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Metal and Intermetallic Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage
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Metal and Intermetallic Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2022) | Viewed by 8487

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Eli Grigorova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
Interests: gas–solid reaction; hydrogen storage; metal hydrides; magnesium composites and alloys

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In view of the depletion of fossil fuels, their increasing prices, and also ecological reasons, there is growing interest in renewable energy sources. Due to its high energy density, possibility of production from various renewable sources, and low environmental impact, hydrogen is considered a promising energy carrier. However, one of the key factors for the use of hydrogen as a clean energy source remains the development of safe and efficient materials for its storage. When hydrogen is accumulated in the form of metal hydrides, it is safer and the volume of tanks is smaller. The storage of hydrogen under pressure and as a liquid is energy-consuming and associated with safety problems, and the tanks used are very large and heavy. The main important characteristics of hydrogen storage materials are: the conditions for reversible hydrogen storage (temperature and pressure), high hydrogen absorption capacity, fast processes of hydriding/dehydriding from these systems, and retaining high capacity and good kinetics with cycling. Many metals and intermetallics can absorb hydrogen in a reversible way. They can be grouped as follows (for each group, the most typical representative example is given): AB5 (LaNi5), AB (FeTi), AB2 (ZrCr2), A2B (Mg2Ni), and metals such as Mg.

The main drawbacks of these materials for hydrogen storage are the necessity of activation for a long time to achieve high absorption capacity for some of them, the elevated temperatures of hydriding and especially dehydriding, and the slow kinetics. Sometimes, a compromise should be made because some of these materials absorb hydrogen at room temperature but with low capacity. To overcome these materials’ drawbacks, several approaches can be applied such as size restriction, most often by ball milling combined with certain additives (catalysts), and also researching and synthesizing new intermetallics.

In this Special Issue, novel optimized synthesis methods, additives, and metal and intermetallic hydrides will be discussed in view of their hydrogen storage applications.

Prof. Dr. Eli Grigorova
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gas–solid reaction
  • metal hydrides for hydrogen storage—preparation and characterization
  • hydrogen storage properties of intermetallic hydrides
  • application of intermetallic hydrides as anodes in Ni-MH batteries

