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Simulation and Analysis of Materials Failure Under Loading

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Simulation and Design".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2020) | Viewed by 25249

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Prof. Vieroslav Molnár

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Department of Computer Aided Manufacturing Technologies, Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies with a seat in Prešov, Technical University of Košice, Bayerova 1, 080 01 Prešov, Slovak Republic
Interests: logistics; production technologies and technical preparation of production; designing, analyzing, and simulating various components of technical equipment
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Prof. Dr. Gabriel Fedorko

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Institute of logistics and transport Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies of the Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
Interests: logistics; computer simulation; FEM; mechanical; production technologies; virtual reality; exponential technologies
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Dear Colleagues,

It is commonly known that manufacturers strive to use construction materials with the optimal employment of their cross sections. In the cross sections, critical strain and deformations occur under loading. Any failures in material and its inner structure result in damage, improper functioning or even destruction of construction itself. Practical verification of construction design under load is commonly time- and money-consuming. One of the methods offering solution to this is the simulation which uses numerical methods to obtain approximate or accurate solutions. There are several methodologies now to achieve this, easy to implement and adopt while also being accurate. Extensive employment of powerful computers resulting in subsequent improvement of computational sources offers a tool to develop numerical methods that are able to simulate and analyze complex construction systems featuring specific mechanical configurations.

It is my pleasure to invite you to publish your existing research works in the Special Issue, ‘Simulation and Analysis of Materials Failure Under Loading’, of Materials as a full paper, short communication, or review.

The authors are advised to submit innovative applications of research solutions. Material failures under loading, analyzed in the research, need to be well depicted from a mechanical point of view, and a particular emphasis needs to be given to their occurrence under loading.

Potential topics include but are not limited to:

Simulation and numerical analysis of construction systems with the use of FEM;
Simulation and analysis of materials failure bearings, slabs and shells;
Simulation and analysis of composite materials failure;
Accurate and convergent analysis of FEM based methods;
Elasticity in simulation and analysis of materials failure under loading;
Linear and nonlinear behavior of structures under loading;
Validation of experimental processes for materials under loading;
Application of new materials and their simulation and numerical analysis in a technical practice.

Prof. Vieroslav Molnár
Prof. Gabriel Fedorko
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Materials failure
Loading of material
Simulation of materials failure
Analysis of materials failure
New experimental methods

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 5095 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Crack Tip Constraint on the Fracture Toughness Assessment of 9% Ni Steel for Cryogenic Application in Liquefied Natural Gas Storage Tanks

by Young Kyun Kim, Byung Taek Oh and Jae Hoon Kim

Materials 2020, 13(22), 5250; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13225250 - 20 Nov 2020

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1748

Abstract

Recently, increasing demand for the accurate assessment of the structural integrity and fitness-for-service (FFS) analysis of engineering structures has elevated constraint effects to one of the most important issues in fracture mechanics and structural integrity research. In this paper, the effect of crack tip constraints are investigated on the fracture toughness assessment of 9% Ni steel for application in liquefied natural gas storage tanks. Crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) tests were conducted using both conventional standard three-point bending (3PB) and wide plate (WP) specimens at a cryogenic temperature of −196 °C. The distribution of the stress and strain fields near the crack tip in the 3PB and WP specimens were then obtained by FE (Finite Elements) analysis. Based on both the experimental and numerical results, the parameters of the Weibull distribution were obtained to evaluate the critical Weibull stress at brittle fracture. The equivalent CTOD ratio β is defined as the ratio of the CTOD of the 3PB specimen to the CTOD of the WP specimen at the same Weibull stress. The application of the proposed CTOD toughness correction method to the WP results was then demonstrated in the context of a failure assessment diagram (FAD). It was determined that the conventional evaluation yields an excessively conservative result for WP specimens, but can be reasonably reduced by applying β. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Simulation and Analysis of Materials Failure Under Loading)

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19 pages, 42295 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Progressive Failure Characteristics of Brittle Rock under High-Strain-Rate Compression Using the Bonded Particle Model

by Xiaolin Huang, Shengwen Qi, Bowen Zheng, Songfeng Guo, Ning Liang and Zhifa Zhan

