morphological features of the biofilms were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cytocompatibility of PZBS was assessed by the viability of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells and scratch wound healing rate in comparison with other CS sealers. The morphology of the cells cultured on the tested sealers was observed by SEM. The detection of the CS peak confirmed the formation of C-S-H. The initial setting time of PZBS was around 11 h, which was twice as long as the other tested sealers. The radiopacity of PZBS was 4.3 mm/Al, which satisfied the ISO criteria. The antibacterial effect and cytocompatibility of PZBS were comparable to those of the commercially available intracanal medicaments and CS endodontic sealers, respectively. The PZBS has the potential to be used for root canal obturation, and is expected to exert a favorable antibacterial effect. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced New Materials and Equipments for Root Canal Treatment)

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10 pages, 1874 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Main and Accessory Canal Filling Quality of a Premixed Calcium Silicate Endodontic Sealer According to Different Obturation Techniques

by Su-Yeon Ko, Hae Won Choi, E-Deun Jeong, Vinicius Rosa, Yun-Chan Hwang, Mi-Kyung Yu and Kyung-San Min

Materials 2020, 13(19), 4389; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13194389 - 1 Oct 2020

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2708

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different obturation techniques on the main and accessory canal filling quality of a premixed calcium silicate endodontic sealer (Endoseal TCS). We also highlighted the validity of the methods used for evaluating the canal filling quality. Thirty single-rooted premolars were used for the main canal filling and 75 were used for accessory canal filling. The canals were instrumented and randomly divided into three groups according to the filling techniques: (1) single-cone technique (SC), (2) single-cone with ultrasonic activation (SU), and (3) warm vertical compaction (WV). Voids in relation to the root canal fillings were assessed using cross-section images from microcomputed tomography (μCT) scans or transversely sectioned tooth specimens (n = 10). After demineralization and clearing of the teeth, the incidence, number, and completeness of the accessory canal fillings were evaluated (n = 25). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc test was used for the evaluation of the voids in the main root canal and the incidence and number of filled accessory canals. Pearson’s chi-squared (χ²) test was used for the evaluation of the filling completeness (α = 0.05). In the stereomicroscopic evaluation of the sectioned specimen, the SC group had significantly higher void occurrence than the other groups (p < 0.05), although there was no difference between groups in the μCT evaluation. However, there was no difference between the SU and WV. There was no difference between all the groups regarding the incidence, number, and completeness of the accessory canal fillings. When the premixed calcium silicate sealer is used with SC, the ultrasonic activation is recommended to obtain a better main canal filling quality. In contrast, the obturation techniques did not affect the accessory canal filling. We also recommend using the sectioning method when the void formation in the root canal filling materials is evaluated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced New Materials and Equipments for Root Canal Treatment)

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