Electromagnetic Stirring Technique in Metallurgy and Material Processing

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 August 2019) | Viewed by 11968

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Dept. Mechanical Engineering, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, 98684, Germany
Interests: magnetohydrodynamic controlling molten metal flow, electromagnetic metal stirring, Lorentz force metal flow measurement

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

1. We study the interaction of electromagnetic fields with molten metals and use the fact that, depending on the shape, the applied magnetic field contributes to either suppressing turbulence and laminarization, or intensifying turbulent fluctuations in fluid (which is important at crystallization). These phenomena can be used for aimed tasks of the processing of materials. Along with this, electromagnetic techniques of molten metal transportation and flow control are used.

2. We develop a method and devices for the non-contacting electromagnetic stirring of electrically conductive substances (e.g., liquid metals, electrolytes) using oscillating inhomogeneous magnetic fields. The magnetic field is generated by a magnet system that is close to a container filled with an electrically conductive substance. Oscillation of the magnetic field produces a controllable Lorentz force that creates a velocity field in the electrically conductive substance, promoting mixing of locally heated fluid or added substances (e.g., particulate additives). It improves homogenization of additives during the production of metallic alloys, e.g., in the steel continuous casting process, in aluminium production, etc.

3. Molten metal flow at high temperature can be effectively measured by using external constant magnetic fields. The applied technique is termed Lorentz force flowmeter (LFF) and is based on exposing the flow to a magnet system and measuring the drag force acting upon it. We derive the scaling law that relates the force acting on a localized magnet system to the flow rate of the electrically conducting fluid. This law shows that LFF, if properly designed, has a wide range of potential applications in ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy.

Prof. Dr. Yuri B. Kolesnikov
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Molten metal
  • Electromagnetic interaction
  • Turbulence
  • Laminarization
  • Metal stirring
  • Lorentz force velocimetry

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 5213 KiB  
Article
Steel/Slag Interface Behavior under Multifunction Electromagnetic Driving in a Continuous Casting Slab Mold
by Xiaohui Sun, Bin Li, Haibiao Lu, Yunbo Zhong, Zhongming Ren and Zuosheng Lei
Metals 2019, 9(9), 983; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9090983 - 4 Sep 2019
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3189
Abstract
The transient numerical model combined with the volume of fluid (VOF) approach is employed to investigate the steel/slag interface behavior under multifunction electromagnetic driving in a continuous casting slab mold. Here, electromagnetic stirring (EMS) and electromagnetic braking (EMBr), respectively, are chosen as flow [...] Read more.
The transient numerical model combined with the volume of fluid (VOF) approach is employed to investigate the steel/slag interface behavior under multifunction electromagnetic driving in a continuous casting slab mold. Here, electromagnetic stirring (EMS) and electromagnetic braking (EMBr), respectively, are chosen as flow multifunction control technologies in the upper and lower areas of the mold. The computational models are validated with measurement results. The results show that multifunction electromagnetic driving changes the flow pattern, which has the potential to simultaneously meet the requirements of the steel flow in the regions above and below the nozzle, ensuring the uniformity and activity of the molten steel in the upper region of the mold and avoiding the excessive depth of the impinging jet. After EMS, the steel forms a deflected circulation flow at the steel/slag interface, and the surface velocity distribution is more uniform. EMBr still has the function of stabilizing the meniscus when multifunction electromagnetic driving is applied. Taking wave height and wave amplitude as evaluation criteria, the influence of EMS and EMBr on the steel/slag interface can be evaluated and controlled to some extent by observing the key points. Full article
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15 pages, 5298 KiB  
Article
Analysis on Electromagnetic Field of Continuous Casting Mold Including a New Integral Method for Calculating Electromagnetic Torque
by Shaoxiang Li, Hong Xiao, Pu Wang, Huasong Liu and Jiaquan Zhang
Metals 2019, 9(9), 946; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9090946 - 29 Aug 2019
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3917
Abstract
Based on the Maxwell’s equations, a finite element model is established to study the characteristics of electromagnetic field in the mold of billet and bloom continuous casting with electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS). A novel integral method for calculating electromagnetic torque is proposed to evaluate [...] Read more.
Based on the Maxwell’s equations, a finite element model is established to study the characteristics of electromagnetic field in the mold of billet and bloom continuous casting with electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS). A novel integral method for calculating electromagnetic torque is proposed to evaluate the stirring intensity of stirrer. In order to verify the accuracy of the model, a well-designed electromagnetic torque detecting device is fabricated. The predicted value of electromagnetic torque and magnetic flux density are consistent with the measured data. The optimum frequency is determined by the maximal electromagnetic torque of the strand. The effect of stirring current intensity and different stirrer positions along the length of mold on the electromagnetic field has been studied numerically. The results show that the optimum frequency is smaller when the copper tube of the mold is thicker and the section size is bigger. Besides, the electromagnetic torque of the strand is a quadratic function of the running current intensity. Moreover, the installation position of stirrer strongly affects the prediction of electromagnetic field distribution, further influencing the optimum frequency and the electromagnetic torque of strand. Full article
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10 pages, 5367 KiB  
Article
Improvement of Filler Wire Dilution Using External Oscillating Magnetic Field at Full Penetration Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding of Thick Materials
by Ömer Üstündağ, Vjaceslav Avilov, Andrey Gumenyuk and Michael Rethmeier
Metals 2019, 9(5), 594; https://doi.org/10.3390/met9050594 - 23 May 2019
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3754
Abstract
Hybrid laser-arc welding offers many advantages, such as deep penetration, good gap bridge-ability, and low distortion due to reduced heat input. The filler wire which is supplied to the process is used to influence the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld seam. [...] Read more.
Hybrid laser-arc welding offers many advantages, such as deep penetration, good gap bridge-ability, and low distortion due to reduced heat input. The filler wire which is supplied to the process is used to influence the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld seam. A typical problem in deep penetration high-power laser beam welding with filler wire and hybrid laser-arc welding is an insufficient mixing of filler material in the weld pool, leading to a non-uniform element distribution in the seam. In this study, oscillating magnetic fields were used to form a non-conservative component of the Lorentz force in the weld pool to improve the element distribution over the entire thickness of the material. Full penetration hybrid laser-arc welds were performed on 20-mm-thick S355J2 steel plates with a nickel-based wire for different arrangements of the oscillating magnetic field. The Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) data for the distribution of two tracing elements (Ni and Cr) were used to analyze the homogeneity of dilution of the filler wire. With a 30° turn of the magnetic field to the welding direction, a radical improvement in the filler material distribution was demonstrated. This would lead to an improvement of the mechanical properties with the use of a suitable filler wire. Full article
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