Materials 2020, 13(18), 3943; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13183943 - 6 Sep 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2064

Abstract

This paper microscopically investigated progressive failure characteristics of brittle rock under high-strain-rate compression using the bonded particle model (BPM). We considered the intact sample and the flawed sample loaded by split Hopkinson pressure bar respectively. Results showed that the progressive failure characteristics of the brittle rock highly depended on the strain rate. The intact sample first experienced in microcracking, then crack coalescing, and finally splitting into fragments. The total number of the micro cracks, the proportion of the shear cracks, the number of fragments and the strain at the peak stress all increased with the increasing strain rate. Also, a transition existed for the failure of the brittle rock from brittleness to ductility as the strain rate increased. For the flawed sample, the microcracking initiation position and the types of the formed macro cracks were influenced by the flaw angle in the initial stage. However, propagation of these early-formed macro cracks were prohibited in the later stages. New micro cracks were produced and then coalesced into diagonal macro cracks which could all form ‘X’-shape failure configuration regardless of the incline angle of the flaw. We explored micromechanics on progressive failure characteristics of the brittle rock under dynamic loads. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Simulation and Analysis of Materials Failure Under Loading)

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17 pages, 5805 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Damage and Permeability Evolution for Mudstone Material under Coupled Stress-Seepage

by Bin Liu, Jinlan Li, Quansheng Liu and Xuewei Liu

Materials 2020, 13(17), 3755; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13173755 - 25 Aug 2020

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2132

Abstract

Mudstone material in a deep roadway is under the coupled stress-seepage condition. To investigate the permeability change and damage development during rock excavation in roadways, a stress-seepage damage coupling model has been proposed. In this model, damage capacity expansion of mudstone material is considered as the initiation and propagation of micro-cracks and the fracture penetration. A damage variable is introduced into the proposed model based on the principle of minimum energy consumption. As a result, an elastoplastic damage constitutive equation is established. Then, the permeability evolution equation describing the micro-macro hydraulic behavior of mudstone is deduced via percolation theory, which can describe the characteristics of sudden permeability change after rock capacity expansion. Furthermore, a finite element model is established based on commercial finite element software-ABAQUS. The numerical model was firstly verified by comparison between experimental and simulation results. On the basis of it, numerical investigation of the temporal and spatial evolution law of pore pressure, damage and permeability coefficient during roadway excavation is undertaken. The numerical results indicate that with increase of construction time, pore pressure first increases and then decreases, while the damage zone and permeability coefficient increase gradually and finally nearly keep constant. The proposed coupling model and finite element method can describe damage and permeability evolution for mudstone material under coupled stress-seepage well. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Simulation and Analysis of Materials Failure Under Loading)

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21 pages, 6961 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Investigations Regarding the Structural Damage Monitoring of Strands Wire Rope within Mechanical Systems

by Carmen Debeleac, Silviu Nastac and Gina Diana Musca (Anghelache)

Materials 2020, 13(15), 3439; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13153439 - 4 Aug 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2227

Abstract

This paper deals with the area of structural damage monitoring of steel strands wire ropes embedded into various equipment and mechanical systems. Of the currently available techniques and methods for wire ropes health monitoring, the authors focused on the group of techniques based on operational dynamics investigation of such systems. Beyond the capability and efficiency of both occasionally and continuously monitoring application, the dynamics-based methods are able to provide additional information regarding the structural integrity and functional operability of the entire ensemble embedding the wire ropes. This paper presents the results gained by the authors using a laboratory setup that can simulate the operational condition usually used for regular applications of wire ropes. The investigations were conducted on three directions of acquired signals post-processing. Firstly, the classical fast Fourier transform was used to evaluate the potential changes within the spectral distribution of transitory response. The other two directions involved high-order spectral analyses in terms of bi-spectrum and Wigner–Ville distribution and multi-scale analysis based methods such as complex wavelet cross-correlation and complex wavelet coherency. The results indicate that each direction of analysis can provide suitable information regarding potential wire rope damage, but the ensemble of post-processing methods offers supplementary precision. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Simulation and Analysis of Materials Failure Under Loading)

