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Micromachines
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Micro/Nanomotors 2018
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Micro/Nanomotors 2018

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2018) | Viewed by 22726

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jianguo Guan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
Interests: functional composite materials; metamaterials; micro-/nanorobots; photonic crystals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Xing Ma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
Interests: micro/nano-motors; intelligent micro/nanomachine; enzyme catalysis; biosensors; multifunctional nanoparticles; target drug delivery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Wei Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Building G-907, HIT Campus, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
Interests: nano/micromotors; dynamic self-assembly; colloid electrokinetics

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

It is our great pleasure to introduce this Special Issue of Micromachines on the topic of micro- and nanomotors. These tiny machines, often a few micrometers or hundreds of nanometers in size, operate in fluid and low Reynolds number, and convert external energy into motion. Fueled by popular fantasies and pioneering visions in the 1960s, micro- and nanomotors have seen tremendous development from fabrication and propulsion to navigation in the last two decades, facilitated by the simultaneous development of nanotechnology. Emerging applications in the field of biomedicine, nano-surgery, environmental monitoring and mediation, and micro-assembly have been reported, while micro- and nanomotors can also be used as model systems to study fundamental scientific questions, particularly in the fields of soft matter. Parallel to promising prospects, both fundamental and applied challenges persist, and call for attention from researchers around the world.

Chinese scholars have, over the last decade or so, made considerable contributions from the pursuit of faster, more controllable and versatile micro- and nanomotors, as well as the fundamental understanding of their underlying principles, to the demonstration and exploitation of potential applications of micro- and nanomotors. Building on the success of the 2017 Special Issue on the “1st International Conference on Micro/Nanomachines”, the current Special Issue mainly includes the contributions from the participants of the “2nd National Conference of Micro- and Nanomotors of China”. In addition, submissions from others that are not associated with this conference but with themes focusing on micro- and nanomotors are also warmly welcome.

We hope that this Special Issue benefits the efficient sharing of the latest significant results and inspired viewpoints on an international scale, and thus propels the research on micro- and nanomotors across the globe.

Prof. Dr. Jianguo Guan
Prof. Dr. Xing Ma
Prof. Dr. Wei Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Micromotors
  • Nanomotors
  • Self-assembly
  • Collective behaviors
  • Modeling
  • Active matter
  • Active colloids
  • Self-propulsion
  • Autonomous motion
  • Motion control
  • Applications

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 9693 KiB  
Article
Phototactic Algae-Driven Unidirectional Transport of Submillimeter-Sized Cargo in a Microchannel
by Moeto Nagai, Takahiro Hirano and Takayuki Shibata
Micromachines 2019, 10(2), 130; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi10020130 - 16 Feb 2019
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4530
Abstract
The sensing and actuation capabilities of biological cells integrated with artificial components have been used to create autonomous microsystems. For creating autonomous microsystems, the unidirectional transport of a submillimeter-sized cargo with stimuli responsive bio-motors should be developed as a fundamental motion. This study [...] Read more.
The sensing and actuation capabilities of biological cells integrated with artificial components have been used to create autonomous microsystems. For creating autonomous microsystems, the unidirectional transport of a submillimeter-sized cargo with stimuli responsive bio-motors should be developed as a fundamental motion. This study aims to use Volvox as a light-controlled microrobot to achieve the unidirectional transport of a submillimeter-sized cargo. We show the fabrication of a guide structure, cargo, and light irradiation platform for a unidirectional actuation. The fundamental performances of each component were investigated, and the motions of Volvox were controlled in a microchamber with the developed light irradiation platform. All components were integrated to demonstrate the unidirectional actuation of a block by Volvox. We discuss the dynamics of the mechanical motions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nanomotors 2018)
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11 pages, 2717 KiB  
Article
A Dynamic Model of Drag Force for Catalytic Micromotors Based on Navier–Stokes Equations
by Zhen Wang, Qingjia Chi, Tao Bai, Qiang Wang and Lisheng Liu
Micromachines 2018, 9(9), 459; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9090459 - 12 Sep 2018
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4019
Abstract
In past decades, considerable advances have been achieved in micro and nanomotors. Particular attention has been given to self-propelled catalytic micromotors, which have been widely used in cell separation, drug delivery, microsurgery, lithography and environmental remediation. Fast moving, long life micromotors appear regularly, [...] Read more.
In past decades, considerable advances have been achieved in micro and nanomotors. Particular attention has been given to self-propelled catalytic micromotors, which have been widely used in cell separation, drug delivery, microsurgery, lithography and environmental remediation. Fast moving, long life micromotors appear regularly, however it seems there are no solutions yet that thoroughly clarify the hydrodynamic behavior of catalytic micromotors moving in fluid. Dynamic behavior of this kind of micromotors is mainly determined by the driving force and drag force acting on the micromotors. Based on the hydromechanics theory, a hydrodynamic model is established to predict the drag force for a conical micromotor immersed in the flow field. By using the computational fluid dynamics software Fluent 18.0 (ANSYS), the drag force and the drag coefficient of different conical micromotors are calculated. A mathematical model was proposed to describe the relationship among Reynolds numbers Re, the ratio λ, the semi-cone angle δ and the drag coefficient Cd of the micromotors. This work provides theoretical support and reference for optimizing the design and development of conical micromotors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nanomotors 2018)
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Review

