Additive Manufacturing of Compositionally Complex and High Entropy Alloys

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Additive Manufacturing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2021) | Viewed by 4221

Special Issue Editors


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Leibniz-Institut für Werkstofforientierte Technologien/Leibniz-Institute for Materials Engineering, Badgasteiner Str. 3, 28359 Bremen, Germany
Interests: atomization; molten metals; metal powder; powder modification; powder characterization; additive manufacturing; L-PBF

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Materials for Additive Manufacturing, Bundeswehr University Munich, 85579 Neubiberg, Germany
Interests: alloy design; additive manufacturing; L-PBF; compositionally complex alloys
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Materials Engineering Department, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
Interests: solidification technology; powder atomization; advanced processing; metallic materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Compositionally Complex alloys including high-entropy alloys are a relatively new class of metallic alloys that differ fundamentally from conventional alloys. These alloys exhibit excellent mechanical properties and the phenomena are as yet poorly understood with classical materials knowledge. In conjunction with rapid solidification processes in additive manufacturing, there are opportunities for a wide range of new applications. Therefore, research interest has increased sharply in recent years.

Compositionally Complex alloys consist of multiple elements with similar high atomic fractions and often exhibit single crystalline structures. So far, examples have been reported in which high mechanical strength coupled with high ductility, high strength at elevated temperatures, high wear resistance, or high resistance to corrosion and oxidation have been demonstrated. In conjunction with 3D printing and its high cooling rates, entirely new possibilities arise for complex components that are exposed to extreme conditions, for example, or that can contribute to sustainability and reduced CO2 emissions.

This special issue is intended to reflect the growing interest in these materials in connection with additive manufacturing and offers the opportunity to report on new developments and applications. Basic research-oriented contributions that deepen the understanding of microstructures evolution are considered. Studies describing thermal post-treatments to improve material properties are also encouraged.

Dr. Volker Uhlenwinkel
Prof. Dr. Eric Jägle
Prof. Dr. Claudemiro Bolfarini
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Compositionnally Complex Alloys
  • High Entropy Alloys
  • Additive Manufacturing
  • heat treatment
  • rapid solidification
  • microstructure

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 5192 KiB  
Article
In-Situ Alloying of CoCrFeNiX High Entropy Alloys by Selective Laser Melting
by Lucy Farquhar, George Maddison, Liam Hardwick, Frances Livera, Iain Todd and Russell Goodall
Metals 2022, 12(3), 456; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12030456 - 8 Mar 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3622
Abstract
High Entropy Alloys are a class of alloys which have been shown to largely exhibit stable microstructures, as well as frequently good mechanical properties, particularly when manufactured by additive manufacturing. Due to the large number of potential compositions that their multi-component nature introduces, [...] Read more.
High Entropy Alloys are a class of alloys which have been shown to largely exhibit stable microstructures, as well as frequently good mechanical properties, particularly when manufactured by additive manufacturing. Due to the large number of potential compositions that their multi-component nature introduces, high throughput alloy development methods are desirable to speed up the investigation of novel alloys. Here, we explore once such method, in-situ alloying during Additive Manufacture, where a powder of a certain pre-alloyed composition is mixed with the required composition of powder of an additional element, such that alloying takes place when powders are melted during the process. To test the effectiveness and capability of the approach, selective laser melting has been used to manufacture pre-alloyed CoCrFeNi, and also CoCrFeNiCu and CoCrFeNiTi alloys by combining pre-alloyed CoCrFeNi powder with elemental powders of Cu and Ti. Processing parameter variations are used to find the highest relative density for each alloy, and samples were then characterised for microstructure and phase composition. The CoCrFeNi alloy shows a single phase face centred cubic (FCC) microstructure, as found with other processing methods. The CoCrFeNiCu alloy has a two phase FCC microstructure with clear partitioning of the Cu, while the CoCrFeNiTi alloy has an FCC matrix phase with NiTi intermetallics and a hexagonal close packed (HCP) phase, as well as unmelted Ti particles. The microstructures therefore differ from those observed in the same alloys manufactured by other methods, mainly due to the presence of areas with higher concentrations than usually encountered of Cu and Ti respectively. Successful in-situ alloying in this process seems to be improved by the added elemental powder having a lower melting point than the base alloy, as well as a low inherent tendency to segregate. While not producing directly comparable microstructures however, the approach does seem to offer advantages for the rapid screening of alloys for AM processability, identifying, for example, extensive solid-state cracking in the CoCrFeNiTi alloy. Full article
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