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16 pages, 34933 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation of Parameters Affecting the Equivalent Yield Curvature of Reinforced Concrete Columns

by Umut Hasgul

Materials 2020, 13(7), 1594; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13071594 - 31 Mar 2020

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2541

Abstract

In this study, the response quantities affecting the equivalent yield curvature, which is important in the deformation-based seismic design and assessment of structural systems, are investigated for reinforced concrete columns with a square cross-section. In this context, the equivalent yield curvatures were determined by conducting moment–curvature analyses on various column models, in which the axial load level, cross-section dimension, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and concrete compression strength were changed parametrically, and the independent and/or combined effects of the relevant parameters were discussed. Depending on the axial load levels of P/A_gf_c′ < 0.3, P/A_gf_c′ = 0.3, and P/A_gf_c′ > 0.3 for the considered columns, the yielding of reinforcement, yielding of reinforcement and/or concrete crushing, and concrete crushing governed the yield conditions, respectively. It can be noted that the cross-section dimension and axial load level became the primary parameters. Even though the independent effects with regard to particular parameters remained at minimal levels, the combined effects of them with the axial load became important in terms of the equivalent yield curvature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Simulation and Analysis of Materials Failure Under Loading)

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12 pages, 3732 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mechanical Evaluation of Titanium Plates for Osteoesynthesis High Neck Condylar Fracture of Mandible

by Rafał Zieliński, Marcin Kozakiewicz, Bartłomiej Konieczny, Michał Krasowski and Jakub Okulski

Materials 2020, 13(3), 592; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030592 - 27 Jan 2020

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2889

Abstract

Background: In the literature no information about plates for the high-neck mandibular condylar osteosynthesis could be found despite that 30 plate designs have been published. The main course consider the basal condylar or diacapitular fractures. The aim of the study was to test mechanically all available designs (only 4 of 30 was proper) on polyurethane mandibles using an individually designed clamping system. Methods: Forces required for a 1 mm displacement of fixed fracture fragments and incidents of screw loosening were recorded. Results: It has occured that dedicated plates for fixation are much weaker than set of two straight plates (p < 0.0001). General observation is the bigger plate and more screws, the better rigid stable osteosynthesis of mandibular condyle, however, there are limitations in plates design for high-neck fractures resulted in restricted operation field. Conclusion: Double straight plates occured to be the best mechanical fixation for high-neck fractures of the mandibular condyle. Maybe other existing plates could be used but only after prebending or that fracture required novel dedicated plates design. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Simulation and Analysis of Materials Failure Under Loading)

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16 pages, 2886 KiB

Open AccessArticle

FE Analysis of Critical Testing Parameters in Kolsky Bar Experiments for Elastomers at High Strain Rate

by Muhammad Salman Chaudhry and Aleksander Czekanski

Materials 2019, 12(23), 3817; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12233817 - 20 Nov 2019

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2644

Abstract

The main aim of this research is to present complete methodological guidelines for dynamic characterization of elastomers when subjected to strain rates of 100/s–10,000/s. We consider the following three aspects: (i) the design of high strain rate testing apparatus, (ii) finite element analysis for the optimization of the experimental setup, and (iii) experimental parameters and validation for the response of an elastomeric specimen. To test low impedance soft materials, design of a modified Kolsky bar is discussed. Based on this design, the testing apparatus was constructed, validated, and optimized numerically using finite element methods. Furthermore, investigations on traditional pulse shaping techniques and a new design for pulse shaper are described. The effect of specimen geometry on the homogeneous deformation has been thoroughly accounted for. Using the optimized specimen geometry and pulse shaping technique, nitrile butadiene rubber was tested at different strain rates, and the experimental findings were compared to numerical predictions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Simulation and Analysis of Materials Failure Under Loading)