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14 pages, 5439 KiB  
Review
Micro-/Nanorobots Propelled by Oscillating Magnetic Fields
by Hao Yu, Wentian Tang, Guanyu Mu, Haocheng Wang, Xiaocong Chang, Huijuan Dong, Liqun Qi, Guangyu Zhang and Tianlong Li
Micromachines 2018, 9(11), 540; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9110540 - 23 Oct 2018
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 7363
Abstract
Recent strides in micro- and nanomanufacturing technologies have sparked the development of micro-/nanorobots with enhanced power and functionality. Due to the advantages of on-demand motion control, long lifetime, and great biocompatibility, magnetic propelled micro-/nanorobots have exhibited considerable promise in the fields of drug [...] Read more.
Recent strides in micro- and nanomanufacturing technologies have sparked the development of micro-/nanorobots with enhanced power and functionality. Due to the advantages of on-demand motion control, long lifetime, and great biocompatibility, magnetic propelled micro-/nanorobots have exhibited considerable promise in the fields of drug delivery, biosensing, bioimaging, and environmental remediation. The magnetic fields which provide energy for propulsion can be categorized into rotating and oscillating magnetic fields. In this review, recent developments in oscillating magnetic propelled micro-/nanorobot fabrication techniques (such as electrodeposition, self-assembly, electron beam evaporation, and three-dimensional (3D) direct laser writing) are summarized. The motion mechanism of oscillating magnetic propelled micro-/nanorobots are also discussed, including wagging propulsion, surface walker propulsion, and scallop propulsion. With continuous innovation, micro-/nanorobots can become a promising candidate for future applications in the biomedical field. As a step toward designing and building such micro-/nanorobots, several types of common fabrication techniques are briefly introduced. Then, we focus on three propulsion mechanisms of micro-/nanorobots in oscillation magnetic fields: (1) wagging propulsion; (2) surface walker; and (3) scallop propulsion. Finally, a summary table is provided to compare the abilities of different micro-/nanorobots driven by oscillating magnetic fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nanomotors 2018)
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15 pages, 1838 KiB  
Review
A Review of Fast Bubble-Driven Micromotors Powered by Biocompatible Fuel: Low-Concentration Fuel, Bioactive Fluid and Enzyme
by Qingjia Chi, Zhen Wang, Feifei Tian, Ji’an You and Shuang Xu
Micromachines 2018, 9(10), 537; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9100537 - 22 Oct 2018
Cited by 48 | Viewed by 6146
Abstract
Micromotors are extensively applied in various fields, including cell separation, drug delivery and environmental protection. Micromotors with high speed and good biocompatibility are highly desirable. Bubble-driven micromotors, propelled by the recoil effect of bubbles ejection, show good performance of motility. The toxicity of [...] Read more.
Micromotors are extensively applied in various fields, including cell separation, drug delivery and environmental protection. Micromotors with high speed and good biocompatibility are highly desirable. Bubble-driven micromotors, propelled by the recoil effect of bubbles ejection, show good performance of motility. The toxicity of concentrated hydrogen peroxide hampers their practical applications in many fields, especially biomedical ones. In this paper, the latest progress was reviewed in terms of constructing fast, bubble-driven micromotors which use biocompatible fuels, including low-concentration fuels, bioactive fluids, and enzymes. The geometry of spherical and tubular micromotors could be optimized to acquire good motility using a low-concentration fuel. Moreover, magnesium- and aluminum-incorporated micromotors move rapidly in water if the passivation layer is cleared in the reaction process. Metal micromotors demonstrate perfect motility in native acid without any external chemical fuel. Several kinds of enzymes, including catalase, glucose oxidase, and ureases were investigated to serve as an alternative to conventional catalysts. They can propel micromotors in dilute peroxide or in the absence of peroxide. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nanomotors 2018)
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