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Minerals
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Micro-Mechanism and Characteristics of Coal Reservoirs
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Micro-Mechanism and Characteristics of Coal Reservoirs

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Deposits".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 8475

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Wu Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Coalbed Methane Resource & Reservoir Formation Process, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China
Interests: coal molecule; chemical structure; organic matter
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yu Song

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Interests: exploration of coalbed methane; coal and gas outburst; structural characterization of coal and kerogen; microscopic simulation of material interactions; geological sequestration of carbon dioxide

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As a complex porous medium, coal reservoir has the characteristics of low porosity, low permeability, and low saturation. Coal reservoir is not only the main space for coalbed methane (CBM) enrichment, but also the main channel for CBM seepage. The adsorbed methane is mainly controlled by the microstructure characteristics. In recent years, the description and evaluation of the microscopic characteristics of coal reservoirs have been the focus of CBM exploration and development, which mainly includes research on the pore structure, fluid characteristics, molecular structure, pore size distribution, adsorption, and other aspects of coal reservoirs. The present Special Issue on “Micro-Mechanism and Characteristics of Coal Reservoirs” is proposed to discuss the key characterization of the microstructure of coal reservoirs and understand the specific characteristics and differential characteristics of coal reservoirs in China. It also provides some information for the exploration and development of coalbed methane. Potential topics include but are not limited to:

  • Pore structure characteristics;
  • Structural characteristics of macromolecules;
  • Fluid properties;
  • Pore size distribution characteristics;
  • Adsorption characteristics;
  • Comprehensive evaluation model of coal reservoir.

Dr. Wu Li
Dr. Yu Song
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • pore structure characteristics
  • structural characteristics of macromolecules
  • fluid properties
  • pore size distribution characteristics
  • adsorption characteristics
  • comprehensive evaluation model of coal reservoir

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3314 KiB  
Article
Changes in Physicochemical Properties of Coal and Their Mechanism Due to Supercritical CO2–H2O Treatment
by Run Chen, Yajun Zhang, Kunpeng Hu, Guanglong Tu and Tianzheng Dou
Minerals 2023, 13(10), 1262; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13101262 - 27 Sep 2023
Viewed by 956
Abstract
The dissolution of supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) in water forms a ScCO2–H2O system, which exerts a transformative influence on the physicochemical characteristics of coal and significantly impacts the CO2-driven enhanced coalbed methane (CO2-ECBM) [...] Read more.
The dissolution of supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) in water forms a ScCO2–H2O system, which exerts a transformative influence on the physicochemical characteristics of coal and significantly impacts the CO2-driven enhanced coalbed methane (CO2-ECBM) recovery process. Herein, the effect of ScCO2–H2O treatment on the physicochemical properties of coal was simulated in a high-pressure reactor. The migration of major elements, change in the pore structure, and change in the CH4 adsorption capacity of coal after the ScCO2–H2O treatment were detected using plasma emission spectroscopy, the low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption method, and the CH4 adsorption method, respectively. The results show that (1) the ScCO2–H2O treatment led to mineral reactions causing a significant migration of constant elements in the coal. The migration of Ca ions was the most significant, with an increase in their concentration in treated water from 0 to 16–970 mg·L−1, followed by Na, Mg, and K. Al migrated the least, from 0 to 0.004–2.555 mg·L−1. (2) The ScCO2–H2O treatment increased the pore volume and pore-specific surface area (SSA) of the coal via the dissolution and precipitation of minerals in the coal pores. The total pore volume increased from 0.000795–0.011543 to 0.001274–0.014644 cm3·g−1, and the total pore SSA increased from 0.084–3.332 to 0.400–6.061 m2·g−1. (3) Changes in the CH4 adsorption capacity were affected by the combined effects of a mineral reaction and pore structure change. The dissolved precipitates of the minerals in the coal pores after the ScCO2–H2O treatment caused elemental migration, which not only decreased the mineral content in the coal pores but also increased the total pore volume and total pore SSA, thus improving the CH4 adsorption capacity of the coal. This study provides theoretical support for CO2 sequestration and ECBM recovery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro-Mechanism and Characteristics of Coal Reservoirs)
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21 pages, 29682 KiB  
Article
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Methane Adsorption and Diffusion: A Case Study of Low-Rank Coal in Fukang Area, Southern Junggar Basin
by Jie Xiang, Xianqing Li, Weiyu Gao, Yu Liu, Jiandong Li, Jingwei Yang and Yixiao Gong
Minerals 2023, 13(2), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13020229 - 4 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2439
Abstract
Adsorption and diffusion are the key factors affecting coalbed methane (CBM) accumulation, resource assessment and production prediction. To study the adsorption and diffusion mechanism of Fukang low-rank coal at the microscopic level, samples of Fukang low-rank coal were collected, and the elemental composition, [...] Read more.
Adsorption and diffusion are the key factors affecting coalbed methane (CBM) accumulation, resource assessment and production prediction. To study the adsorption and diffusion mechanism of Fukang low-rank coal at the microscopic level, samples of Fukang low-rank coal were collected, and the elemental composition, carbon type distribution and functional group type of the Fukang low-rank coal structure were determined by elemental analysis (Ea), Fourier-transform interferometric radiometer (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) experiments to construct a 2D molecular structure of the coal and a 3D macromolecular structure model. The adsorption and diffusion characteristics of methane were researched by giant regular Monte Carlo (GCMC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods. The results showed that the excess adsorption amount of methane increased and then decreased with the increase in pressure. The diffusion of methane showed two stages with increasing pressure: a sharp decrease in the diffusion coefficient from 0.5 to 5.0 MPa and a slow decrease in the diffusion coefficient from 5.0 to 15.0 MPa. The lower the pressure, the larger the effective radius of the CH4 and C atoms, and the higher the temperature, the more pronounced the diffusion and the larger the effective radius. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro-Mechanism and Characteristics of Coal Reservoirs)
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Review

