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Newer Paradigms in Advanced Materials Characterisation

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Materials Characterization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2023) | Viewed by 6587

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Saurav Goel

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Guest Editor

School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, UK
Interests: precision engineering; thermal spray coating; molecular dynamics; nanomaterials; nature-inspired materials and surfaces; functional application
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Nirmal Kumar

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Guest Editor

School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, UK
Interests: nanomaterials; nanocrystalline high entropy alloy; functional applications, e.g., catalytic and sensing; nature-inspired materials

Dr. Vish Venkatachalapathy

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Guest Editor

School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, UK
Interests: productive manufacturing; materials and processes engineering; direct material productivity; process automation; AI and ML with robots; surface engineering; university industry consultations

Dr. Kirthika Subramanian Kala

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, UK
Interests: waste materials; cement; concrete; aggregates; sustainability; lifecycle analysis; antimicrobial materials; nanomaterials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Techniques to evaluate properties of newly emerging materials are constrained by various simulation and experimental barriers. There is a compelling need to establish appropriate methods to assess and predict properties/nature of materials upfront, and an even more challenging requirement is to be able to perform “in situ” measurements. Theoretical simulations can be good tools to complement experiments for property evaluation. If such simulations corroborate experiments, then full insights into the system can be obtained. For example, discriminating crystalline and amorphous structures in the atomic simulation and predicting properties of materials under corrosion and heated conditions continue to pose challenges. The world is transitioning from the analogue to digital age, and the use of artificial intelligence in materials characterisation, metrology, and property measurements is providing new horizons. This raises a key question: Can the use of AI fully replace traditional materials characterisation? Additionally, can we use AI for random or batch testing instead of testing a single specimen?

In pursuit of answering these questions, we are pleased to introduce this Special Issue to highlight the new paradigms in materials characterisation to shed light on new simulation and experimental techniques concerning materials characterisation. This Special Issue will cover newly emerging advanced material characterisation techniques that can boost the study of new manufacturing processes.

Prof. Dr. Saurav Goel
Dr. Nirmal Kumar
Dr. Vish Venkatachalapathy
Dr. Kirthika Subramanian Kala
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

numerical modelling
simulations
molecular dynamics
atomistic modelling
prediction modelling
finite element analysis
XCT
SEM
XRD
XPS
TEM

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3861 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Tungsten and Copper (II) Oxide Mixtures as Gasless Time Delay Compositions for Mining Detonators

by Marcin Gerlich, Marcin Hara and Waldemar A. Trzciński

Materials 2023, 16(10), 3797; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16103797 - 17 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1109

Abstract

The widespread use of pyrotechnic compositions in time delay detonators is the reason for research aimed at expanding knowledge of the combustion properties of new pyrotechnic mixtures, whose components react with each other in the solid or liquid state. Such a method of combustion would make the rate of combustion independent of the pressure inside the detonator. This paper presents the effect of the parameters of W/CuO mixtures on their properties of combustion. As this composition has not been the subject of previous research and is not described in the literature, the basic parameters, such as the burning rate and the heat of combustion, were determined. In order to determine the reaction mechanism, a thermal analysis was performed, and the combustion products were determined using the XRD technique. Depending on the quantitative composition and density of the mixture, the burning rates were between 4.1–6.0 mm/s and the heat of combustion in the range of 475–835 J/g was measured. The gas-free combustion mode of the chosen mixture was proved using DTA and XRD. Determination of the qualitative composition of the combustion products and the heat of combustion allowed estimation of the adiabatic combustion temperature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Newer Paradigms in Advanced Materials Characterisation)

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14 pages, 6521 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

The Impact of Excitation Periods on the Outcome of Lock-In Thermography

by Milan Sapieta, Vladimír Dekýš, Peter Kopas, Lenka Jakubovičová and Zdenko Šavrnoch

Materials 2023, 16(7), 2763; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16072763 - 30 Mar 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1033

Abstract

Thermal imaging is a non-destructive test method that uses an external energy source, such as a halogen lamp or flash lamp, to excite the material under test and measure the resulting temperature distribution. One of the important parameters of lock-in thermography is the number of excitation periods, which is used to calculate a phase image that shows defects or inhomogeneities in the material. The results for multiple periods can be averaged, which leads to noise suppression, but the use of a larger number of periods may cause an increase in noise due to unsynchronization of the camera and the external excitation source or may lead to heating and subsequent damage to the sample. The phase image is the most common way of representing the results of lock-in thermography, but amplitude images and complex images can also be obtained. In this study, eight measurements were performed on different samples using a thermal pulse source (flash lamp and halogen lamp) with a period of 120 s. For each sample, five phase images were calculated using different number of periods, preferably one to five periods. The phase image calculated from one period was used as a reference. To determine the effect of the number of excitation periods on the phase image, the reference phase image for one period was compared with the phase images calculated using multiple periods using the structural similarity index (SSIM) and multi-scale SSIM (MS-SSIM). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Newer Paradigms in Advanced Materials Characterisation)

