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Metals
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Embrittlement Phenomena in Steel Metallurgy
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Embrittlement Phenomena in Steel Metallurgy

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Failure Analysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 3320

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Christopher DiGiovanni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CanmetMATERIALS, Natural Resources Canada, 183 Longwood Road South, Hamilton, Ontario L8P 0A5, Canada
Interests: physical metallurgy; steel; embrittlement; thermomechanical processing; welding and joining; steelmaking
Dr. Ali Ghatei-Kalashami

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
Interests: welding and joining; thermomechanical processing; numerical modeling; liquid metal embrittlement; advanced characterization; heat treatment; microstructure–property relationship; additive manufacturing; arc/laser brazing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce a Special Issue of the MDPI journal Metals on "Embrittlement Phenomena in Steel Metallurgy". This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive platform for researchers, academics, and industry professionals to share their latest findings, advancements, and perspectives on the crucial topic of embrittlement in steel metallurgy and occurrence during manufacturing processes.

Embrittlement is a complex phenomenon that significantly affects the mechanical properties and structural integrity of steel, posing challenges in various industrial applications such as the construction, transportation, and energy sectors. This Special Issue will cover a wide range of embrittlement mechanisms, including liquid metal embrittlement, hydrogen embrittlement, temper embrittlement, and stress corrosion cracking.

We invite researchers from all relevant disciplines to contribute original research articles or critical reviews focusing on, but not limited to, the following topics:

  • Responsible mechanisms
  • Mitigation techniques
  • Occurrence of embrittlement in manufacturing processes (welding, hot-stamping, galvanizing) or during service
  • Crack growth modeling
  • Novel test methods for embrittlement susceptibility and evaluation
  • Characterization of metallurgical and embrittlement features

Dr. Christopher DiGiovanni
Dr. Ali Ghatei-Kalashami
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • liquid metal embrittlement
  • hydrogen embrittlement
  • temper embrittlement
  • stress corrosion cracking
  • steel metallurgy
  • material processing
  • crack growth
  • mechanical properties

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 9822 KiB  
Article
Liquid Metal Embrittlement Cracking in Uncoated Transformation-Induced Plasticity Steel during Consecutive Resistance Spot Welding
by Jae Won Kim, Sunusi Marwana Manladan, Kaisar Mahmud, Woosung Jin, Tejaswin Krishna, Changwook Ji, Dae-Geun Nam and Yeong-Do Park
Metals 2023, 13(11), 1826; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13111826 - 30 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1179
Abstract
In the automotive production line, a single pair of electrodes is employed to produce hundreds of consecutive welds before undergoing dressing or replacement. In consecutive resistance spot welding (RSW) involving Zn-coated steels, the electrodes undergo metallurgical degradation, characterized by Cu-Zn alloying, which impacts [...] Read more.
In the automotive production line, a single pair of electrodes is employed to produce hundreds of consecutive welds before undergoing dressing or replacement. In consecutive resistance spot welding (RSW) involving Zn-coated steels, the electrodes undergo metallurgical degradation, characterized by Cu-Zn alloying, which impacts the susceptibility to liquid metal embrittlement (LME) cracking. In the present investigation, the possibility of LME crack formation in uncoated TRIP steel joints during consecutive RSW (involving 400 welds in galvannealed and uncoated TRIP steels) was investigated. The results have shown that different Cu-Zn phases were formed on the electrode surface because of its contamination with Zn from the galvannealed coating. Therefore, during the welding of the uncoated TRIP steel, the heat generated at the electrode/sheet interface would result in the melting of the Cu-Zn phases, thereby exposing the uncoated steel surface to molten Zn and Cu, leading to LME cracking. The cracks exhibited a maximum length of approximately 30 µm at Location A (weld center) and 50 µm at Location B (shoulder of the weld). The occurrence and characteristics of the cracks differed depending on the location as the number of welds increased due to the variation in Zn content. Type A cracks did not form when the number of welds was less than 280. Several cracks with a total length of approximately 30 μm were suddenly formed between 280 and 400 welds. On the other hand, type B cracks began to appear after 40 welds. However, the number and size of these exhibited inconsistency as the number of welds increased. Overall, the results have shown that small LME cracks can form even in uncoated steels during consecutive welding of Zn-coated and uncoated steel joints. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Embrittlement Phenomena in Steel Metallurgy)
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13 pages, 4542 KiB  
Article
The Identification of a New Liquid Metal Embrittlement (LME) Type in Resistance Spot Welding of Advanced High−Strength Steels on Reduced Flange Widths
by Keke Yang, Gerson Meschut, Georg Seitz, Max Biegler and Michael Rethmeier
Metals 2023, 13(10), 1754; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13101754 - 16 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1784
Abstract
Liquid metal embrittlement (LME) cracking is a phenomenon observed during resistance spot welding (RSW) of zinc−coated advanced high−strength steels (AHSS) in automotive manufacturing. In this study, severe cracks are observed at the edge of the sheet under reduced flange widths. These cracks, traversing [...] Read more.
Liquid metal embrittlement (LME) cracking is a phenomenon observed during resistance spot welding (RSW) of zinc−coated advanced high−strength steels (AHSS) in automotive manufacturing. In this study, severe cracks are observed at the edge of the sheet under reduced flange widths. These cracks, traversing the AHSS sheet, culminate at the edge with a width of approximately 1.2 mm. Through combined numerical and experimental investigations, and material testing, these cracks are identified and validated as a new type of LME crack. The mechanism behind this crack formation is attributed to unique geometric conditions that, when compared to center welding, amplify radial material flow by ninefold to 0.87 mm. The resultant tangential tensile stresses approximate 760 MPa, which exceed the yield strength of the examined advanced high−strength steel (AHSS) under heightened temperature conditions, and when combined with liquid zinc, promote the formation of this new type of LME crack. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Embrittlement Phenomena in Steel Metallurgy)
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