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Micromachines
Special Issues
Metasurface-Based Devices and Systems
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Metasurface-Based Devices and Systems

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "A：Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2025) | Viewed by 2746

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Giuseppe Brunetti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Optoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
Interests: photonic sensors; metasurfaces; optical resonators; gyroscopes; solar cells; electronic systems; biosensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Muhammad Ali Butt

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: integrated photonics; plasmonics; fiber-optic sensors; metasurfaces; wearable sensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metasurfaces represent a groundbreaking approach to controlling electromagnetic waves, enabling unprecedented functionalities and compact designs. These two-dimensional structures, composed of subwavelength-scale elements, have become a cornerstone in modern photonics and optoelectronics, transforming applications in imaging, sensing, telecommunications, and beyond.

The potential of metasurface-based devices spans diverse domains, from wavefront shaping and polarization manipulation to beam steering and holography. Their ability to achieve high efficiency, reconfigurability, and integration into planar platforms makes them a pivotal technology for next-generation systems.

Building on the growing interest and rapid advancements in this field, we are pleased to announce this Special Issue dedicated to “Metasurface-Based Devices and Systems”. We invite high-quality reviews, original research articles, and interdisciplinary contributions that address topics including, but not limited to, the following:

  • Design, simulation, and optimization of novel metasurfaces.
  • Applications in imaging, sensing, and communication technologies.
  • Advances in tunable, reconfigurable, and multifunctional metasurfaces.
  • Material innovations and scalable fabrication methods for metasurfaces.
  • Integration of metasurfaces into optoelectronic and photonic systems.

We aim to provide a platform for highlighting state-of-the-art research and fostering cross-disciplinary collaboration in this rapidly evolving field. Your contributions are invaluable in shaping the future of metasurface technologies and their transformative impact on science and industry.

Dr. Giuseppe Brunetti
Dr. Muhammad Ali Butt
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dielectric metasurface
  • imaging
  • sensing
  • communications technologies
  • beamforming
  • beamsteering
  • dielectric antenna