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16 pages, 6961 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental and Finite Element Research on the Failure Mechanism of C/C Composite Joint Structures under Out-of-Plane Loading

by Yanfeng Zhang, Zhengong Zhou and Zhiyong Tan

Materials 2019, 12(18), 2922; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12182922 - 10 Sep 2019

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2421

Abstract

The loading and the failure mode of metal hexagon bolt joints and metal counter-sunk bolt joints of C/C composites were investigated. The joints were tested for out-of-plane loading at two temperatures (600 °C and 800 °C). The failure morphology of a lap plate was investigated, and the main failure modes were determined. The typical load–displacement curve was characterized and the test was simulated using ABAQUS non-linear finite element software. Furthermore, progressive damage was induced, and comparison of the finite element simulation with the experimental data revealed that the failures mainly occurred in the lower lap plate and were dominated by cracking and delamination of the matrix, accompanied by the pull-out of a small number of piercing fibers. Finally, the influences of the temperature, nut radius, and fixture geometry on the critical load were determined via simulation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Simulation and Analysis of Materials Failure Under Loading)

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18 pages, 6065 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Failure Mechanisms and Reinforcing Modes of Ply Splice Fiber-Reinforced Composite Laminates under Tensile Load

by Meng Zhu, Dingding Chen and Qigao Hu

Materials 2019, 12(18), 2912; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12182912 - 9 Sep 2019

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3285

Abstract

To fabricate large-scale or unusually shaped composite structures, pieces of fabric plies can be spliced to match size and shape requirements, forming ply splice structures. The junction of different plies can be considered as a defect in the resulting composite material, affecting the overall mechanical properties. In this paper, unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) with ply splices was used as a research object to study these potential material defects. The effects of ply splices at different positions on the tensile properties of CFRP and the coupling between position of ply splicing were analyzed. Simultaneously, a finite element model was established to analyze the damage evolution, in which a continuous damage model and a cohesive zone model were used to describe the damage of the composite and interface layers, respectively. The model results were in good agreement with observed experimental results. Our results showed that there were three main factors for this failure mechanism: boundary effects, whether the ply splices were independent, or whether they were close to each other. In short, when two ply splices were located at the edge or independent of each other, the failure mode was first delamination and then fiber fracture, and the tensile strength was high. However, when the two ply splices were close to the edge or close to each other, the failure mode was first local fiber fracture and then delamination damage, and the resulting tensile strength was low. Finally, different reinforcement methods to improve the tensile properties of composites were adopted for the splicing layers at different positions through the analysis via model simulation. The two-side patch repair method was used to reinforce the ply splices on or near the edge. Additionally, increasing the toughness of the adhesive layer was used to reinforce the ply splices that were inside the material. These results showed that the tensile strength was enhanced by these two methods of reinforcement, and the initial damage load was especially increased. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Simulation and Analysis of Materials Failure Under Loading)

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17 pages, 5818 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Temperature on the Longitudinal Cracking in Multipurpose Precast Concrete Sleepers Prior to Their Installation

by Jesús Donaire-Ávila, Antonio Montañés-López and Fernando Suárez

Materials 2019, 12(17), 2731; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12172731 - 26 Aug 2019

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2627

Abstract

Prestressed monoblock railway sleepers are concrete elements with almost no reinforcement apart from the prestressing wires, which makes them very sensitive to any stress variation that can induce tensile stresses. In recent years, severe longitudinal cracking has been observed in a number of sleepers in hot regions of Spain, even before these elements were put in service. This work studies the problem while considering the thermal variation as the main factor affecting this cracking phenomenon. A non-linear static load-step analysis is applied on a non-linear finite element model to reproduce the problem and, after its experimental validation, the influence of three design parameters of the sleepers are studied: the nature of concrete aggregates, the dowel thickness, and the dowel material. The results show that all these three parameters may have significant influence on the problem, with the dowel material being the most important parameter. When the dowels are made of a material with a high elastic modulus and a high thermal expansion coefficient, the crack opening induced by a realistic thermal variation can reach significant values and result in longitudinal crack propagation. The changes of humidity are not considered in this study because they are beyond the scope of this work. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Simulation and Analysis of Materials Failure Under Loading)

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