Mechanical, Crack and Fatigue Properties of Tool Steel, Pipe Steel, and Laser Welded Steel

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Failure Analysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 7379

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Strength Laboratory, SVÚM, a.s., Čelákovice, Prague-East District, Čelákovice, Czech Republic
Interests: fatigue life; fatigue cracks; fracture mechanics; mechanical properties; microstructure; defects; residual stresses; crack closure
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tool steels, pipe steels, and laser-welded steels, the main subject of this Special Issue, may seem to be an incoherent field of material science and engineering, but this is not the case. With the exception of laser welding, these steels have been successfully used in specific applications and structures for many years. On the other hand, the application sectors are still being progressively developed to satisfy gradually growing requirements on the mechanical properties, fatigue resistance, as well as the safety and reliability of components and structures, because these components are often used in production chains, where any failure results in high additional costs connected with the interruption of production. This is why material and technological innovations are still needed. Laser-welded steels then represent quite a new technology, where new research and knowledge is still necessary.

Any improvement in material science and technology needs a deep knowledge and understanding of numerous parameters and links between the parameters, mechanical properties, material microstructure, and damage or failure mechanisms.

There is another aspect common for all the three types of steels—namely, intensive fatigue loading, both high- and low-cycle, combined with other loading types like thermal loading in tool steels, and corrosion exposition in some pipes or pipeline sections. Therefore, the thermal fatigue of tool steels, and the corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of pipe steels are also potentially important subjects of the Special Issue. In laser-welded steels, which may contain pores or crack-like defects, theoretical and applied fracture mechanics approaches will be another interesting issue.

The provided examples show that there is a large field of possible very interesting and valuable contributions to the Special Issue which will help numerous researchers, scientists, and engineers to maintain the progress in the material science and technology being seen in the field of these materials and their new applications.

Dr. Ivo Černý
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Tool steels
  • Pipe steels
  • Laser-welded steels
  • Fatigue resistance
  • Safety and reliability
  • Material and technological innovations
  • Damage and failure mechanisms
  • Fatigue
  • Theoretical and applied fracture mechanics

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 7700 KiB  
Article
Fatigue Properties and Residual Stresses of Laser-Welded Heat-Resistant Pressure Vessel Steel, Verification on Vessel Model
by Jiří Čapek, Jan Kec, Karel Trojan, Ivo Černý, Nikolaj Ganev, Kamil Kolařík and Stanislav Němeček
Metals 2022, 12(9), 1517; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12091517 - 14 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1865
Abstract
Most power plants use the Rankine cycle, where the heat supplied to water and steam is converted into mechanical work; therefore, most components have to be made of heat-resistant steel. Sufficient mechanical properties must be ensured for welded pipes to meet stringent requirements. [...] Read more.
Most power plants use the Rankine cycle, where the heat supplied to water and steam is converted into mechanical work; therefore, most components have to be made of heat-resistant steel. Sufficient mechanical properties must be ensured for welded pipes to meet stringent requirements. Therefore, laser-welded 5 mm thick heat-resistant pressure vessel steel plates were subjected to various mechanical tests, including high-cycle fatigue tests. The microstructural notches were determined using X-ray diffraction too to determine critical areas that are susceptible to crack initialization and affect the service life. Finally, a functional model of the pressure vessel subsequently verified the results and assumptions. The presented results ensure the transferability of the results to real-life applications and outline the promising application potential of laser welding for producing vessels and pipes from heat-resistant steel in the industry. Full article
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16 pages, 6465 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Heavy-Duty Vehicle Crossings on the State of Stress of Buried Pipelines
by Ľubomír Gajdoš, Martin Šperl, Jan Kec and Petr Crha
Metals 2022, 12(1), 153; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010153 - 14 Jan 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1784
Abstract
The aim of this article is to quantify the loads exerted by heavy-duty vehicles when crossing over buried pipeline. This problem arises in connection to the question pertaining to the use of protective sleeves (casings) applied to gas pipelines in regions with increased [...] Read more.
The aim of this article is to quantify the loads exerted by heavy-duty vehicles when crossing over buried pipeline. This problem arises in connection to the question pertaining to the use of protective sleeves (casings) applied to gas pipelines in regions with increased demands on pipeline operation safety. An experiment was conducted on a test pipe section made from L360NE pipeline steel equipped with strain gauges along the pipe perimeter, measuring strains in the axial and circumferential directions. Strain measurements were taken after back-filling the pipe trench, then during vehicle crossings over the empty pipe, and again after pressurizing the test pipe with air. Strain-based hoop stresses at the surface of the empty test pipe were found to exceed 30 MPa after back-filling the trench and increased to more than 40 MPa during the vehicle crossings. Similarly, axial stresses reached extremes of around 17 MPa in compression and 12 MPa in tension. Applying internal air pressure to the test pipe resulted in a reduced net effect on both the hoop and axial stresses. Full article
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26 pages, 9123 KiB  
Article
Fracture Mechanical Analysis of Thin-Walled Cylindrical Shells with Cracks
by Feng Yue and Ziyan Wu
Metals 2021, 11(4), 592; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11040592 - 5 Apr 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2977
Abstract
The fracture mechanical behaviour of thin-walled structures with cracks is highly significant for structural strength design, safety and reliability analysis, and defect evaluation. In this study, the effects of various factors on the fracture parameters, crack initiation angles and plastic zones of thin-walled [...] Read more.
The fracture mechanical behaviour of thin-walled structures with cracks is highly significant for structural strength design, safety and reliability analysis, and defect evaluation. In this study, the effects of various factors on the fracture parameters, crack initiation angles and plastic zones of thin-walled cylindrical shells with cracks are investigated. First, based on the J-integral and displacement extrapolation methods, the stress intensity factors of thin-walled cylindrical shells with circumferential cracks and compound cracks are studied using linear elastic fracture mechanics, respectively. Second, based on the theory of maximum circumferential tensile stress of compound cracks, the number of singular elements at a crack tip is varied to determine the node of the element corresponding to the maximum circumferential tensile stress, and the initiation angle for a compound crack is predicted. Third, based on the J-integral theory, the size of the plastic zone and J-integral of a thin-walled cylindrical shell with a circumferential crack are analysed, using elastic-plastic fracture mechanics. The results show that the stress in front of a crack tip does not increase after reaching the yield strength and enters the stage of plastic development, and the predicted initiation angle of an oblique crack mainly depends on its original inclination angle. The conclusions have theoretical and engineering significance for the selection of the fracture criteria and determination of the failure modes of thin-walled structures with cracks. Full article
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