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Metals
Special Issues
Thermodynamic Properties of Metallurgical Melts
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Thermodynamic Properties of Metallurgical Melts

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2024) | Viewed by 5849

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jie Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: new technologies for clean steel production; thermodynamic properties of metallurgical melts; physical and chemical aspects of clean utilization of solid waste resources; physical and chemical analysis of efficient utilization of vanadium and titanium resources
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Baijun Yan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: physical chemistry of metallurgy; efficient utilization of vanadium and titanium resources; physical chemistry of new functional materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Many high-temperature metallurgical processes, such as the steelmaking, aluminum electrolysis and pyrometallurgical refining of crude copper, are carried out in molten reaction medium. On the other hand, in smelting processes such as blast furnace ironmaking, matte making smelting of copper sulfide concentrate and blast furnace smelting of lead agglomerate, products in molten state and intermediate products are obtained. We call these reaction media and reaction products (or intermediate products) in the molten state in the pyrometallurgical process “metallurgical melts”. According to the main composition of the melt, metallurgical melts are generally divided into four types: metal melt, metallurgical slag, metallurgical molten salt and metallurgical matte.

The thermodynamic properties of metal melts have always been one of the core subjects of metallurgical thermodynamics, especially those of iron and steel metallurgy. With the development of science and technology, the metallurgical industry continuously need to improve the quality of products and develop new products. It is increasingly urgent to study the thermodynamic properties of metal melts.

This Special Issue includes but is not limited to research work in the fields of metallurgical melt thermodynamic properties, clean steel production, efficient resource utilization, etc.

We expect scholars and researchers from academic and industrial circles around the world to contribute to the Special Issue.

Dr. Jie Zhang
Prof. Dr. Baijun Yan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • thermodynamic properties
  • metallurgical processes
  • metal melt
  • slag
  • clean steel production
  • efficient resource utilization
  • molten salt
  • metallurgical matte

