Corrosion Behaviour of Duplex Stainless Steels

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 January 2020) | Viewed by 3291

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Corrosion and Metallurgy Study Centre "Aldo Daccò", Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 4A, 44122 Ferrara FE, Italy
Interests: corrosion of alloys; electrochemistry and electrochemical techniques for corrosion research; environmentally assisted cracking; hydrogen embrittlement; corrosion in additive manufacturing; biomaterials
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E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Corrosion and Metallurgy Study Centre "Aldo Daccò", Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 4A, 44122 Ferrara FE, Italy
Interests: corrosion of materials; electrochemistry and electrochemical techniques for corrosion research; environmentally assisted cracking; corrosion in additive manufacturing; advanced ceramics; biomaterials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) are steels with austeno-ferritic microstructure with a relevant scientific and applicative interest as they have a favourable combination of mechanical properties, weldability and high corrosion resistance in different environments. These characteristics make them appropriate for different field conditions: from the paper to petrochemical industries, from the construction sector to that of nuclear energy production. DSS development has followed two different directions: the improvement of corrosion resistance by increasing the alloy content of chromium, molybdenum, and nitrogen (i.e., superduplex and hyperduplex stainless steels) and the market introduction of lean duplex stainless steels. The latter alloys afford interesting corrosion resistance properties, but are more cost effective because of their low nickel content.

The corrosion properties of duplex stainless steels depend upon the alloy chemical composition and the degree of homogeneity of passivating alloying element distribution in the two phases. Thus, the accurate selection and control of operating conditions during DSS production and welding operation is fundamental to ensuring optimal corrosion and mechanical performances. Moreover, only a careful alloy selection for specific environmental conditions can guarantee long service lifetimes.

This Special Issue collects research studies related to all aspects of DSS corrosion behaviour: from the study of the influence of the chemical composition on the alloy corrosion resistance to the evaluation of the effect of secondary phases formation during thermal aging or welding, from new information on DSS applications in aggressive environments, to the development of innovative alloys coupling high performances and moderate costs. In particular, we particularly welcome research on innovative lean DSSs, owing to their increasing applicative interest.

Dr. Eng. Federica Zanotto
Dr. Andrea Balbo
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • duplex stainless steels
  • corrosion behaviour
  • corrosion mechanisms
  • thermal aging
  • welding
  • electrochemical techniques
  • lean duplex stainless steels
  • superduplex stainless steels
  • hyperduplex stainless steels
  • case studies

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 6514 KiB  
Article
Investigation on the Corrosion Behavior of Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2404 after Aging within the 650–850 °C Temperature Range
by Federica Zanotto, Vincenzo Grassi, Andrea Balbo, Fabrizio Zucchi and Cecilia Monticelli
Metals 2019, 9(5), 529; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9050529 - 8 May 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2872
Abstract
This paper reports the effects of thermal aging between 650 and 850 °C on the localized corrosion behavior of lean duplex stainless steel (LDSS 2404). Critical pitting temperature (CPT) and double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) tests were performed. The localization of pitting [...] Read more.
This paper reports the effects of thermal aging between 650 and 850 °C on the localized corrosion behavior of lean duplex stainless steel (LDSS 2404). Critical pitting temperature (CPT) and double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) tests were performed. The localization of pitting attack and intergranular corrosion (IGC) attack after DL-EPR was investigated by optical (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by focused ion beam (FIB) coupled to SEM. Thermal aging caused the precipitation of mainly chromium nitrides at grain boundaries. Aging at 650 °C or short aging times (5 min) at 750 °C caused nitride precipitation mainly at α/α grain boundaries as a result of fast diffusion of chromium in this phase. Aging at 850 °C or aging times from 10 to 60 min at 750 °C also allowed the precipitation at the α/γ interface. Nitrides at γ/γ grain boundaries were observed rarely and only after long aging times (60 min) at 850 °C. Electrochemical tests showed that in as-received samples, pitting attack only affected the α phase. Conversely, in aged samples, pitting and IGC attack were detected close to nitrides in correspondence of α/α and α/γ grain boundaries depending on aging temperatures and times. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Behaviour of Duplex Stainless Steels)
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