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3518 KiB  
Article
Theoretical and Experimental Research of Hydrogen Solid Solution in Mg and Mg-Al System
by Jinzhe Lyu, Roman R. Elman, Leonid A. Svyatkin and Viktor N. Kudiiarov
Materials 2022, 15(5), 1667; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15051667 - 23 Feb 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1705
Abstract
The study of hydrogen storage properties of Mg-based thin films is of interest due to their unique composition, interface, crystallinity, and high potential for use in hydrogen-storage systems. Alloying Mg with Al leads to the destabilization of the magnesium hydride reducing the heat [...] Read more.
The study of hydrogen storage properties of Mg-based thin films is of interest due to their unique composition, interface, crystallinity, and high potential for use in hydrogen-storage systems. Alloying Mg with Al leads to the destabilization of the magnesium hydride reducing the heat of reaction, increases the nucleation rate, and decreases the dehydriding temperature. The purpose of our study is to reveal the role of the aluminum atom addition in hydrogen adsorption and accumulation in the Mg-H solid solution. Ab initio calculations of aluminum and hydrogen binding energies in magnesium were carried out in the framework of density functional theory. Hydrogen distribution and accumulation in Mg and Mg-10%Al thin films were experimentally studied by the method of glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy and using a hydrogen analyzer, respectively. It was found that a hydrogen distribution gradient is observed in the Mg-10%Al coating, with more hydrogen on the surface and less in the bulk. Moreover, the hydrogen concentration in the Mg-10%Al is lower compared to Mg. This can be explained by the lower hydrogen binding energy in the magnesium-aluminum system compared with pure magnesium. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal and Intermetallic Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage)
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8 pages, 2334 KiB  
Article
Facilitated Synthesis of Mg2Ni Based Composites with Attractive Hydrogen Sorption Properties
by Eli Grigorova, Petar Tzvetkov, Stanislava Todorova, Pavel Markov and Tony Spassov
Materials 2021, 14(8), 1936; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14081936 - 13 Apr 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2150
Abstract
Composites based on Mg2Ni with 5% activated carbon from apricot stones (ACAP) have been prepared by ball milling and subsequent annealing in hydrogen atmosphere. The purpose of the primary metal (Mg, Ni, and V) milling was to reduce the particle size [...] Read more.
Composites based on Mg2Ni with 5% activated carbon from apricot stones (ACAP) have been prepared by ball milling and subsequent annealing in hydrogen atmosphere. The purpose of the primary metal (Mg, Ni, and V) milling was to reduce the particle size and achieve a good contact between them, without forming intermetallic compounds. During hydriding/dehydriding at 300 °C the amount of the Mg2Ni phase progressively increased, and after 10 cycles about 50% Mg2(Ni,V) was achieved. The hydrogenation produced mainly Mg2NiH4, but small amounts of MgH2 and VHx were also detected in the powder mixture. Relatively high hydrogen storage capacity and fast hydriding/dehydriding kinetics of the Mg2.1Ni0.7V0.3—5 wt.% ACAP composite were determined both from hydrogen gas phase and electrochemically. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal and Intermetallic Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage)
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8 pages, 2664 KiB  
Article
Improved Hydrogenation Kinetics of TiMn1.52 Alloy Coated with Palladium through Electroless Deposition
by Thabang R. Somo, Moegamat W. Davids, Mykhaylo V. Lototskyy, Mpitloane J. Hato and Kwena D. Modibane
Materials 2021, 14(8), 1833; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14081833 - 7 Apr 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1645
Abstract
The deterioration of hydrogen charging performances resulting from the surface chemical action of electrophilic gases such as CO2 is one of the prevailing drawbacks of TiMn1.52 materials. In this study, we report the effect of autocatalytic Pd deposition on the morphology, [...] Read more.
The deterioration of hydrogen charging performances resulting from the surface chemical action of electrophilic gases such as CO2 is one of the prevailing drawbacks of TiMn1.52 materials. In this study, we report the effect of autocatalytic Pd deposition on the morphology, structure, and hydrogenation kinetics of TiMn1.52 alloy. Both the uncoated and Pd-coated materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD analyses indicated that TiMn1.52 alloy contains C14-type Laves phase without any second phase, while the SEM images, together with a particle size distribution histogram, showed a smooth non-porous surface with irregular-shaped particles ranging in size from 1 to 8 µm. The XRD pattern of Pd-coated alloy revealed that C14-type Laves phase was still maintained upon Pd deposition. This was further supported by calculated crystallite size of 29 nm for both materials. Furthermore, a Sieverts-type apparatus was used to study the kinetics of the alloys after pre-exposure to air and upon vacuum heating at 300 °C. The Pd-coated AB2 alloy exhibited good coating quality as confirmed by EDS with enhanced hydrogen absorption kinetics, even without activation. This is attributed to improved surface tolerance and a hydrogen spillover mechanism, facilitated by Pd nanoparticles. Vacuum heating at 300 °C resulted in removal of surface barriers and showed improved hydrogen absorption performances for both coated and uncoated alloys. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal and Intermetallic Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage)
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9 pages, 1587 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Hydrogen-Induced Amorphization and Hydrogen Storage Reversibility of Y(Sc)0.95Ni2 Laves Phase Compounds
by Shiqian Zhao, Hui Wang and Jiangwen Liu
Materials 2021, 14(2), 276; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14020276 - 7 Jan 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 1839
Abstract
Rare-earth-based AB2-type compounds with Laves phase structure are readily subject to hydrogen-induced amorphization and disproportionation upon hydrogenation. In this work, we conducted the Sc alloying on Y0.95Ni2 to improve its hydrogen storage properties. The results show that the [...] Read more.
Rare-earth-based AB2-type compounds with Laves phase structure are readily subject to hydrogen-induced amorphization and disproportionation upon hydrogenation. In this work, we conducted the Sc alloying on Y0.95Ni2 to improve its hydrogen storage properties. The results show that the amorphization degree of Y0.95Ni2 deepens with the increasing hydrogenation time, pressure, and temperature. The Y(Sc)0.95Ni2 ternary compounds show a significant improvement in reversibility and dehydriding thermodynamics due to the reduced atomic radius ratio RA/RB and cell volume. Hydrogen-induced amorphization is fully eliminated in the Y0.25Sc0.7Ni2. The Y0.25Sc0.7Ni2 delivers a reversible hydrogen storage capacity of 0.94 wt.% and the dissociation pressure of 0.095 MPa at the minimum dehydrogenation temperature of 100 °C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal and Intermetallic Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage)
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