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Metals
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Advances in Laser Metal Deposition Processes
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Advances in Laser Metal Deposition Processes

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Additive Manufacturing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2024) | Viewed by 5128

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Xu Cheng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Interests: metal additive manufacturing; laser surface engineering; heat treatment; investment casting
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As an advanced manufacturing technology, additive manufacturing has been widely used in fields such as aerospace and marine applications. Laser metal deposition (LMD) technology has the advantages of high material utilization, a short processing time, low cost, and a short cycle time, and it will lead to disruptive changes in the production of components with complicated shapes. It will also lead to a lot of innovations in material development and   component production. In response, we are pleased to invite you to publish your related research in this Special Issue.

This Special Issue aims to publish the latest theoretical and experimental founding in the field of laser metal deposition processes. Appropriate submissions to this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, papers discussing the processes, novel materials, modeling design, microstructure–property relationships and applications of the LMD processes.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include, but not limited to, the following topics:

  • Laser metal deposition processes;
  • Metallurgy;
  • Base metals and alloys;
  • Characterization techniques;
  • Design and modeling.

 We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Xu Cheng
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • additive manufacturing
  • laser metal deposition
  • metals
  • microstructure
  • mechanical properties
  • alloys
  • process parameter
  • solidification
  • physical metallurgy

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 8238 KiB  
Article
Advancements in Hybrid Additive Manufacturing: Integrating SLM and LMD for High-Performance Applications
by Deviprasad Chalicheemalapalli Jayasankar, Stefan Gnaase, Maximilian Alexander Kaiser, Dennis Lehnert and Thomas Tröster
Metals 2024, 14(7), 772; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14070772 - 29 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1351
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies enable near-net-shape designs and demand-oriented material usage, which significantly minimizes waste. This points to a substantial opportunity for further optimization in material savings and process design. The current study delves into the advancement of sustainable manufacturing practices in the [...] Read more.
Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies enable near-net-shape designs and demand-oriented material usage, which significantly minimizes waste. This points to a substantial opportunity for further optimization in material savings and process design. The current study delves into the advancement of sustainable manufacturing practices in the automotive industry, emphasizing the crucial role of lightweight construction concepts and AM technologies in enhancing resource efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. By exploring the integration of novel AM techniques such as selective laser melting (SLM) and laser metal deposition (LMD), the study aims to overcome existing limitations like slow build-up rates and limited component resolution. The study’s core objective revolves around the development and validation of a continuous process chain that synergizes different AM routes. In the current study, the continuous process chain for DMG MORI Lasertec 65 3D’s LMD system and the DMG MORI Lasertec 30 3D’s was demonstrated using 316L and 1.2709 steel materials. This integrated approach is designed to significantly curtail process times and minimize component costs, thus suggesting an industry-oriented process chain for future manufacturing paradigms. Additionally, the research investigates the production and material behavior of components under varying manufacturing processes, material combinations, and boundary layer materials. The culmination of this study is the validation of the proposed process route through a technology demonstrator, assessing its scalability and setting a benchmark for resource-efficient manufacturing in the automotive sector. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Laser Metal Deposition Processes)
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13 pages, 5252 KiB  
Article
Effect of TiB2 Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser-Directed Energy Deposition TiAl Alloy
by Yancheng Yang, Yi Hu, Hongyan Chen, Yu Li, Jiawei Wang, Xu Cheng, Haibo Tang, Xianzhe Ran and Dong Liu
Metals 2024, 14(5), 533; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14050533 - 30 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1145
Abstract
The microstructure characteristics of TiAl alloy prepared by laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED) are coarse columnar grains parallel to the building direction, which results in serious mechanical properties and anisotropy and limits its application. In the present study, TiB2 can be used as [...] Read more.