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 4832 KB  
Article
Investigation of Printed Slot Antenna for Non-Invasive Glucose Sensing Using FR4 Substrate Material
by Yaqeen S. Mezaal
Micromachines 2026, 17(3), 335; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17030335 - 10 Mar 2026
Viewed by 355
Abstract
This paper provides a feasibility study of a non-invasive microwave-based glucose-sensing system based on a small printed slot antenna with etched step-impedance resonators (SIRs) on an FR4 substrate in the ground plane at approximately 5.7 GHz. The sensor proposed takes advantage of the [...] Read more.
This paper provides a feasibility study of a non-invasive microwave-based glucose-sensing system based on a small printed slot antenna with etched step-impedance resonators (SIRs) on an FR4 substrate in the ground plane at approximately 5.7 GHz. The sensor proposed takes advantage of the effect of the antenna resonant frequency and reflection coefficient (S11) perturbation due to the dielectric loading of a human finger placed in the antenna near field. Instead of declaring direct glucose specificity, this paper is dedicated to understand whether the measures of RF can be translated to the invasive glucose values under the condition of controlled positioning. A vector network analyzer was used to measure the experimental values where resonant frequency and S11 magnitude were obtained at the point of peak sensitivity due to fixed finger placement at the point. These RF properties were associated with invasively measured glucose values using three modeling methods: a simple analytical linear formula, a second-degree Polynomial Ridge regression model, and a Random Forest machine learning model. The comparative analysis has established that nonlinear data-driven models outperform the analytical formulations significantly with the highest predictive accuracy being the Random Forest model (R2 = 0.72, RMSE = 10.57 mg/dL, MAE = 5.16 mg/dL). The findings affirm that the impacts of antenna loading control the raw measurements, but the trend related to glucose can be extracted upon machine learning calibration under controlled conditions. The research provides a methodological framework of RF-based non-invasive glucose sensing and the need to employ various phantom-based validation, sub-subject-based modeling, or clinically based evaluation metrics in future studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metasurface-Based Devices and Systems)
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15 pages, 2703 KB  
Article
Fabrication and Plasmonic Characterization of Metasurfaces Patterned via Tunable Pyramidal Interference Lithography
by Saim Bokhari, Yazan Bdour and Ribal Georges Sabat
Micromachines 2026, 17(1), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17010104 - 13 Jan 2026
Viewed by 576
Abstract
Large-area metasurfaces were fabricated via a tunable pyramidal interference lithography (PIL) technique, which uses custom-built 2-faced, 3-faced, and 4-faced pyramidal prisms to create metasurfaces with customizable nano- and micro-scale surface feature periodicities. The 2-faced prism produced linear surface relief diffraction gratings, while the [...] Read more.
Large-area metasurfaces were fabricated via a tunable pyramidal interference lithography (PIL) technique, which uses custom-built 2-faced, 3-faced, and 4-faced pyramidal prisms to create metasurfaces with customizable nano- and micro-scale surface feature periodicities. The 2-faced prism produced linear surface relief diffraction gratings, while the 3-faced prism produced metasurfaces with triangular lattices and the 4-faced prism produced metasurfaces with square lattices, all on azobenzene thin films. A double inline prism set-up enabled control over the metasurface feature periodicity, allowing systematic increase in the pattern size. Additional tunability was achieved by placing a prism inline with a lens, allowing precise control over the metasurface feature periodicity. A theoretical model was derived and successfully matched to the experimental results. The resulting metasurfaces were coated with gold and exhibited distinct surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) responses, confirming their functionality. Overall, this work establishes PIL as a cost-effective and highly adaptable metasurface fabrication method for producing customizable periodic metasurfaces for photonic, plasmonic, and sensing applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metasurface-Based Devices and Systems)
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15 pages, 3428 KB  
Article
An Enhanced Circularly Polarized Textile Antenna Using a Metasurface and Slot-Patterned Ground for Off-Body Communications
by Yong-Deok Kim, Tu Tuan Le and Tae-Yeoul Yun
Micromachines 2025, 16(7), 799; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16070799 - 9 Jul 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1195
Abstract
This paper presents an enhanced circularly polarized (CP) all-textile antenna using a metasurface (MS) and slot-patterned ground (SPG) for 5.8 GHz industry, scientific, and medical (ISM)-band applications in off-body communications. The 3 × 3 MS, capable of converting the incident wave into an [...] Read more.
This paper presents an enhanced circularly polarized (CP) all-textile antenna using a metasurface (MS) and slot-patterned ground (SPG) for 5.8 GHz industry, scientific, and medical (ISM)-band applications in off-body communications. The 3 × 3 MS, capable of converting the incident wave into an orthogonal direction with equal magnitude and a 90° phase difference, converts the linearly polarized (LP) wave, radiated from the fundamental radiator with a corner-truncated slot square-patch configuration, into being CP. The SPG, consisting of periodic slots with two different sizes of corner-truncated slots, redistributes the surface current on the ground plane, enhancing the axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of the proposed antenna. The novel combination of MS and SPG not only enables the generation and enhancement of CP characteristics but also significantly improves the impedance bandwidth (IBW), gain, and radiation efficiency by introducing additional surface wave resonances. The proposed antenna is composed of a conductive textile and a felt substrate, offering comfort and flexibility for applications where the antenna is placed in close proximity to the human body. The proposed antenna is simulated under bending in various directions, showing exceptionally similar characteristics to a flat condition. The proposed antenna is fabricated and is then verified by measurements in both free space and a human body environment. The measured IBW is 36.3%, while the ARBW is 18%. The measured gain and radiation efficiency are 6.39 dBic and 64.7%, respectively. The specific absorption rate (SAR) is simulated, and the results satisfy both US and EU safety standards. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metasurface-Based Devices and Systems)
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