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10 pages, 2230 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Charge Distribution, Seebeck Coefficient, and Carrier Concentration of CuCr_0.99Ln_0.01S₂ (Ln = Dy–Lu)

by Evgeniy V. Korotaev, Mikhail M. Syrokvashin, Irina Yu. Filatova, Aleksandr V. Sotnikov and Alexandr V. Kalinkin

Materials 2023, 16(6), 2431; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16062431 - 18 Mar 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1101

Abstract

The atom oxidation states were determined using the binding energies of the core S2p-, Cu2p-, Cr2p-, and Ln3d-levels in CuCr_0.99Ln_0.01S₂ (Ln = Dy–Lu) solid solutions. The charge distribution on the matrix elements (Cu, Cr, and S) remained unaffected after cationic substitution. The sulfur atoms were found to be in the S²⁻ oxidation state, the copper–Cu⁺, and the chromium–Cr³⁺. The cationic substitution of the initial CuCrS₂-matrix occurred via the isovalent mechanism. The obtained results were compared with the electrophysical properties for CuCr_0.99Ln_0.01S₂. The measured carrier concentration was from 10¹⁷ to 10¹⁸ cm⁻³. The largest Seebeck coefficient value of 157 µV/K was measured for CuCr_0.99Yb_0.01S₂ at 500 K. The cationic substitution with lanthanides allowed one to enhance the Seebeck coefficient of the initial CuCrS₂-matrix. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Newer Paradigms in Advanced Materials Characterisation)

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14 pages, 8268 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preparation and Hydrophobicity of Bionic Structures Based on Composite Infiltration Model

by Zhihong Jiang, Minghui Shen, Jiangtao Che and Hui Li

Materials 2022, 15(12), 4202; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15124202 - 13 Jun 2022

Viewed by 1201

Abstract

The wettability, surface energy, structure, and morphology of a material’s surface will affect the interaction process between the material and the organism. Moreover, these factors are not independent of each other, but will affect each other, which together determine the biological surface of the material. Although two classic theories of surface wettability control have been established, including the Wenzel model and the Cassie–Baxter model, the mechanism of the microstructure parameters on the surface wettability has not been considered. This paper established a two-dimensional mathematical model of the composite wetting pattern based on microstructure parameters, revealed the mechanism of the microstructure parameters on the surface wettability, and then used ultra-precision cutting and molding composite preparation methods to quickly and efficiently prepare bionic structures, and the hydrophobic character of the microstructure was characterized by the contact angle meter, which provides theoretical support and preparation technology for the modification of the hydrophobic character of the material. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Newer Paradigms in Advanced Materials Characterisation)

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Review

Jump to: Research

29 pages, 7389 KiB

Open AccessReview

Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Biomaterials

by Paulina Kret, Anna Bodzon-Kulakowska, Anna Drabik, Joanna Ner-Kluza, Piotr Suder and Marek Smoluch

Materials 2023, 16(18), 6343; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16186343 - 21 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1187

Abstract

The science related to biomaterials and tissue engineering accounts for a growing part of our knowledge. Surface modifications of biomaterials, their performance in vitro, and the interaction between them and surrounding tissues are gaining more and more attention. It is because we are interested in finding sophisticated materials that help us to treat or mitigate different disorders. Therefore, efficient methods for surface analysis are needed. Several methods are routinely applied to characterize the physical and chemical properties of the biomaterial surface. Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MSI) techniques are able to measure the information about molecular composition simultaneously from biomaterial and adjacent tissue. That is why it can answer the questions connected with biomaterial characteristics and their biological influence. Moreover, this kind of analysis does not demand any antibodies or dyes that may influence the studied items. It means that we can correlate surface chemistry with a biological response without any modification that could distort the image. In our review, we presented examples of biomaterials analyzed by MSI techniques to indicate the utility of SIMS, MALDI, and DESI—three major ones in the field of biomaterials applications. Examples include biomaterials used to treat vascular system diseases, bone implants with the effects of implanted material on adjacent tissues, nanofibers and membranes monitored by mass spectrometry-related techniques, analyses of drug-eluting long-acting parenteral (LAPs) implants and microspheres where MSI serves as a quality control system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Newer Paradigms in Advanced Materials Characterisation)

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