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41 pages, 4359 KiB  
Review
Biogeochemical Controls on Methane Generation: A Review on Indian Coal Resources
by Tushar Adsul, Santanu Ghosh, Susheel Kumar, Balram Tiwari, Subir Dutta and Atul Kumar Varma
Minerals 2023, 13(5), 695; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13050695 - 19 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2965
Abstract
Coal bed methane (CBM) extraction has astounding effects on the global energy budget. Since the earliest discoveries of CBM, this natural gas form has witnessed ever-increasing demands from the core sectors of the economy. CBM is an unconventional source of energy occurring naturally [...] Read more.
Coal bed methane (CBM) extraction has astounding effects on the global energy budget. Since the earliest discoveries of CBM, this natural gas form has witnessed ever-increasing demands from the core sectors of the economy. CBM is an unconventional source of energy occurring naturally within coal beds. The multiphase CBM generation during coal evolution commences with microbial diagenesis of the sedimentary organic matter during peatification, followed by early to mature thermogenic kerogen decomposition and post-coalification occurrences. Indeed, the origin of the CBM and, moreover, its economically valuable retention within coal seams is a function of various parameters. Several noticeable knowledge gaps include the controls of coal make-up and its physico-chemical position on the CBM generation and genetic link through fossil molecular and stable isotopic integration with the parent coal during its evolution. Therefore, this manuscript reviews the origin of CBM; the influences of coal properties and micropetrographic entities on CBM generation and storage; and its genetic molecular and stable isotope compositions in India and the world’s major coal reservoirs. Moreover, analyses of and outlooks on future development trends in the exploration, production, and application of coalbed methane are also addressed. Finally, as India has the fifth largest proven coal reserves, this brief review of the recent CBM discoveries and developments provides a plausible scope for microbially enhanced CBM production from these basins. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro-Mechanism and Characteristics of Coal Reservoirs)
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13 pages, 2632 KiB  
Review
A Discussion on CO2 Sequestration in the UCG Space Based upon the Review of the UCG Residue Physicochemical Properties
by Run Chen, Fengrong Lv, Yunxia Bao, Fu Chen, Tianzheng Dou and Guanglong Tu
Minerals 2023, 13(5), 616; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13050616 - 28 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1273
Abstract
The strategic goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” has promoted further reform of the global energy system. Additionally, coal is still the dominate form of energy consumption. Underground coal gasification, which changes the method of coal utilization, is an important way to [...] Read more.
The strategic goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” has promoted further reform of the global energy system. Additionally, coal is still the dominate form of energy consumption. Underground coal gasification, which changes the method of coal utilization, is an important way to execute clean coal development and clean utilization, and is also an effective method for the development of deep coal resources, belonging to the technical category of clean energy resources. Compared with the traditional method of coal mining surface gasification, it has obvious advantages of being economical, safe and environmentally friendly. After high-temperature gasification, the physicochemical properties of the residues in the three reaction zones of UCG are significantly different from those of the raw coal. Therefore, this paper summarizes the transformation characteristics and the evolution of organic matter and minerals during UCG. Moreover, the paper analyzes the transformation of pore structure caused by UCG and its influencing mechanism, and discusses the possible utilization of UCG residue based on its physicochemical properties. The results show that: (1) after the UCG, the gasification center residue was mainly composed of acidic and alkaline oxides, accompanied by glassy silica that wrapped the carbon residue, which was located far from the gasification center. Due to the weakening of the oxygen supply, the chemical reaction changed from oxidation to reduction, and the influence of baking on the pyrolysis of coal and minerals gradually weakened. Furthermore, the organic carbon content in the residue gradually increased, whereas the inorganic mineral content decreased. Additionally, the thermal decomposition declined. In the boundary between the dry distillation zone and the raw coal, the organic skeleton of coal and inorganic minerals remained basically unchanged. (2) It is suitable for carbonation to sequestrate CO2 for the oxidation residue after the oxidation process because the residue was composed of slag, whereas the baked roof rock fell off. It is suitable for high-pressure adsorption to sequestrate CO2 in the reduction coal due to the porous and high specific surface of the pyrolysis coal. Some pyrolytic minerals were conducive to mineralization to sequestrate CO2. The dry distillated coal had higher specific surface area and volume of pores in the dry distillation zone than those of the raw coal, whereas the values were lower than those of the reduction zone. The pyrolysis of minerals was not obvious, and the carbonation of CO2 was relatively low. The study points out that CO2 sequestration in the UCG space is an important way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions under the dual carbon peak and neutralization targets. The use of UCG cavities for CO2 sequestration is important for achieving the strategic goal of carbon neutrality. However, the current research on CO2 sequestration using UCG cavities is at the theoretical stage, further field tests are lacking and the commercialization process of CO2 sequestration has not yet been realized. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro-Mechanism and Characteristics of Coal Reservoirs)
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