The microstructure characteristics of TiAl alloy prepared by laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED) are coarse columnar grains parallel to the building direction, which results in serious mechanical properties and anisotropy and limits its application. In the present study, TiB2 can be used as an effective grain refiner due to the extremely high Q value (growth inhibition factor; the larger the Q value of an alloying element, the stronger its grain refinement effect.) of B. With TiB2 addition, TiAl alloys prepared by laser-directed energy deposition with the microstructure of full equiaxed grains were obtained, and the grain size was significantly reduced by about 30% with 0.45 wt.% TiB2. This value has been further increased to 45% when adding 0.9 wt.% TiB2. Moreover, the γm phase was nearly eliminated and the width of (α2 + γ) lamellar was significantly decreased, which has positive effects on mechanical properties. Meanwhile, TiB2 precipitates uniformly distribute in the matrix, as a reinforced particle to increase the hardness and compressive strength of the alloys. The microhardness of the TiAl alloy increased with the increasing content of TiB2. The addition of TiB2 improved the room and high-temperature compressive properties of TiAl alloy while slightly increasing its ductility. These findings have important guiding significance for expanding the application of TiAl alloys. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Laser Metal Deposition Processes)
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13 pages, 6719 KiB  
Article
Microstructure and Microhardness of High-Strength Aluminium Alloy Prepared Using High-Speed Laser Fabrication
by Yu Wu, Bingqing Chen, Peixin Xu, Pengjun Tang, Borui Du and Chen Huang
Metals 2024, 14(5), 525; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14050525 - 30 Apr 2024
Viewed by 981
Abstract
As a recently developed high-strength aluminium alloy used specifically for laser additive manufacturing, AlMgMnSc alloy possesses superior mechanical properties and excellent processability. Extreme high-speed laser deposition (EHLD) is a novel surface-modification technique, which is characterised by high depositing speed, rapid cooling, rate and [...] Read more.
As a recently developed high-strength aluminium alloy used specifically for laser additive manufacturing, AlMgMnSc alloy possesses superior mechanical properties and excellent processability. Extreme high-speed laser deposition (EHLD) is a novel surface-modification technique, which is characterised by high depositing speed, rapid cooling, rate and minimal dilution rate. To offer a new method for surface repairing high-strength aluminium alloys, an AlMgMnSc alloy coating, containing two deposition layers, is prepared on a 6061 aluminium-alloy axle using the EHLD technique. Meanwhile, the microstructure, composition distribution, and microhardness variation of the fabricated coating are studied. The results reveal that the coating is dense and crack-free, which is well-bonded with the substrate. Additionally, layer 1 is mainly composed of large columnar and equiaxed grains, while layer 2 consists of a fully equiaxed grain structure with an average grain size of about 4.5 μm. Moreover, the microhardness of the coating (about 104~118 HV) is similar to the substrate (about 105 HV), proving the feasibility of repairing high-strength aluminium alloys using AlMgMnSc alloy powders through the EHLD technique. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Laser Metal Deposition Processes)
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17 pages, 16150 KiB  
Article
Effect of Deep Cryogenic Aging Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser-Melted AlSi10Mg Alloy
by Pengjun Tang, Taiqi Yan, Yu Wu and Haibo Tang
Metals 2024, 14(5), 493; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14050493 - 24 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1227
Abstract
Deep cryogenic aging (DCA) is a newly developed heat treatment technique for additive-manufactured metallic materials to reduce residual stress and improve their mechanical properties. In this study, AlSi10Mg alloy samples fabricated by selective laser melting were deep-cryogenic-treated at −160 °C and subsequently aged [...] Read more.
Deep cryogenic aging (DCA) is a newly developed heat treatment technique for additive-manufactured metallic materials to reduce residual stress and improve their mechanical properties. In this study, AlSi10Mg alloy samples fabricated by selective laser melting were deep-cryogenic-treated at −160 °C and subsequently aged at 160 °C. Phase and microstructural analyses were conducted using X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, while the mechanical properties were evaluated through microhardness and tensile testing at room temperature. The results indicated that the DCA treatment did not have an effect on the morphology of the melt pools. However, it facilitated the formation of atomic clusters and nanoscale Si and β′ phases, as well as accelerating the coarsening of grains and the ripening of the eutectic Si phase. After DCA treatment, the mass fraction of the Si phase experienced an increase from 4.4% to 7.2%. Concurrently, the volume fraction of the precipitated secondary phases elevated to 5.1%. The microhardness was enhanced to 147 HV, and the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength achieved 495 MPa and 345 MPa, respectively, with an elongation of 7.5%. In comparison to the as-built specimen, the microhardness, ultimate tensile strength, and yield strength increased by 11.4%, 3.1%, and 19.0%, respectively. The improvement in mechanical properties is primarily attributed to the Orowan strengthening mechanism induced by the secondary phases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Laser Metal Deposition Processes)
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