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 3794 KiB  
Article
Corrosion Performance of Welded Joints for E40 Marine Steel
by Ming Li, Huajie Wu and Yanhui Sun
Metals 2023, 13(9), 1528; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13091528 - 28 Aug 2023
Viewed by 854
Abstract
Marine steel requires excellent toughness and corrosion resistance in a low-temperature seawater environment. In this study, corrosion tests on E40 steel were performed, including electrochemical testing of the weld metal and heat-affected zone, dynamic corrosion testing in a simulated seawater environment, and the [...] Read more.
Marine steel requires excellent toughness and corrosion resistance in a low-temperature seawater environment. In this study, corrosion tests on E40 steel were performed, including electrochemical testing of the weld metal and heat-affected zone, dynamic corrosion testing in a simulated seawater environment, and the analysis and comparison of results obtained using different methods. The corrosion resistance of E40 was determined by measuring the saturation current density of the anodic dissolution of the steel in a corrosive medium by an electrochemical method. Under laboratory conditions, the corrosion resistance was investigated under simulated seawater. The results showed that regions with uneven microhardness corresponded to the inhomogeneity of the corrosion potential, with measured fluctuations of up to 40 mV. Nanoscale corrosive–aggressive non-metallic inclusions served as a substrate for the deposition of titanium and niobium carbonitrides, thereby weakening the corrosion resistance. The corrosion rate of the base metal was 1.16–1.64 mm/year, which was slightly higher than that of the heat-affected zone. The influence of deposition on the corrosion performance of welded joints under different deoxygenation processes was studied, and the deposition composition was controlled by a deoxygenation process to improve the corrosion resistance of the steel plate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermodynamic Properties of Metallurgical Melts)
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13 pages, 1979 KiB  
Article
Experimental Determination of the Standard Gibbs Energy of Formation of Fe3–xVxO4 at 1473 K
by Qingdong Miao, Ming Li and Baijun Yan
Metals 2023, 13(8), 1498; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13081498 - 21 Aug 2023
Viewed by 758
Abstract
In the present study, an approach of determining the standard Gibbs energy of formation of Fe3–xVxO4 was proposed firstly, then the standard Gibbs energies of formation of a variety of Fe3–xVxO4 were determined [...] Read more.
In the present study, an approach of determining the standard Gibbs energy of formation of Fe3–xVxO4 was proposed firstly, then the standard Gibbs energies of formation of a variety of Fe3–xVxO4 were determined experimentally, and finally, a calculating model of the standard Gibbs energy of formation of Fe3–xVxO4 was established. The detailed results are as follows: (1) the standard Gibbs energy of formation of Fe3–xVxO4 can be determined successfully by two steps; the first is to measure the chemical potential of Fe in Fe3–xVxO4 under fixed oxygen partial pressure, the second is to derive the chemical potential of V in Fe3–xVxO4 by Gibbs–Duhem relation; (2) the standard Gibbs energies of formation of Fe3–xVxO4 are mainly decided by the Fe/V molar ratio, and almost not influenced by the oxygen partial pressure in the range from 2.39 × 10−12 to 3.83 × 10−11 atm; (3) in this oxygen partial pressure range, the standard Gibbs energies of formation of Fe3–xVxO4 can be calculated satisfactorily by the following model: ΔfGFe3−xVxO4θJ/mol=1−x/2ΔfGFe3O4θ+x/2ΔfGFeV2O4θ+1−x/2RTln1−x/2+x/2RTlnx/2 − 168627.481−x/2x/2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermodynamic Properties of Metallurgical Melts)
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17 pages, 5814 KiB  
Article
Development and Application of Converter COMI-B Technology: A New Way of CO2 Utilization
by Chao Feng, Jianfeng Dong, Rong Zhu and Huapeng Yang
Metals 2023, 13(5), 926; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13050926 - 10 May 2023
Viewed by 1086
Abstract
CO2 has characteristic properties and reactions at the converter smelting temperature, and the chemical reaction between CO2 and elements such as C and Si in the molten pool has bubble proliferation and cooling effects, which can effectively improve the kinetic and [...] Read more.
CO2 has characteristic properties and reactions at the converter smelting temperature, and the chemical reaction between CO2 and elements such as C and Si in the molten pool has bubble proliferation and cooling effects, which can effectively improve the kinetic and thermodynamic conditions of converter smelting. Here, an experimental study and industrial test on the application of CO2 in converter smelting were carried out. The smelting effects of Mode-1 and Mode-2 with total CO2 injection amounts of 229 Nm3 and 196 Nm3, respectively, were compared, and the changes in molten steel and slag compositions, dust removal, and gas were analyzed. The test results show that converter top and bottom blowing CO2 technology (COMI-B) technology had significant metallurgical advantages over the N-Mode; the dephosphorization rate increased by 4.2%, slag (FeO) content was reduced by 2.04%, end point nitrogen content of molten steel was reduced by 20%, gas recovery increased by 8.29 Nm3/t, and soot production was reduced by 14.7%. The results of the study provide a reference for the application of COMI-B technology in converters in the iron and steel industry and develop a new path for resource utilization of CO2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermodynamic Properties of Metallurgical Melts)
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20 pages, 10022 KiB  
Article
Characteristics of Bubble Behavior and Inclusion Removal in Liquid Steel Based on Industrial Trials of Argon Injection into Ladle Shroud
by Yang He, Jianhua Liu, Xiaofeng Su, Wei Li, Yukang Pan and Daya Wang
Metals 2023, 13(3), 593; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13030593 - 15 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1567
Abstract
A series of industrial trials of argon injection into ladle shroud (AIILS) with different argon-blowing rates were conducted in this study. Firstly, bubbles in actual liquid steel of the tundish were captured by the method of “cold steel plate dipping” and characterized by [...] Read more.
A series of industrial trials of argon injection into ladle shroud (AIILS) with different argon-blowing rates were conducted in this study. Firstly, bubbles in actual liquid steel of the tundish were captured by the method of “cold steel plate dipping” and characterized by microscope examination. A detailed investigation on the three-dimension morphology of bubbles was carried out by using industrial computerized tomography (ICT). Then, the two-phase flow of liquid steel and argon gas in the tundish was numerically simulated to further investigate the motion behaviors of bubbles in liquid steel of the tundish. The simulated results showed that bubbles in the size range of this investigation had a large enough filtration rate to demonstrate a good performance on inclusion removal. Finally, the effect of AIILS on inclusion removal was analyzed by detecting the variations of inclusions as well as total oxygen content in steels taken from the ladle, tundish, and casting billet. The method of AIILS was more effective at improving the removal of inclusions in the range of 5 to 10 μm and obviously increased the removal rate of total oxygen content. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermodynamic Properties of Metallurgical Melts)
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17 pages, 9340 KiB  
Article
Study on Corrosion and Wear Behavior Mechanism of Reactor Material in Metastannic Acid Synthesis
by Wengao Zhang, He Wei, Ruichun Su, Xiwen Yang, Zulai Li, Quan Shan and Fei Zhang
Metals 2022, 12(12), 2045; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12122045 - 28 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 921
Abstract
AISI 316L, Ti2, and Zr1 are widely used in the selection of reaction still material, however, there is corrosion wear behavior in the use process. In this paper, the adsorption behavior of oxygen in Fe, Ti, and Zr is studied by the first [...] Read more.
AISI 316L, Ti2, and Zr1 are widely used in the selection of reaction still material, however, there is corrosion wear behavior in the use process. In this paper, the adsorption behavior of oxygen in Fe, Ti, and Zr is studied by the first principles method. Corrosion and wear behaviors of AISI 316L, Ti2 and Zr1 were studied by electrochemical corrosion and wear tests. The results show that AISI 316L can effectively resist the action of friction pair during wear by elastic modulus calculation. Oxygen is easily adsorbed at the top of the Fe(111) crystal plane and the bridge site of the Zr(110) crystal plane to form the most stable adsorption structure. The Ecorr of Zr1 (0.275 V) is greater than that of Ti2 (0.266 V) and AISI 316L (0.094 V), resulting in a ZrO2 passivated film with strong protection in the HNO3 solution. The wear rate of AISI 316L is higher than that of Zr1 and Ti2. In the selection of tin chemical reactor material, it is preferred that Zr1 can withstand corrosion and wear for a long time in a nitric acid system, which provides important guidance for corrosion and wear of reactor materials in the synthesis of tin acid. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermodynamic Properties of Metallurgical Melts)
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